1 . Self-learning can help you develop important skills and gain valuable knowledge. Understanding strategies for self-learning is important. They can help you study new concepts with ease.     1    .

Determine your learning style. People often prefer to learn new information or a new skill using varied approaches.     2     by exploring different learning styles and understanding your own learning process.

Find a purpose. Determine what you want to learn about and why you want to be a self-learner.     3    . Then, consider reflecting on how it might affect your life right now and how you might plan to use it in the future. For instance, if you plan to learn fiction writing, you can decide whether you’re interested in seeking a publishing career or maintaining it as a hobby.

    4    . This can help you focus your efforts. It may be helpful to choose specific options, so you can optimize (优化) the steps of your self-learning process. For example, if you’re practicing a programming language like HTML, you can make a goal to design your own website with certain functions using the knowledge you’ve learned.

Determine a schedule. To create an effective plan, it may be helpful to create an agenda for your self-learning sessions.     5     and estimate how long each task might take to complete. Depending on your preferences, you can plan your sessions using a physical notebook, an informal to-do list or spreadsheet software.

A．Assess your strengths

B．Be sure to set reasonable goals

C．Identify a skill set you’re interested in learning

D．Here’re some tips for effective self-learning practices

E．Consider giving yourself a set of achievable deadlines

F．You can find the most useful methods and techniques for yourself

G．Having a specific goal can also help you set accurate self-learning sessions

4 . Like humans, being overweight can have consequences for our pet's health, both short term and long term. Studies have shown that overweight dogs do not live as long.     1     . There is a risk of killing your pet with kindness.

Calorie-controlled food

Using special calorie-controlled foods from the vet is usually the most effective way of losing weight and well worth considering.     2     . Many vets run weight control clinics providing regular check-ups. They are often free of charge, and help to ensure that the diet is working at the correct rate.

Weight watcher

With calorie-controlled food from the vet, you will be advised how much to feed daily. Many dry diets come with calibrated scoops (带刻度的勺子) but it is easy to overfill these. You can reduce hunger by feeding two or three times a day, so long as you don't go above the daily recommended amount.     3    

    4    

Make a record of everything—including table scraps (剩饭) and treats—that your dog eats for a few days. This is often valuable in highlighting "extra". A dog that does not seem to eat much dog food probably still has an appetite for sausages!

Moderate exercise

Increasing exercise alone is not enough, although it is helpful. Start gradually, and be careful with how much you exercise elderly pets.     5     . Consult your vet right away if you notice your dog is limping or struggling with exercise. Try to take your dog out at least twice a day and increase the activity level at home as well.

A．No snacks

B．A food diary

C．Little and often is the safest way to start

D．It lasts longer than food and helps to strengthen your relationship more

E．If you must feed treats, remember to take these out of the daily total amount

F．And they are also more likely to suffer from illnesses that spoil their quality of life

G．These diets are designed to make your pet feel full and ensure the nutrients they need

5 . Glaciers are melting; children are facing violence; hatred is spreading. At times, it feels as if the world is reaching the bottom.     1     It’s one of the most powerful and essential human mindsets, and possible to achieve even when it feels out of reach. Chan Hellman, a psychologist, emphasizes that hope is a teachable and attainable mindset, not an inherent trait. How can we stay hopeful-even when it feels unattainable?

    2    

As children, we were often warned against getting our hopes up. However, David Feldman, a professor studying hope, notes, “The truth is, whether or not we allow ourselves to hope, at some point we’re going to be disappointed. I think the solution is allowing ourselves to feel hopeful.

Set at least one meaningful goal

In the mid-1980s, the psychologist Charles Snyder identified three crucial factors forming the basis of Hope Theory, a model researchers still rely on today: First, people must think in a goal-oriented way. More on the other two elements, pathways and agency.) Make it a point to always be working toward at least one goal that’s meaningful by nature, Feldman advises.     3    .

