1 . Forest & Bird, a conservation organization in New Zealand, held a contest for Bird of the Century and invited people in the country and abroad to
To get
“The püteketeke are fantastic couples and
His effort
According to Forest & Bird, there are fewer than 3,000 of the bird across New Zealand a few decades ago. But the
Usually called Bird of the Year, the annual
| A．meet | B．select | C．protect | D．feed |
| A．asked | B．informed | C．challenged | D．reminded |
| A．bone | B．meat | C．feather | D．skin |
| A．protested | B．disappeared | C．developed | D．agreed |
| A．support | B．space | C．resource | D．pressure |
| A．ugly | B．unique | C．red | D．thin |
| A．annoying | B．rich | C．caring | D．clever |
| A．fell apart | B．went on | C．gave away | D．paid off |
| A．lake | B．list | C．bottle | D．tree |
| A．hosted | B．missed | C．won | D．joined |
| A．famous | B．intelligent | C．disappointed | D．ordinary |
| A．variety | B．value | C．chance | D．number |
| A．party | B．ceremony | C．event | D．festival |
| A．birds | B．flowers | C．crops | D．people |
| A．delayed | B．100th | C．forgotten | D．first |
China will build the world’s largest national park system, and a layout plan will be released soon. The plan is being drafted
3 . On a sunny afternoon in Dania Beach, a dozen scientist’s unloaded containers full of corals from a dive boat. They gently removed each piece from large tanks on the deck and placed them inside smaller containers, which were slowly taken onshore.
The operation is part of what scientists describe as a “Noah’s Ark(诺亚方舟)” mission to save corals from extinction as a mysterious disease damages mile after mile of the Florida Reef Tract. Since first being spotted in 2014, the disease has killed colonies already weakened by impacts from climate change, including frequent rounds of bleaching(漂泊).
During one trip, researchers spent six days diving in the Lower Keys to collect corals that haven’t yet been touched by a certain disease. Their mission, as the “Ark” reference suggests, is to preserve healthy examples of species that can be raised in labs, then later transplanted back to the barrier reef that parallels much of the Southeast Florida coastline.
“It’s a tough effort, but we need to do everything we can to help corals survive,” said Richard Dodge from Nova South eastern University’s [(NSU)] Halmos College, as he watched university staff and volunteers place the 341 corals in holding tanks on the university dock across from Port Everglades.
NSU is one of seven research facilities that will act as temporary hosts for samples collected for what is formally known as the Coral Rescue Collection Plan, part of an ambitious program led by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. NSU researchers will collect data on the species, then send them to other universities and zoos across the country, where they will be used to grow new colonies—seed stock for potential restoration efforts in the future.
1. What’s the best title for the passage?| A．Noah’s Ark mission | B．Corals are endangering |
| C．Corals are put in containers | D．Fight to preserve the corals |
| A．To emphasize it was very serious to corals. |
| B．To show few cared about its existence. |
| C．To appeal for international cooperation. |
| D．To state it was involved with climate change. |
| A．They conducted research on the spot. |
| B．They found it tough to collect corals. |
| C．They collected healthy corals. |
| D．They desired to get close to corals. |
| A．Culture. | B．Economy. | C．Entertainment. | D．Environment. |
4 . Flash droughts develop fast, and when they hit at the wrong time, they can ruin a region’s agriculture. They’re also becoming increasingly common as the planet warms. In a study published in the journal Communications Earth& Environment, we found that the risk of flash droughts, which can develop in just a few weeks, is on the rise in every major agricultural region around the world in the coming decades.
In North America and Europe, cropland that had a 32% annual chance of a flash drought a few years ago could have a greater chance of a flash drought by the final decades of this century. That result would put food production, energy, and water supplies under increasing pressure. The cost of change will also rise. A flash drought in the Dakotas and Montana 2017 caused $2.6 billion in agricultural damage in America alone.
All droughts begin when rainfall stops. What’s interesting about flash droughts is how fast they strengthen themselves, with some help from the warming climate. When the weather is hot and dry, soil loses moisture rapidly. Dry air extracts moisture from the land, and rising temperatures can increase this evaporative (蒸发的) demand. The lack of rain during a flash drought can further contribute to the feedback processes. Under these conditions, crops and vegetation begin to die much more quickly than they do during typical long-term droughts.
In our study, we used climate models and data from the past 170 years to assess the drought risks ahead under three conditions for how quickly the world takes action to slow the pace of global warming. If greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles, power plants, and other human sources continue at a high rate, we found that cropland in much of North America and Europe would have a 53% annual chance of flash droughts, by the final decades of this century. Globally, the largest increases in flash droughts would be in Europe and the Amazon. Slowing emissions can reduce the risk significantly, but we found flash droughts would still increase by about 6% worldwide under low emission conditions.
