2 . Meeting strangers is probably one of most people’s biggest fears, only second to speaking in front of a crowd. Thankfully, it doesn’t have to be an experience as scary as you might think.     1     .

Go out alone. Don’t always go to events with a friend or family member.     2     . If you go with someone you’re familiar with, you’re more likely to stay and talk to the person you already know rather than try to talk with strangers.

    3     . Most people’s favorite topics are about themselves. Even if you don’t have an interesting icebreaker, you can always ask people to talk about themselves—they’ll be more than happy to oblige you. For example: ask what they do for a living, where they’re from, or what they studied in school.     4     . They’ll be excited to share their hobbies, and you might find that you have something in common!

Don’t be embarrassed if you’re visibly nervous. If your voice cracks or your handshake is sweaty, laugh it off. If you’re an amateur comedian and can make it into a joke, point it out and get people laughing with you. If it’s something that makes you feel less confident, just ignore it. Everyone gets nervous sometimes, so push past and continue on with the conversation.     5     .

A．Start by introducing yourself.

B．Encourage people to talk about themselves.

C．People can come to you when you’re alone.

D．By going alone, you’re forced to meet other people.

E．Don’t let it embarrass you enough that you have to walk away.

F．These few easy tips will help you talk with strangers more comfortably.

G．If you get someone talking about their interests, eventually you’ll see their true personalities come out.

3 . Imagine you’re talking to someone and find a big piece of green thing in their teeth after lunch. Are you g ping to tell him/her? It can feel awkward to tell somebody they have something in their teeth, or elsewhere.    1    

Beyond issues related to a person’s appearance, feedback is also vital for learning and growth.    2    

In workplaces, feedback from managers can improve performance. We also give feedback in our personal lives. like telling our partners the dish they cooked was too hot.    3    We might feel embarrassed or cautious that the feedback could upset the person receiving it, or even harm our relationship with them. Besides, some researchers assume that another reason why we may be unwilling to give feedback is that we don’t realize how valuable it is to the person receiving it. They did an experiment in which they found while less than half of the feedback givers wanted to provide feedback when given a choice, 86% of people wanted to receive feedback, showing there is a gap between giving and wanting. Particularly, the receivers thought the feedback was highly valuable.    4    

Finally, we should still be careful about immediately or eagerly telling anyone and everyone how they can improve     5    In many cases, asking someone if they would like you-feedback can be a good start.

A．So what are proper; ways to-provide feedbacks?

B．There’s no doubt many of us avoid giving feedback.

C．Students need feedback so they can improve their grades.

D．So why are we sometimes unwilling to provide feedback elsewhere?

E．Constant and eager feedbacks have a significant impact on the receivers.

F．Constructive feedback should be specific, actionable and delivered in a timely fashion.

G．Therefore, we can see that many people are unwilling to provide feedback on account of their failing to appreciate its value.

4 . How to communicate effectively?

No matter your age or background, effective communication is a valuable skill. It’s also a skill that everyone can learn. Knowing how to communicate well comes in handy when it’s time for a heart-to-heart chat with a friend. Skillful communication can even turn a potential fight into a productive talk. The finest leaders have always been good communicators, whether in education, business or politics.    1    

Remove distraction.

Turn off the television, laptop and any other electronics that could distract from communication. If a call or text comes through on your cellphone when you are talking or listening to someone, turn it off without looking at it.    2     It can easily ruin your efforts to communicate.

    3    

Never try to be amusing at the expense of other people. Whether you mean to or not, disrespecting others will hurt the communication process. If you’re unsure if something is appropriate, you probably shouldn’t say it.

Communicate eye-to-eye.

Eye contact is the most important form of body language. It shows interest and helps convince people that you can be trusted. During a conversation, it is important to meet others’eyes, using just as much eye contact as feels natural.    4    Too much eye contact is seen as rude in certain cultures, and meeting eyes can cause some people who have autism to feel very uncomfortable.

Use “I” messages.

When raising concerns, try to start your sentences with “I” instead of “You”, stating clearly how you feel about the situation rather than blaming others. Instead of saying “You’re sloppy,” you might say, “I’m really uncomfortable surrounded by clutter like this. Is there something we can do to deal with it to keep it from being a problem?” “ I”messages improve the chances that listeners will consider your point of view.

Effective communication is a powerful tool that is useful in almost any situation.    5    

A．There are some exceptions, though.

B．Organize and clarify ideas in your mind.

C．Be respectful of other beliefs and cultures.

D．Interrupting a conversation shows a lack of respect.

E．With some practice, you can learn how to communicate well, too.

F．It’s important to choose a setting that makes everyone comfortable.

G．Developing this skill will improve your relationships everywhere you go.

5 . How to Be a Good Roommate

Living with other people can be difficult, especially when each person comes from a different background and has their own ideas about how they want to live. Though having a roommate can be challenging at times, it can also be enjoyable and fun.     1    

You can discuss your expectations ahead of time. Get together before or on the first day you move in together and talk about what each of you needs and wants from the other.     2     This applies to finances, food, clothes, possessions, use of common areas and so on.

You should agree to respect each other’s privacy. This is especially important.     3     For instance, you may not mind if your roommate comes into your room unannounced, but they might find you to be very rude for doing so. You should talk about these kinds of things so that you know what to expect from each other.

    4     Say hello and goodbye, ask them how their day was, and show interest in their life. Getting to know the person you live with helps you understand their perspective, and allows them to understand yours. It also makes it easier to deal with problems that you have with that person if you’ve already developed a harmonious relationship with them.

