1 . There’s a long line of research showing that when we make contact with people who’re socially different from us, we tend to feel less prejudice towards them. According to the contact theory, contact seems to work best for reducing prejudice when the contact is generally positive. But what happens when the conditions for interpersonal contact may not be ideal? For example, what if you feel threatened in some way by a group of people you see as “the other”?
Researchers from Ghent University in Belgium analyzed the results of 34 studies surveying nearly 64,000 people from 19 countries to see how intergroup contact affected their viewpoints about “outgroups” under conflict situations. For example, people were asked to report on how they viewed other groups. The researchers also had data from the surveys that measured attitudes towards outgroup members, such as how positive people felt towards them and how much they could trust them.
After analyzing the data, the researchers found strong feelings of threat were associated with more negative views of outgroup members. But having contact with outgroup members still reduced prejudice just as much under those unfavorable conditions. To Jasper Van Assche, the lead author of the paper, this suggests contact theory holds even under conflict situations.
Van Assche says that contact is so powerful probably because just being around people from an outgroup affects how we think and feel about them. As we become accustomed to even the me re presence of people from other groups, that can reduce our anxiety, especially if the encounters are positive—and that can lead to warmer feelings. Also, contact can enhance our knowledge about others’ customs and practices, so that they don’t seem so foreign or “other” to us.
Van Assche hopes his research can lead people to see the benefits of integrating the spaces where they live. This could be done through top-down methods, such as the government requiring school integration, but also from the bottom up. For example, suggests Van Assche, communities could create low-cost, low-key events that bring people together, helping to promote tolerance.
1. Why are the questions raised in paragraph 1?A.To inspire readers’ imagination. | B.To argue against the contact theory. |
C.To show the author’s curiosity. | D.To offer the purpose of the study. |
A.It improves people’s adaptive capacity. | B.It increases people’s desire to socialize. |
C.It promotes each other’s understanding. | D.It makes people emotionally stable. |
A.Expanding communities on the whole. |
B.Increasing chances of positive contact. |
C.Strengthening interactions between schools. |
D.Offering equal education opportunities to diverse groups. |
A.People involved in equal contact are generally positive | B.Opportunities for intergroup contact are on the rise |
C.The interventions based on contact are unhealthy | D.Interpersonal contact can help people connect |
2 . Saying “thank you” when you receive an unexpected gift is all well and good, but how can you get a little creative with your appreciation? As it turns out, there are plenty of ways to express your gratitude to others while remaining gracious and sincere.
I appreciate this.
You’ve made my day! Show them that their gifts turned your day around. Telling someone that they made your day will make the giver feel that their gifts are much more meaningful and worthwhile.
It’s like you read my mind! Thank you. Compliment (恭维) their gift-giving skills.
A.I’m extremely astonished |
B.When someone gives you a gift |
C.If people choose to spend time with you |
D.It is impolite of you to say those words |
E.You may receive gifts from others in daily life |
F.Be specific about what you appreciate and why |
G.They’ll be pleased that they were able to make you smile |
3 . As a professional life and relationship coach, Allison Cowan has over 21 years of experience in teaching and supporting others to achieve their goals. She has dedicated her career to helping her clients gain power and awareness in their lives.
As a coach, Allison inspires her clients to overcome obstacles and achieve goals. However, her practice has come with its own share of challenges. Expanding her knowledge to meet diverse client needs has involved lots of trial-and-error searching.
Initially, Allison spent a hard time building strong and trustworthy relationships with her clients. She knew trust was critical to finding and retaining clients but was frustrated at how long the trust-building process takes.
Allison soon learned that there was no single right way to coach. To meet her clients’ different needs, she needed to become more efficient at supporting their diverse learning styles. To overcome her challenges as a coach and offer better service, she began looking for ways to customize her coaching solutions.
During her search, Allison realized Positive Psychology is a field with many different goals. “It covers so many areas, including whatever a client may go through,” she recalled. Later, she began using self-reflection tools to help her clients develop self-acceptance and self-forgiveness. She even discovered a way to help clients without a coaching goal find their purposes. She said, “There’s a lot of blame. The more they stay in blame mode, the more angry they are, and they are not able to move forward with acceptance and forgiveness. But we can find solutions in Positive Psychology.”
Whether Allison was helping clients build self-confidence, understand their attachment styles, or reframe their challenges, she quickly found that she was also learning all the time. By completing the homework Allison assigned to them, her clients were also changing. They were more engaged with their coaching and making more significant progress between their sessions. That made Allison proud. She said, “They grow and move forward at a quicker pace. That’s what coaching is about.”
