1 . By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener due to a warming climate, according to a new study.

At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton, which create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.

Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend, which can easily affect phytoplankton growth.

Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener.

And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.

Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. Dutkiewicz said, “The change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”

1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?

A．The various patterns at the ocean surface.

B．The cause of the changes in ocean colour.

C．The tiny marine organisms in the oceans.

D．The current condition of warming climate.

2. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Sensitive.

B．Beneficial.

C．Significant.

D．Unnoticeable.

3. What can we learn from the passage?

A．Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.

B．Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes.

C．Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.

D．Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.

4. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.

B．To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.

C．To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.

D．To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.

3 . 短文改错

The environment pollution was more and more serious today. We have no clean water to drink it because of water pollution. And when trees cut down, some animals disappear. There is more and more dirty smoke in the air. People’s health has been great affected by air, noise and water pollution. Many people have died of diseases causing by pollution. In order to live the better life, it’s time for us to protect our world. We should recycle, reduce and reuse things, what saves money and reduces pollution. Use things so long as possible. Don’t use plastic bag. Besides, we must plant more trees and stop people cutting it down. We hope our world will be more and more beautiful.

6 . My sister Alice and I have been trying to get people to stop dropping cigarette butts (烟头) for seven years. One day, we were walking in our hometown and saw hundreds of cigarette butts on the ground. They made the town look so ugly that we decided to start a group to make people stop dropping butts. We called it “No Butts About It”.

At first, we drew pictures with “The Earth is not your ashtray (烟灰缸)” written on them. We put the pictures around our boomtown--in parks, by beaches, and along roads. We wanted to make people understand that dropping butts hurts the environment. Most smokers don’t think that dropping butts hurts the Earth. But it does, and all rubbish does!

Later, we wrote to companies and asked them for money to help us. We used the money to buy ashtrays to give to smokers. We wanted smokers to carry the ashtrays with them so they didn’t have to drop butts.

At the moment, we are trying to get cigarette companies to put an ashtray in each pack of cigarettes. Some companies want to do it. Many people have started to join our group since it began. Today there are 45 other “No Butts About It” groups in America

Now there are even groups in England, Australia, and India! Many newspapers have written about my sister and me over the last seven years. And we have won many prizes for what we have done. But we are not interested in prizes. We just want to make the Earth a better an cleaner place for animals, plants and people.

One day, it will be.

1. What did the writer think about the cigarette butts?

A．They made the town smelly.	B．They made the town dirty.
C．They made the town tidy.	D．They made the town unique.

2. What did they do to stop people dropping butts?

A．They picked up the cigarette butts.

B．They stopped people buying cigarettes.

C．They gave ashtrays to the smokers.

D．They drew pictures of town scenery.

3. What can we learn about the text?

A．No companies wanted to support them.

B．There are only 45 “No Butts About It” groups.

C．Alice and I like to be on newspapers and win prizes.

D．They believe the Earth will be better and cleaner.

4. What can be the best tide for the text?

A．Save Our Town From Cigarette Butts

B．Cigarette Butts Destroying Countries

C．Buy Yourself An Ashtray

D．No Butts Prize

8 . 假定英语课上老师要求 同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句 中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Plastic bags can be found everywhere, that results in a great waste of resources and heavy environmentally pollution.

Luckily, the government has put a nationwide ban the use of free plastic bags, demanding all stores and supermarkets not provided customers with free plastic bags. The rule will undoubtedly reduce the use of plastic bags and enhance the aware of environmental protection.

As students, we should do your part to cut back on the use of plastic bags. For example, we had better to have meals in our canteen instead of bring food back with plastic bags. It is also high advocated that we should turn to cloth bags or shopping baskets from then on.

9 . Farming is destroying the planet, but there could be a much more environmentally friendly way to feed ourselves: using renewable energy to turn carbon dioxide into food. “This is becoming a reality,” says Pasi Vainikka at Solar Foods, a company that is building the first commercial-scale factory that will be able to make food directly from CO2.

There can be no doubt that immediate attention to find greener ways to grow food is required. Conventional agriculture, including organic farming, causes damage to the environment in many ways. It requires a lot of land, leading to habitat loss and deforestation. It is also the source of a third of all greenhouse gas emissions and releases other pollutants. It isn’t very efficient, either. Crops typically transform less than 1 percent of light energy into usable biomass (生物量).