1. What is the feature of flash droughts?| A．Seldom happen and greatly beneficial. | B．Frequently happen and low risky. |
| C．Suddenly happen and highly destructive. | D．Regularly happen and slightly harmful. |
| A．Crops and vegetation die more quickly during long term droughts. |
| B．Slowing emissions can completely solve the problem of flash droughts. |
| C．In Europe cropland will suffer from more flash droughts by the end of this century. |
| D．Flash droughts won’t have any effect on food production, energy, and water supplies. |
| A．Adequate rainfall. | B．The warming climate. |
| C．The cold and wet weather. | D．Long-term droughts. |
| A．By studying climate models. | B．By speeding up global warming. |
| C．By changing cropland into forests. | D．By decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. |
5 . The specific cultural values of a country may determine whether concern about environmental issues actually leads individuals to engage in environmentally friendly behaviors, according to research published in Psychological Science.
Kimin Eom, a psychological scientist of the University of California, Santa Barbara, was inspired to investigate the links between culture, environmental concern, and environmental action after noticing that both public discussion and academic research on environmental behavior typically focus on people from Western countries. It is worth noticing because Western countries tend to have cultural values that prioritize individuals’ own attitudes and beliefs and encourage expression of them.
“The theory seemed to be that once individuals are led to believe in the urgency of environmental issues and have stronger concerns about sustainability (持续性), they will change and act to address the issues,” explains Eom. But this relationship might not hold for individuals living in more collectivistic (集体主义的) societies, which place more emphasis on social harmony and uniformity than on self-expression, Eom and his team assumed.
To examine what drives environmental action in individualistic and collectivistic cultures, the researchers conducted a study with participants from the United States (an individualistic culture) and Japan (a collectivistic culture). They found environmental concern was closely connected with environmental behavior — in this case, choosing environmentally friendly products — but only among American participants. On the other hand, believing that a large percentage of people engage in environmentally friendly behaviors was associated with making eco-friendly choices among Japanese participants, but not American participants.
The findings suggest that personal concerns are more likely to motivate people to take environmental action if they live in individualistic countries, while social norms (准则) are more likely to drive people to engage in environmentally friendly behavior if they live in collectivistic countries.
“Getting citizens actively engaged is critical to addressing urgent social challenges, such as climate change,” says Eom. “Our research suggests that scientists, policymakers, and activists need to understand how culture shapes the psychological factors of action to develop policies, campaigns, and interventions (干预) that address important social issues.”
1. What does Eom find about previous research on environmental behavior?| A．Its study participants are too limited. |
| B．Its results need a while to be achieved. |
| C．It prioritizes individuals’ attitudes and beliefs. |
| D．It draws much evidence from public discussion. |
| A．If he sees many others do so. |
| B．If he is affected by collectivistic values. |
| C．If he moves to an individualistic country. |
| D．If he worries about the environment personally. |
| A．It fails to take participants’ psychological factors into account. |
| B．It encourages scientists and policymakers to make joint efforts. |
| C．It has a further study direction towards urgent social challenges. |
| D．It provides insights into promoting public engagement in social issues. |
| A．Social Norms Play a Part in Addressing Pollution |
| B．Environmental Issues Originate from National Cultures |
| C．Motivating Eco-Friendly Behaviors Depends on Cultural Values |
| D．More Environmental Concerns Usually Mean More Green Action |
6 . There once was an ordinary street in the suburbs where no one cared much for their gardens. The lawns were overgrown, the weeds were taking over and the hedges(树篱)
It seemed too hard to clear all the gardens and no one could be
One person’s action showed everyone what could be achieved with a little hard work. It’s easy for us to
| A．slightly | B．desperately | C．barely | D．previously |
| A．And | B．So | C．But | D．For |
| A．taken | B．bothered | C．cooperated | D．devoted |
| A．tidy | B．delicate | C．familiar | D．awful |
| A．handed | B．stepped | C．dominated | D．settled |
| A．proud | B．distracted | C．neat | D．selfless |
| A．weeds | B．trees | C．soil | D．plants |
| A．planting | B．picking | C．watering | D．shaping |
| A．took over | B．paid off | C．turned down | D．gave away |
| A．Defeated | B．Obsessed | C．Enlarged | D．Confused |
| A．occasionally | B．legally | C．newly | D．carelessly |
| A．incredible | B．unique | C．horrible | D．unmotivated |
| A．intense | B．unappealing | C．recognised | D．optional |
| A．observe | B．mind | C．ignore | D．pollute |
| A．results in | B．figures out | C．makes up | D．takes in |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11 处起)不计分。
Dear officer,
I am writing to extend my sincerely gratitude to you. Since the middle of August, there have been frequent mountain fires in Chongqing, caused great damage. However, the rescue work is not easy due to the uncertain of the wind.
Fortunately, you come to our rescue immediately. Professional rescue teams, armed police, fire fighting and others rescue forces spared no efforts to put off the fire. What touched me most was that the volunteers joined in the rescue work regardless of the hot weather and burning ground. That occurred to me that but for your help, Chongqing could have returned to normal so soon.
Your commitment really means a lot of to us, and I do hope to have the opportunity to repay your selfish devotion.