Brainstorm solutions

    4    . Feldman explains it as having clear and feasible strategies for goal attainment. If you’ve set a goal that’s meaningful to you, but you can’t figure out a way to achieve it, you’ll probably feel pretty hopeless. People who are high in hope, meanwhile, tend to have an alternative at the ready.

Call your support team

According to Snyder’s research, people who are hopeful tend to have a lot of “agency”, which means the motivation to actually achieve their goals. Getting a good night’s rest, following a healthy diet, and meditating can all promote agency, Feldman says.     5    . However, sometimes the strongest source of agency is other people. When Feldman is feeling low, he calls his father, who’s his biggest cheerleader.

A．Seek for hope in loneliness

B．Give yourself permission to be hopeful

C．The cure for any despair might be hope

D．Surround yourself with supportive people

E．So can tapping into our own positive beliefs about ourselves

F．Another key element of Snyder’s Hope Theory is “pathways”

G．It shouldn’t be something you have to do but something you want to do

6 . “A fish out of water.” “A bike without a chain.” There are many metaphors for culture shock, all of which attempt to describe the unique experience of being far from one’s home country and culture.

Scientists have studied culture shock for over a century. Rather than focus on the purely negative aspects, psychologists describe it as a process of stress and adjustment. The first stage is the honeymoon phase, when we are filled with excitement about being in another country. Eventually, as daily challenges arise, we enter a state of crisis and anxiety, harboring unfriendly feelings about the host culture. The longer we are immersed in the culture, we adjust and recover from those negative feelings. Finally, after some time we adjust even more and fully accept the new culture.

One of the factors that determines how we react to cultural stress is our personality. Not surprisingly, extraverts (外向者) tend to have an easier time adjusting to new cultures. That is because being in a new country means meeting many new people and spending a lot of time around them, and extraverts thrive in these situations. But introverts simply prefer to be alone after spending time in groups, and only have limited energy to spend in social settings.

Cultural intelligence, or CQ, also plays its part. Cultural intelligence is defined as the capability of an individual to function effectively in situations characterized by cultural diversity. It has to do with our interest in interacting with people from culturally diverse backgrounds, and our ability to adapt to new cultural context. It is argued that the higher our CQ, the lesser the effect of culture shock on our ability to cope in new situations.

Many effective coping strategies are interpersonal. A recent study found that relating to others with empathy is significantly associated with lower stress levels abroad. The more we are able to take on other people’s points of view, the more positive our interpersonal relationships and thus our adaptation to the stress of culture shock.

1. What is the function of the first paragraph?

A．Explaining the quotes.	B．Raising an argument.
C．Introducing the topic.	D．Presenting an example.

2. How will a person feel the moment he arrives in a foreign country?

A．Anxious.

B．Thrilled.

C．Shocked.

D．Grateful.

3. Who will most probably be affected by the cultural shock?

A．An active boy interested in anything new.

B．A shy boy unwilling to socialize with strangers.

C．A quiet girl open to diverse cultural backgrounds.

D．A communicative girl fluent in the local language.

4. What is important for dealing with the cultural shock?

A．Lowering the stress level.	B．Developing self-awareness.
C．Analyzing the cause of discomfort.	D．Understanding others with sympathy.

7 . Emotional eating is the tendency to eat in times of stress, anxiety, anger, or sadness. Here are strategies to conquer it.

Name that Mood. The first step in overcoming emotional eating is to get a clearer understanding of when it happens. When keeping your diet journal, make a note of your mood each time you eat.     1     . Figuring out how often you eat when in bad moods, and which foods will give you insight into your patterns and help you know when to use the following strategies.

    2     . Negative emotions ebb and flow like the tide. Sometimes it feels very bad and other times it pulls back and is barely noticeable, which may all occur over a matter of minutes or hours. Knowing that a bad feeling will die down is important because learning to deal with the bad feeling without eating involves developing the ability to tolerate it. This means to just feel the emotion in its entirety without intervening it. Let high tide wash over you.

