1 . You may not be able to change your school’s environmental policy, but you can be the change you want to see in the world. Going eco-friendly can raise awareness of environmental issues. Here are some ways that can help you go green.
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Embrace (拥抱) recycling
How many soft drink cans, papers from lecture notes, plastic water bottles, and snack food packaging does every high-school student throw away? More than we could count!
The emission of air pollutants from transport is one of the biggest enemies of a healthy environment. To reduce the environmental impact of transport and improve public health, use sustainable (可持续的) transport. Switch from car rides to riding a bike. Also, if you are hanging out with your friends nearby, take a walk. In addition to reducing air pollution, you’ll also keep your body healthy.
Eat some greens
You don’t have to turn into a vegetarian, but you might want to consider increasing your greens. Vegetarian meals are good for your health, and they have a lower carbon footprint. Start off by introducing a meat-free day once a week. If you don’t mind getting your hands dirty, think about growing your own fruits and vegetables.
A.But you can do something about it |
B.Start an eco-friendly student club |
C.Choose sustainable transport |
D.You don’t need something super fancy |
E.What about recycling your study books and old clothes |
F.Why not take advantage of living in an era of technology |
G.You can even join your community gardeners to learn some tricks |
2 . As an ordinary man, I have a special habit to confess. Whenever I walk down the street, I offer to pour a bottle of water from the nearby river into the dirt of a street tree. It’s just my personal habit, and I think it doesn’t make a difference, but I’d like to do it. I mention this in light of a campaign launched by the Arboricultural Association to call on the public to water new street trees.
The UK government has committed to planting millions of trees to help meet climate targets and aims to increase tree cover from 14.5% to 16.5% by 2050. However, as John Parker, chief executive of the Arboricultural Association, says, “Planting a tree is just the start of the story. The health and survival of new urban trees is threatened by increasingly dry weather. It is recommended that the newly planted trees be given about 50 litres of water per week for the first three years.” While in rural settings, the newly planted trees and woods can take care of themselves and adapt, the challenging conditions mean trees in the urban areas need a bit more care.
Long ago, I assumed that the good of street trees was to soften the hard edges of urban environments. But, what an underestimation of tree power that was! A study from the University of Minnesota Twin Cities illustrates they can provide inspiration or a calming atmosphere in an otherwise crowded city. Trees are responsible for easing urban heat island effects and air and pollutant filtration. And I think they provide the habitat for wildlife, especially birds.
Trees can’t run away. Unfortunately for them and fortunately for urban residents, city trees are stuck with us. If we want to continue enjoying all the good they do, we should try to understand their needs and do all that we can to support them. A bottle of water won’t do much, but next time you all together have a bucket of water to pour, you know what big effect will happen.
1. What does the author think of his personal habit?A.It is of little effect. | B.It is enforced. |
C.It is of much significance. | D.It is common. |
A.They have started to be watered regularly. |
B.More work needs to be done for their living. |
C.They are threatened by the increasing flood. |
D.The newly planted ones can’t look after themselves. |
A.Their usage is overrated. |
B.Their value is thought highly of by the public. |
C.They benefit residents physically and mentally. |
D.They can thoroughly solve environmental problems. |
A.When in need, ask for it. | B.Tall trees catch much wind. |
C.Many hands make light work. | D.Misfortunes seldom come alone. |
3 . Bringing species like beavers (河狸) back to England is no longer a priority, the government said on Friday to criticism from wildlife groups.
A recent report shows that one in six UK species are at risk of extinction. In September more than 60 conservation organisations reported a significant decline in species due to expansions in farming and the effects of climate change. In recent years, animals and plants have been reintroduced by charities as part of efforts to restore the country’s reduced biodiversity.
Despite the government allowing this, the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee concluded in July that there was an absence of long-term plans on how to manage this. In response, the government has now said that the “reintroduction of species is not a priority”.
The government said it was focused on increasing biodiversity through habitat restoration. The government’s environment department has come under scrutiny (详细审查) for not doing more to prevent sewage dumping and other forms of pollution in England’s waterways.