1. Why is Allison’s initial trouble mentioned in the text?A.To show her special efforts. | B.To stress her defeated career. |
C.To prove the difficulty in coaching. | D.To give the reason for setting goals. |
A.She used the same coaching ways to teach them. |
B.She coached them according to their own needs. |
C.She tried her best to change their learning styles. |
D.She helped them overcome their challenges in life. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Unclear. |
C.Supportive. | D.Dismissive. |
A.Allison’s clients misunderstood what coaching is about. |
B.Allison learned to build self-confidence all the time. |
C.Allison’s clients helped her complete homework. |
D.Allison and her clients benefited each other. |
4 . Think about that. If you are anything like me, you struggle to ask for help when you need it. It’s something a lot of humans battle with. You don’t want to be a burden on others. You are afraid to speak up, or want to prove that you can do it yourself.
You don’t ask for help when you don’t know how to do something or can’t manage it on your own, because you might be afraid of looking stupid or incompetent. You might pretend like you know what you’re doing when you’re really drowning. Perhaps you think asking for help is a sign of weakness; that if you ask for help you’re admitting you’re inadequate in some way; that you lack knowledge, skill or experience to do something yourself. You don’t want anyone to see that you’re struggling and you want people to think that you’re in control and can handle things.
There are tons of reason you won’t ask for help, but not to do so can be a mistake. You get in your own way if you make asking for help mean something negative about you when it doesn’t. Asking for help doesn’t mean you’re stupid or inadequate. It simply means you need help with something specific for a time.
Confident people often ask others for help. They do so not only because they’re secure enough to let it be known they need help, but they know that trying to do everything themselves is not always the best use of their time, skills or energy. They recognize it can leave them feeling overwhelmed and stressed and then they can’t do things properly. Confident people find someone who’s good at what they need to learn or get done and then ask for their help and guidance. They know that asking, “Can you help me?” shows respect for the other person’s knowledge and abilities. Otherwise, they wouldn’t ask.
1. What is the author’s personality like?A.He shows great love to others. | B.He hesitates to ask others for help. |
C.He looks down upon other people. | D.He dislikes those who pretend to know. |
A.Indifferent. | B.Unqualified. | C.Determined. | D.Devoted. |
A.offer help to other people | B.respect others’ abilities |
C.promote their abilities | D.turn to others for help |
A.advise us to learn more knowledge | B.encourage us to bravely ask for help |
C.show our respect to the people around us | D.encourage us to be more confident in our life |
5 . If you’re not sure which relationships to prioritize (优先考虑), here are some types of people to keep close.
It’s essential that we can trust the people around us. Honesty is not just about someone refraining from lying or coming forward when they screw up. It’s also about finding a way to tell us truths that we don’t want to hear. It’s important to be around individuals who will call us out when we are wrong or heading down a path that they know is not leading to a destination we want.
People who make space for your emotions. Many people are good at having stimulating conversations but lack the emotional availability needed to make space for how we feel. We all need individuals who respect our feelings understand that sometimes all we need is to be heard.
People who model qualities you admire, understand and accept you, and show up authentically are also valuable.
Let’s remember to apply these criteria to every type of relationship in our life.
A.People who tell us lies |
B.People who tell us the truth |
C.People who encourage and support you |
D.Find people who are not satisfied with everything you do |
E.They will sit with us through the hard or painful moments |
F.Our time is valuable, so spend it with people who deserve it |
G.Find people who areas happy about your wins as they would be about their own |
6 . How to Teach Confidence
While it might seem like some people are just born confident, confidence is largely an acquired skill.
Model confident behavior far people.
If you’re trying to improve someone’s confidence, be a model for how they should behave in a confident way.
Praise small accomplishments to raise a person’s self-worth.
If you’re trying to build someone’s confidence, start small. Each accomplishment they complete is a cause for celebration, even if it seems small. Be happy for your friends, kids, or students.
Give specific praise so people know what they did well.
A specific praise is better than a simple “You did well”.
Start with a positive statement before correcting something.
A.Instead, tell the person exactly what they did well. |
B.It’s something you can model and teach other people. |
C.You may have to point out where someone needs to improve. |
D.Instead of feeling criticized, the person will know you’re sincere. |
E.Act confident around them and in your interpersonal interactions. |
F.Your positive energy will teach them to celebrate their achievements. |
G.You might show someone’s strengths to help them see the bright side. |
7 . Everybody wants to hang out with fun people. Nobody wants to be classified as “boring”. It’s just that some of us need a little help in this department. Being fun to hang out with fun people starts with developing healthy self-esteem (自尊) , an adventurous spirit, and a kind personality.
Be confident.