8 . In the northernmost edge of Colombia sits the coastal town of Acandí. Access to the town is only by water or air; there is no road that leads there. The residents there are faced with the struggles of balancing livelihoods while protecting biodiversity.
In the past, traditional community fishing methods, passed down by the elders, focused on the reasonable fishing and management of resources. However, the introduction of large-scale trawling vessels(拖网渔船) decades ago gradually depleted the area’s fishing resources, leading to damage to marine(海洋的) life seriously.
Jesús Antonio Julio Cuestas, who serves in the region’s conservation and management of marine resources, stresses the bad impact of these developments and calls for new fishing techniques. “Fishing and conservation co-exist as long as we have good management practices and reasonable use of our fishing resources,” says Cuestas. He and other officials actively monitor fishing activities in Acandí. Each morning, they visit the fish markets to gather data on fishery resources—including prices and sizes—to monitor the state of the local fishing industry.
Along with Cuestas, the fishers work to reduce their impact on the marine ecosystem. By changing fishing methods and adopting new practices, they aim for a more balanced approach to fishing. “This year the local fishermen have not used the trawl net s that were causing the death of the leatherback sea turtles,” explains Cuestas proudly. Changes include the efforts of boats to protect the seagrass that serves as feeding grounds for marine life and an end to fishers throwing net s where turtles lay their eggs.
This marine reserve in Acandí, Cuestas believes, is their greatest treasure. He attaches great importance to working together with local residents to improve the quality of life while preserving the marine ecosystem. By doing so, he imagines a picture where individuals from the fishing community can pursue various careers, such as engineers or lawyers, proudly stating that they are the products of the fishing tradition in Acandí.
1. What does the underlined word “depleted” in paragraph 2 mean?| A．Reused. | B．Restored. |
| C．Explored. | D．Reduced. |
| A．To cut down on the costs of fishing. |
| B．To improve the income of local residents. |
| C．To promote the well-being of marine wildlife. |
| D．To spread traditional community fishing methods. |
| A．The aim of the changes to fishing methods. |
| B．The efforts to preserve marine ecosystem. |
| C．The results the trawl net s have brought about. |
| D．The impact of fishers on the local environment. |
| A．Confident. | B．Uncaring. |
| C．Concerned. | D．Doubtful. |
9 . Princess Louisa Inlet, a fjord (峡湾) lying 60 miles from Vancouver, Canada, is a spectacular stretch of remote wilderness. Accessible only by boat or by plane, the 3.7-mile-long area is popular with outdoor enthusiasts. Its forests are home to a wide variety of wildlife, including bears, mountain goats, and eagles. Now, thanks to a crowd-funding campaign, the land will be preserved forever for future generations to enjoy.
The chain of events began in June 2019, when three privately-owned land parcels, covering 3 miles of the waterfront and more than 2,000 acres of the inlet’s watershed, came up for sale. With several logging companies expressing interest, BC Parks Foundation knew they had to do something to save the property, which is home to millions of majestic cedar trees. Despite having “zero funds,” they agreed to acquire the land for US$ 2.3 million. Fortunately, the owners gave the nonprofit three months to come up with the money.
BC Parks Foundation CEO Andrew Day says, “We were very familiar with the beauty of the inlet and these properties in particular, and felt that it was really important to try to step in and see what we could do.” After much consideration, the nonprofit decided to reach out to the general public through a crowd-funding campaign. To their surprise and delight, money started spreading in from people worldwide.
But despite the support, on August 28, 2019 — the day of the sale deadline — the nonprofit was still short US$ 75,000. Just as the officials were losing all hope, a businessman from Vancouver stepped in with the funds. He said, “These protected areas are our crown jewels, and I think it is madness to consider letting them go for short-term economic gain when they provide much more for all the time in future. In 100 years, will future citizens look back and wish we had created more parks or cut down more wood?”
1. What do we know about Princess Louisa Inlet?| A．Very few people have visited it. |
| B．It proves inconvenient to arrive. |
| C．Wild species are abundant. |
| D．People there live a hard life. |
| A．They had a keen business mind. |
| B．They thought more about the future. |
| C．They gained the support of the owners. |
| D．They hoped to save these precious trees. |
| A．The protected areas are of great value. |
| B．He has been active in protecting wildlife. |
| C．He has suffered short-term economic gain. |
| D．Future citizens might be grateful for our actions. |
| A．Science. | B．Environment. | C．Health. | D．Travel. |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I signed up for a competition on garbage sorting on the Monday and I participated in the first round, a written test. Though there was many candidates, I succeeded entering the final with another student from my class. Last Friday where the final was held, my classmate and I played with the participants from other four classes, and answers all of the questions accurately. Finally, we won out! We were extremely happy what we brought honor to our class. When interviewing by the school TV station after the award ceremony, I expressed my prides in protecting our environment. The competition not only broadened my knowledge on the garbage sorting and increased the awareness of environmentally protection.