You can also be considerate of your roommate in your life. Understand what’s going on in your roommate’s life. You should aim to be flexible and accommodating. Your roommate may have a big test coming up.     5     If your roommate is busy and stressed with their job, give them some time and space to relax and unwind.

A．You can discuss each of your preferences for privacy.

B．Spending time with your roommate is also important.

C．This is your best chance to set boundaries with your roommate.

D．Make sure that everyone is clear on the rules and responsibilities.

E．This is what you should know to respect your roommate’s privacy.

F．Then in this case you should probably be quiet and let them study.

G．The following steps will help you live in harmony with your roommate.

6 . Researchers set up an experiment in which 5-year-olds were tested with their fellows under different circumstances of transparency (透明) and different audiences. They set up a sticker machine that in some settings was transparent, and other settings in which only the giver of stickers knew how many stickers he could give. They had children give out stickers in both settings. The results were striking: children were consistently generous only when the receiver and audience of the stickers were fully aware of the donation options. Children were notably ungenerous when the receiver of stickers couldn’t see the options.

The researchers said, “Children only showed consistently pro-social behavior in our study in the condition when they could see the receiver and their allocations (分配物) were fully visible; in all other conditions, children were statistically ungenerous, giving the receiver the smaller amount of stickers.”

They made the conclusions that at a very early age, children are learning how to position themselves socially. Well before they apprehend the sociology of their networks and what social reputation really means, they think strategically about giving as a function of how they can gain a reputation with a peer as a generous citizen or pro-social agent when the receiver observes them.

Children change their behavior in response to having an audience. Help children give to others in full view, delivering meals to families, and in private, dropping off treats or surprises for those who need support without signing their names. Also, children should be reminded that thank-you notes are lovely but unnecessary to receive. When we give gifts or lend help to others, try to help children remember why—to provide something for another. It really doesn’t have to be recognized. When a thank-you card doesn’t come, it doesn’t make a gift any less valuable or meaningful for those who were lucky enough to receive.

1. What did the researchers discover?

A．The givers’ behavior greatly inspired the receivers to help in return.

B．The children gave out an equal number of stickers in both settings.

C．The presence of an audience affected children’s decisions to give.

D．Donating helped children to become more generous in the future.

2. Which is pro-social behavior according to the researchers?

A．Observing the givers.	B．Donating more stickers.
C．Gaining a reputation.	D．Receiving more allocations.

3. What does the underlined word “apprehend” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A．Share.

B．Predict.

C．Confirm.

D．Understand.

4. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?

A．To suggest recognizing others’ kindness.	B．To acknowledge the giver’s contribution.
C．To confirm the benefits of being grateful.	D．To advise inspiring generosity in children.

7 . We’ve all been in a position where life gets busy, schedules are difficult to coordinate and connecting with friends feels harder than ever. With some friendships, we may lose touch and want to reconnect. However，the more time that passes, the more uncertain it can feel if they want to hear from us.

A recent study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology says it’s time to reach out. Researchers found numerous benefits when reaching out to friends and old acquaintances. Especially if you’re unsure of how well they’ll receive hearing from you. The study, led by Dr Peggy Liu, is called The Surprise of Reaching Out: Appreciated More Than We Think. In the study, researchers posed the question: Do people accurately understand how much other people value being reached out to by someone in their social circle? To answer this question, researchers carried out 13 experiments with more than 5,900 participants. In the experiments, researchers measured how much people estimated their friends or acquaintances would appreciate them reaching out versus how much those on the receiving end did appreciate it. They also examined different forms of communication-phone calls, texts, emails, notes or even small gifts—and their impact.

Over the series of experiments, experts discovered a similar trend: those reaching out significantly underestimated how much their friends would appreciate hearing from them. Plus, the more unexpected the communication was, the more the friend on the receiving end appreciated it. “People are fundamentally social beings and enjoy connecting with others,” the researchers wrote.

In fact, what made these moments of reaching out so impactful was the effort they showed—no matter the form of communication. Dr Amie Gordon, a social psychologist at the University of Michigan, emphasises the importance of small moments and making efforts in relationships in a Psychology Today article. “In a busy life, these little moments might feel just like that—little moments that don’t really matter ... But each moment we ignore is a missed opportunity to connect and build up an emotional bank of positive moments.”

The science is clear—people appreciate the effort we put into our friendships. And we greatly underestimate it. One phenomenon that may explain why those who reached out underestimated their positive impact is because of “the liking gap”. Psychologist Terri Apter writes in Psychology Today that the liking gap is a tendency to “how we often underestimate other’s responses to us”, and the reality that other people like us more than we may think.

1. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ______.

A．state some disturbing problems

B．present the background of the following topic

C．introduce the theme of his argument

D．make comparisons between different opinions

2. What could be inferred from the experiments according to the text?

A．The way of communication matters in reconnecting with friends.

B．An unexpected calling to an acquaintance will not be highly valued.

C．People tend to appreciate hearing from friends more than reaching out to them.

D．We are more well-liked and well-received than we expect in our friendships.

3. Why does the author mention Dr. Amie Gordon in paragraph 4?

A．To present the discovery of the study.

B．To support the findings theoretically.

C．To explain the causes of losing friendships.

D．To make suggestions about the topic.

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．Estimate Friendships in a Scientific Way

B．Appreciate Being Reached Out to by friends

C．Remove the Misunderstanding between Friends

D．Don’t Hesitate to Reconnect with Your Old Friends