Show interest. Listen and show kindness to others during conversation. If people think they can talk to you about anything, they’ll invite you to hang out more often.
Smile. Looking the part of a fun person is half the battle, and it’s not even really much of a battle because once you get the hang of it, smiling just becomes a reflex, and an attractive one at that.
Learn how to “hang out”.
A.Be positive |
B.Hold the conversation |
C.Don’t control the conversation |
D.Have a healthy sense of self or good self-esteem |
E.Hanging out means the same thing to every person |
F.All of this will make you an ideal person to hang out with |
G.Hanging out can mean different things to different people |
8 . On a cold night in January 2020, two police officers were on duty in Norcross, Georgia. They
Sergeant Nick Boney and Officer Jimmy Wilson are seen
On the way to the woman’s apartment, Boney said he was
Although Boney and Wilson have
A.moved | B.placed | C.followed | D.spotted |
A.flowers | B.gifts | C.balloons | D.cakes |
A.help | B.drive | C.hike | D.ride |
A.thanks to | B.as to | C.except for | D.regardless of |
A.deed | B.word | C.position | D.heart |
A.announcing | B.crying | C.singing | D.shouting |
A.department | B.apartment | C.studio | D.stadium |
A.entertainment | B.cheer | C.congratulation | D.celebration |
A.disturbed | B.embarrassed | C.astonished | D.inspired |
A.house | B.police station | C.warehouse | D.store |
A.evaluation | B.assumption | C.prediction | D.decision |
A.turn | B.hope | C.case | D.event |
A.accepted | B.earned | C.assessed | D.demanded |
A.helping out | B.preparing | C.taking | D.dealing |
A.credit | B.pride | C.fortune | D.hesitation |
A.expects | B.experiences | C.exchanges | D.exhibits |
A.dreaming of | B.looking for | C.caring for | D.believing in |
A.focus on | B.take for granted | C.work on | D.take care |
A.special | B.official | C.general | D.practical |
A.that | B.what | C.how | D.why |
9 . Recently at the airport, I was leaving Portland, Oregon, to fly to Los Angeles. Because of the stormy weather, most flights were
As they
Suddenly, a woman walked up to this man and said that she wasn’t in a
Of course, the man never knew the airline got that woman on another flight
A.prepared | B.booked | C.confirmed | D.postponed |
A.busy | B.surprised | C.puzzled | D.annoyed |
A.determined | B.scheduled | C.supposed | D.conducted |
A.announced | B.finished | C.compared | D.reached |
A.looking up to | B.breaking away from | C.running up to | D.standing up against |
A.unfortunately | B.usually | C.quickly | D.probably |
A.cried | B.apologized | C.left | D.struggled |
A.meeting | B.blanket | C.seat | D.meal |
A.available | B.acceptable | C.cruel | D.familiar |
A.polite | B.illegal | C.obvious | D.inappropriate |
A.singing | B.shouting | C.laughing | D.whispering |
A.on time | B.in touch | C.in comfort | D.with pride |
A.catch | B.take | C.miss | D.imagine |
A.mess | B.line | C.way | D.hurry |
A.stopped | B.jumped | C.waited | D.continued |
A.forgave | B.appreciated | C.thanked | D.charged |
A.relief | B.silence | C.honor | D.caution |
A.even | B.ever | C.also | D.just |
A.desire | B.reward | C.sympathy | D.award |
A.success | B.wealth | C.happiness | D.knowledge |
10 . As the saying goes,you want something done, give it to a busy person. There's truth to it. So what is it about those people that have a million things to do and don't get stressed out?
Prioritizing (优先考虑) sleep, eating right, and exercise
One of my friends has a simple recipe for a successful day , " Make your biggest meal breakfast, then cut down the rest of the day.Exercise every morning, make it part of the routine."He's asleep by 9 p.m. and at the gym the following morning by 6. He has a clear head and is ready for what the world throws at him
Avoiding drama
Gossiping might be interesting for a moment, but it rarely makes the speaker feel good. And what goes around will hit you in the face.
Doers know how to replenish (补充). Busy people know when they're running low on energy, and how to replenish. They know if they need to be social, have a rest, be in nature,or catch up on Netflix.They don't wait until they get sick,or depressed, they can see that their tank is on empty and they know how to fill it.
Calling out sick
The most effective people stay home with the flu. They know when they've got a real cold, and they gave it in.
A.Filling your own bucket |
B.Doers make change happen |
C.Low-stress people don't gossip |
D.Find out the morning habits of successful people |
E.Here are the signs your relationship is solid as a rock |
F.Here are some secrets from the life coach who helps guide you |
G.They know the sooner they get some sleep , the sooner they'll heal |