Instead, Solar Foods plans to avoid photosynthesis (光合作用) altogether, and grow bacteria that use hydrogen as their source of energy. At the factory, renewable electricity will be used to split water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen will be added to large containers, where the bacteria grow, along with CO2 and ammonia (氨气). The end result will be a yellow powder called Solein.

Solein is made of bacterial cells and is up to 70 percent protein. It can be used as an ingredient in all kinds of foods. “We are aiming at replacing animal-sourced proteins, which we think have the highest environmental impact,” says Vainikka.

Compared with plant crops, Solein will use 100 times less water per kilogram of protein produced, 20 times less land and emit a fifth as much CO2, according to Solar Foods. There are other benefits, too: factories could be situated anywhere in the world and production won’t be affected by weather conditions.

“With Solar Foods and other companies scaling up their systems, this is truly beginning a new era of agriculture,” says Dorian Leger at Connectomix Bio in Germany. “I think these trends are exciting and will help bend the carbon curve as well as lead to improved global food supply security.”

1. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning conventional agriculture in paragraph 2?

A．To demonstrate its influence on crops.

B．To compare different farming methods.

C．To highlight the urgent need for alternatives.

D．To provide an example of agricultural types.

2. What is mainly presented in paragraph 3 concerning Solein?

A．Its production process.	B．Its storage condition.
C．Its ingredient materials.	D．Its investment potential.

3. What is one of the features of Solein?

A．It is low in protein.	B．Its production is weather sensitive.
C．It is resource-limited.	D．Its production is location-independent.

4. Which statement would Dorian Leger probably agree with?

A．The use of Solein may help reduce carbon emissions.

B．Solein will dominate the agricultural development.

C．Solein can help achieve global food safety.

D．The prospect of Solein remains to be seen.

10 . 任务型阅读

One late afternoon, Tina was driving on a highway when a severe snowstorm hit with no sign before. In a short time, the heavy snow, coupled with the strong wind, turned everything into white and made the road extremely dangerous.

Tina later found out that this kind of storm is called a “Saskatchewan screamer”, which comes on extremely fast with high winds. It’s really frightening and deadly to be caught in such extreme weather.

Unable to see the road clearly, Tina had to stop her car and call 911. The operator told her that phone calls for help kept flooding in and all the rescuers had been called out. She suggested that Tina should wait out the storm in her car rather than risk driving on or going out. She took Tina’s information and told her that an officer would call her back. Tina waited anxiously for almost two hours, but nobody called her yet to check in. “The storm showed no sign of stopping. What was worse, it was getting dark. I couldn’t see anything outside the car since the snow had covered all the windows. The wind was still howling and the temperature was getting lower and lower in the car. I had no idea whom I could turn to for help,” Tina later wrote in a Facebook post. “Alone and cold，I began to panic, worrying about getting hit by an oncoming vehicle, getting buried in a snowbank, having my tailpipe blocked by the snow... I was really worried I couldn’t ever make it home to my family."

That was when Tina realized that it was no use waiting passively for help. She decided to do something herself. So she took out her cellphone, logged on to the Google Map and determined her location. She found online a neighborhood Facebook group for the area that she was passing through and shared a comment about her trouble with her location marked on the map. Then all she could do next was sitting in the car, praying someone could make a response to her as early as possible.

Fortunately, Tina’s request reached 80-year-old retired rescuer Frank.

1. 根据文本内容从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填入文本图示中，每词限用一次，两词为多余选项。

request        die               succeed               luck                 call                  pray warn            worry            wait                    failure             adjust             decide
Tina was driving on a highway when a snowstorm hit without ________ . Tina found the storm ________ a "Saskatchewan screamer comes on extremely fast with high winds.		It is really frightening and ________ to be caught in such extreme weather.
Tina a called 911 and the operator suggested her ________ out the storm in her car. Tina waited ________ for almost two hours but ________ to get the response.		The weather conditions got worse and worse. Tina worried if she could go back home ________.
Tina made a ________ to do something for herself. She uploaded a comment about her trouble with location.		Then she just sat in the car and ________ someone could make a response as soon as possible.
________, Tina’s request reached 80-year old retired rescuer Frank.		……

2. What was the major problem Tina faced?
__________________________________________________________________________
3. After waiting for almost 2 hours who would help her? Then what did she decide to do?
__________________________________________________________________________
4. Was it easy for Frank to rescue Tina? Why?
__________________________________________________________________________
5. What will Tina think of the experience and Frank?
__________________________________________________________________________