Sir Robert Goodwill, chair of the Committee, said he was disappointed with the government response. Bringing back extinct species is a controversial issue — although farmers and landowners appear broadly supportive, there are risks of reintroducing new species, and without clear guidance, problems could arise.
A recent study showed that river barriers similar to those built by beavers can protect communities at risk of flooding. But there have also been cases documented in Europe where beavers have built their dams in places that have damaged crops and changed rivers.
Joan Edwards, director of Policy & Public Affairs at The Wildlife Trusts said, “Reintroducing wildlife must be part of the UK government’s arsenal (武器) for tackling nature loss and climate change — it is astonishing there is no strategy for doing so.”
“The return of wild beavers can help to recreate lost wetlands, with a knock-on effect that benefits other wildlife including insects, invertebrates and birds. Beavers also slow the flow of water, which can reduce flood risks to towns and villages,” she said.
1. What does paragraph 2 want to convey?A.The situation of species in the UK is severe. |
B.Reintroduction of species in the UK is not a priority. |
C.Expansions in farming have a great effect on climate change. |
D.The UK government’s response to reduced biodiversity is disappointing. |
A.By developing strategy. |
B.By offering guidance. |
C.By expanding farming. |
D.By restoring habitat. |
A.It was messy. | B.It was limited. |
C.It was beneficial. | D.It was costly. |
A.The advantages of reintroducing wildlife. |
B.The responses to a government statement. |
C.The effects of climate change on farming. |
D.The approaches to increasing biodiversity. |
4 . It could be said that trees naturally call for attention as they climb toward the sky with their arms outstretched (伸展的). Yet, it’s still easy for us to ignore them. As we live busy lives, trees seem to play the role of a background.
Nothing could be further from the truth. Trees are important to the quality and health of our lives, our homes and our planet. Rooted to a single spot, they appear still. But that stillness is not equal to laziness. In fact, they are workhorses of the environment as the impact of their hard work carries miles farther than the ground in which they stand.
Globally, trees are the most cost-effective tool in the fight against climate change. Trees clean the air and absorb carbon. They promote biodiversity and support important habitats. For example, ring-tailed lemurs (环尾狐猴) are considered one of the most endangered creatures on the planet. A big reason is that half of the forests they depend on in Madagascar off the east coast of Africa were cut down.
Lemurs aren’t alone when it comes to a dependency on trees. Trees are home to 80% of all animals, plants and insects that live on land. Though humans aren’t always dependent on treetops for shelter, trees can save our lives, too.
Reports indicate in 2022 alone, heat waves across Europe caused an estimated 20,000deaths. Scientists point to trees as a way to fight against these urban heat islands, saying that increasing Europe’s tree canopy (树冠) by 30% could prevent thousands of deaths. Being around trees can also improve a person’s blood pressure, mental health and boost creativity. In fact, doctors in Canada are so convinced of nature’s benefits for the mind and body that they started suggesting patients free passes to national parks.
It’s time to put trees in the spotlight and inspire people to plant trees. This isn’t a one-sided relationship. What we give to nature we will receive in return.
1. What does the author want to tell us by mentioning ring-tailed lemurs?A.The importance of trees to animals. | B.The function of trees in purifying the air. |
C.How animals fight against climate change. | D.Why trees are always overlooked by people. |
A.Insects’ lives are not affected by trees | B.Trees can contribute to human survival. |
C.Carbon can hardly be absorbed by trees. | D.Planting trees is high-cost and low-return. |
A.Encourage people to make more friends. | B.Advertise a spotlight. |
C.Introduce a new topic for discussion. | D.Call on people to plant trees. |
A.Entertainment | B.Health. | C.Environment. | D.Education. |
5 . For most of human history, the stars shone brightly in a dark night sky. But today, cities and towns, increasingly lit by artificial light at night, dramatically reduce the visibility of stars.
Satellite data suggests that light pollution has been increasing in many parts of the world over the last decade. However, satellites miss the blue light of LEDs (发光的二极管), which are commonly used for outdoor lighting, resulting in an underestimate of light pollution.