Don’t Empower It. By eating during a negative emotion, you are giving food a new power beyond just meeting your nutrition needs.     3     . You begin to believe that you need food to get through bad feelings.

Cope with It Healthily. The key is to find ways to cope with negative feelings that do not cause more problems. Eating causes more problems, and so does getting lost in TV for hours at a time. Exercise and talking with a supportive friend are good examples of healthy coping. Avoid coping strategies with potential harm.     4    

Conquer the Hard Times. Life is constant chaos. The secret to weight loss success is being able to keep a healthy lifestyle even in the midst of chaos. If you gain weight every time life gets stressful, your weight will always go up and down.     5     . You will be confident that you can do this no matter what difficulties come your way.

A．Ride the Storm Out

B．Overcome Negative Emotions

C．This will allow you to identify episodes of emotional eating

D．Food becomes a way to cope, making your desire for it intensify

E．Challenge yourself to maintain a healthy lifestyle when pressured

F．It will shake your confidence and you will end up gaining more weight

G．There is no sense in feeling better in the moment if it costs you tomorrow

8 . We have put together a shortlist of habits for you, college students, to try and make it your daily routine. The results are soon to follow.

Meditation (冥想) helps to reduce stress and depression and can improve many aspects of your life.     1     Participants in the experiment reported that after 8 weeks of meditation practice, their attention span (持续时长) had improved, with mindful actions and non-judgmental perception becoming more common in their lives.

The little key to successful money management is to spend less than you earn.     2     Don’t buy things you don’t need, i.e. don’t make impulsive and ill-considered purchases. Try to develop a more minimalist (极简主义) approach to spending your money, which will help you get rid of the negative consequences of consumption without much thinking.     3    

    4     It’s better to write it down. Put a small notebook and a pencil by your bedside to mark your thoughts when you wake up. Also, this way you can find the problematic moments that make you more stressed than usual. This way you will clear your mind.

If you prioritize your energy for your work, i.e. the really important ones and the non-urgent ones, you will save a lot of time and effort.     5     For example, you can give some of your academic papers to the essay service for some improvement so that you can devote more time to your major subject. It is therefore important to understand the basics of time management and to do this, you should read a book or even several if you are strongly interested.

A．How do you get there?

B．Reading helps you develop.

C．And try not to buy things on credit.

D．A really good idea might come to you while you sleep.

E．The more useful habits you have, the more you can achieve.

F．Doing several things at once greatly reduces your efficiency.

G．It has a positive effect on changes in the grey matter of the brain.

9 . There are many things you can do to engage in self-care.     1     No matter what you choose, the goal is to figure out which self-care strategies work best for you.

Take a self-care trip.     2     Even if you’re not feeling particularly stressed, getting away for a weekend every now and then can help you disconnect, relax, be active, and feel confident. These self-care trips don’t have to be costly. You can simply drive to the next town over and see the sights, or go camping nearby.

    3     Spending time outside can help you reduce stress, lower your blood pressure, and live in the moment. Studies have even shown that getting outside can help reduce fatigue (疲劳), making it a great way to overcome symptoms of depression or burnout. Getting outside can also help you sleep better at night, especially if you do some physical activities, like gardening, hiking, or walking while you are outside.

Let a pet help you with your self-care. Pets can bring a boost to our lives. From giving unconditional love to providing companionship, pets can be hugely beneficial for our self-care.     4    

Take care of yourself by getting organized. Getting organized is often the first step to becoming a healthier you.     5     A small change, like keeping a planner or a calendar on the fridge, can help you write down all your responsibilities and appointments, while at the same time keeping your life a bit more organized.

A．Read a book on self-care for self-care.

B．Take a self-care break by getting outside.

C．It provides a mind shift that enables you to feel prioritized.

D．You can read about self-care strategies or join self-care programs.

E．Consider making a healthy meal for yourself or your whole family.

F．Dogs especially can help reduce stress and can even lower blood pressure.

G．It allows you to figure out exactly what you need to do in a planned manner.