An international citizen science project called Globe at Night (环球夜景) aims to measure how everyday people’s view of the sky is changing. The data shows that the night sky got, on average, 9.6% brighter every year. For many people, the night sky today is twice as bright as it was eight years ago. The brighter the sky, the fewer stars you can see. If this trend continues, a child born today in a place where 250 stars are visible now would only be able to see 100 stars on his/her 18th birthday.
The main factors leading to increasing brightness of the night sky are industrialization and the growing use of LEDs for outdoor lighting. The loss of dark skies threatens our ability as astronomers to do good science. But everyday people feel this loss too. Starry night skies have inspired artists, writers, musicians and philosophers for thousands of years. Light pollution also has a bad effect on the daily cycle of light and dark that plants and animals use to adjust their lifestyle. Two-thirds of the world’s key biodiversity (生物多样性) areas are affected by light pollution.
Individuals and their communities can make simple changes to reduce light pollution. The secret is using the right amount of light, in the right place and at the right time. Making outdoor lights shine downward, using lights that give out more yellow-colored light instead of white light and putting on light timers can all help reduce light pollution. A view of about 2,500 stars in a truly dark sky might convince you that dark skies are a resource worth saving.
1. How is the first paragraph mainly developed?A.By giving an example. | B.By making a comparison. |
C.By reaching a conclusion. | D.By raising a question. |
A.The light pollution is getting more serious. |
B.The night sky today gets darker than before. |
C.It’s difficult to imagine a child’s fast growth. |
D.LEDs are commonly used for outdoor lighting. |
A.The bad effects of light pollution. | B.The factors causing light pollution. |
C.The functions of starry night skies. | D.Key biodiversity areas in the world. |
A.To explain a phenomenon. | B.To suggest a solution. |
C.To remember a scientist. | D.To increase public awareness. |
6 . According to a new study released Wednesday, human activity has now gone past six of nine planetary boundaries, which are ways to measure the stability and livability of Earth for humans. The study published in the journal Science Advances represents the third update of the planetary boundary framework carried out by 29 scientists from eight different countries.
The planetary boundaries concept identifies nine global priorities relating to human—caused changes to the environment. The concept sets boundaries on how much we can allow ourselves to impact not only the climate but also other global processes that can support modern civilization. Respecting these safety boundaries would minimize the risk of human activities setting off a dramatic and potentially irrecoverable change in global environmental conditions.
Crossing six boundaries does not necessarily mean a disaster to follow, but it is a clear warning signal. “We can regard it as we do our own blood pressure,” said the study lead author Katherine Richardson of the University of Copenhagen in Denmark. “A blood pressure over 120 is not a guarantee of a heart attack but it increases the risk of one. For our own and our children’s sakes we need to reduce the pressure on these six planetary boundaries.”
As pressure on the planet increases and vital boundaries are being violated, we don’t know how long we can keep turning against these key boundaries before combined pressures lead to irrecoverable change and harm.
Richardson likens the framework to a bank statement—“it tells us how much of various resources of the Earth system we can allow ourselves to use without greatly increasing the risk in the overall environmental conditions we experience on Earth.”
According to Richardson, the study shows that focusing on climate alone will not solve the climate crisis; it must be seen together with the biodiversity crisis. Life is what makes this planet unique and it is the interactions between land, ocean, atmosphere and life that together provide conditions upon which our societies depend.
There is still time to prevent disasters, but we must take action, not next year or next month but now.
1. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?A.Our planet is safe enough to live on. |
B.Man puts our environment in great danger. |
C.The environmental stability can be ensured. |
D.The earth we live on is in a healthy condition. |
A.Reduce. | B.Increase. | C.Reconsider. | D.Challenge. |
A.Blood pressure is an important indicator in measuring physical health. |
B.Breaking six boundaries is certain to result in environmental disasters. |
C.Crossing boundaries is a clear warning against damaging environment. |
D.Paying attention to the behavior towards environment is very important. |
A.The nine planetary boundaries we should never go past |
B.How much of various resources of the Earth system we can use |
C.The ideal conditions upon which our humans depend to survive |
D.Immediate actions should be taken to protect the environment |
Human activity is
All activities changed the behavior of animals , but the study found
As well as having a profound influence on the animals — like reducing their ability to feed and breed — the changes point to a global restructuring of animal movement
Dr Tim Doherty, a wildlife ecologist at the University of Sydney, said it was already well known that humans
When human
From “pocket parks” between communities to forest parks in the outer cities, local governments are
From 2021 to 2022, Shanghai transformed 62 woodlands into leisure spaces. These leisure spaces open up forests,
Apart from meeting people’s needs, parks can also do good to the environment. Take Beijing’s Central Green Forest Park
9 . Earth’s protective ozone(臭氧) layer is slowly but noticeably healing at a pace that would fully mend the hole over Antarctica in about 43 years, a new United Nations report says. The layer of ozone in Earth’s atmosphere shields the planet from harmful radiation linked to skin cancer, cataracts and crop damage. The progress is slow. The global average amount of ozone 18 miles high in the atmosphere won’t be back to 1980 pre-thinning levels until about 2040, the report said. And it won’t be back to normal in the Arctic until 2045. Antarctica, where it’s so thin there’s an annual giant gaping hole in the layer, won’t be fully fixed until 2066, the report said.
Scientists and environmental advocates across the world have long hailed the efforts to heal the ozone hole—springing out of a 1987 agreement called the Montreal Protocol that called on all countries to ban a class of chemicals often used in refrigerants and aerosol—as one of the biggest ecological victories for humanity. “Our success in phasing out ozone-eating chemicals shows us what can and must be done to transition away from fossil fuels, reduce greenhouse gases and so limit temperature increase,” professor Petteri Taalas said in a statement. Signs of healing were reported four years ago although the observations at that point were in the early stages. “Those numbers of recovery have solidified a lot recently,” Petteri said.
“There has been a sea change in the way our society deals with ozone reducing substances,” said lead researcher David W. Fahey. Decades ago, people could go into a store and buy a can of refrigerants that eat away at the ozone. Now, not only are the substances banned but they are no longer much in people’s homes or cars, replaced by cleaner chemicals.
Natural weather patterns in the Antarctic also affect ozone hole levels. And the past couple years, the holes have been a bit bigger because of that but the overall trend is one of healing. This is “saving 2 million people every year from skin cancer,” United Nations Environment Programme Director Inger Andersen said in an email.
1. What can be concluded about ozone layer from the United Nations report?A.It has been improved. | B.It has little harmful radiation now. |
C.It will be in the best condition in 2040. | D.It will free Antarctica of biological risks in 2066. |
A.New household appliances. | B.Development in fossil fuels. |
C.Global efforts and cooperation. | D.Measures to slow global warming. |
A.They are likely to be prohibited. | B.They are not easily obtainable currently. |
C.They fail to meet great demand. | D.They are produced at a low cost. |
A.Antarctic: a promising island. |
B.Ozone layer: on track to recovery. |
C.Restoration Progress: Overcoming Challenges. |
D.The Montreal Protocol: A Global Success Story. |
10 . World Water Day
Everyone needs water, and every drop is precious. On 22 March, World Water Day draws attention to the essential role of water in our lives.
We all need water to stay alive, but about two billion people around the world live without clean water in their homes
In 1992, the United Nations made a special day for water, and World Water Day has been celebrated on 22 March every year since 1993. On this day, many countries hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water.
Some charities organize fundraising events for World Water Day. People do things like sponsored walks, cycles and swims.
A.We all need to join in some events |
B.We should drink lots of water to be healthy |
C.People may get sick from drinking dirty water |
D.That’s around a quarter of the world’s population |
E.Other groups organize events like “Walk for Water” |
F.It also focuses on the difficulty many people have getting clean water |
G.They try to find solutions to providing everyone in the world with clean water |