In a world today of immense technology, population growth and economic flourish, planning for future residential (适合居住的) and commercial developments needs careful analysis with well thought through assumptions about effects on the environment and the people of the community.
One example of a growing city is Wooster, Ohio, my place of residency, Wooster in the last five years has grown considerably in population, leading to a growth in commercial business. Surrounded by farmland, Wooster’s planning commission chose to extend the community into these farm areas in the form of residential and commercial areas.
Picture this—corn fields, old trees, clean air, country roads, and wildlife are all part of the area. Within four years, the people living on this farm step outside on their front porch to view an extensive shopping center containing Wal-Mart, McDonald’s, Wendy’s, TCBY, and a Cinemark movie theatre. The once quiet road is now a city street with traffic lights, busy with automobiles day and night. The air smells of car exhaust and fast food.
Some destruction of farmland is unavoidable when a city expands. Instead of expanding outward, planning commissions should consider interior (内部的) remodeling of a city. Tearing down unusable buildings could remodel many areas inside the city. In addition, commercialized buildings could extend upwards to avoid unnecessary use of land.
Environmentally, commercial expansion is harmful to the land. Besides forms of pollution, wildlife, including both plants and animals, is put at risk. A planning commission could have realized the benefits of environmental protection. Why not preserve the beauty and naturalness of the land while at the same time allowing for growth?
With a steady growth of population and the need for more homes and more workplaces, many problems arise when planning for the future. The hillsides, fields and animal habitats need to be preserved while expanding cities. In the future, a world covered with concrete and asphalt (沥青) could become reality. Serious research and analysis are needed when planning for the future of our home communities and for the entire globe to avoid such a miserable result.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.| A．it is unavoidable to destroy farmland when a city grows |
| B．Wooster used to be a quiet and peaceful city surrounded by farmland |
| C．with many nationwide shopping centers, Wooster lost its uniqueness |
| D．commercial expansion has done no harm to Wooster |
| A．has tried its best to protect the environment |
| B．preserves the hillsides and fields |
| C．should have avoided such a tragedy |
| D．is the cause of environmental pollution |
| A．Planning for future residential and commercial developments has bad effects on the environment and the living things. |
| B．With a safety growth of population, more homes and more workplaces are needed. |
| C．With immense technology, population growth and economic prosperity, we need to plan for the future. |
| D．When planning for future developments, effects on the environment should be taken into account. |
| A．Critical (批评的). | B．Favorable. |
| C．Objective (客观的). | D．Depressed. |
2 . Like all big cities, Paris has a traffic problem: lots of cars, lots of traffic jams and lots of pollution from exhaust fumes (废气). So the city began a project to improve the situation.
Under the Velib project (‘Velib’ comes from velo liberty, or ‘bicycle freedom’) people can take a bicycle, use it for as long as they want, and then leave it at the same or another bicycle station. The first half-hour on the bike is free, but if you don’t return it after 30 minutes, you have to pay. But it’s only €1 a day or €29 a year! The bicycles are heavy (25 kg), and they are all gray and have baskets. There are about 20,000 of them in the city, and around 1,450 bicycle stations. So there are a lot more Velib stations than the 298 subway stations!
Paris is not the first city to have a project like this. But not everybody thinks it’s a great idea. One Parisian said, “These bicycles are only for short journeys. If people want to travel across the city, they won’t use a bicycle - they’ll still use their cars.”
A city spokesman said, “The bicycle project won’t solve all our traffic problems, of course. But it might help reduce air pollution. Traffic, together with factory fumes, is a big problem. There aren’t any simple answers to traffic problems and pollution in cities. But unless we do something now, there will be more traffic jams and temperatures will continue to rise, so the problems in our environment will get worse. The bikes might help people to lead a healthier life, too.”
1. What can we learn about the Velib project?| A．Its bikes have no baskets. | B．Its bikes are light and colorful. |
| C．It aims to make traveling easier. | D．It owns more stations than the subway. |
| A．Free. | B．€1. |
| C．€29. | D．€30. |
| A．The cost is rather high. |
| B．It’s hard to find a Velib station. |
| C．It’s not suitable for a long journey. |
| D．The distance between two Velib stations is long. |
| A．Worried. | B．Positive. |
| C．Uncaring. | D．Doubtful. |
Green roofs are designed to save energy and capture rainwater. Rooftops covered with plants help keep buildings cool. They can extend the life of a roof. And they can reduce water running off into streets and storming water systems.
Experts say green roofs usually do not get much above 27℃. So temperatures might not be a problem for growing. But rooftop gardeners have to be careful not to put too much weight on the roof. This is true whether plants are grown in soil or water.
Earlier in 2008, researchers in Texas reported that green roofs can reduce a building's air conditioning costs by about onefifth compared to blacktop roofs. But they also reported that not all green roofs perform equally well. They found that designs differ in their ability to keep buildings cool and to capture rainwater. The researchers put experimental roofs on top of metal insulated (隔热的) boxes, to recreate green roof conditions. The study compared products from six companies to help businesses understand how to improve their designs. Each rooftop had sixteen different kinds of plants native to Texas. The researchers say the presence of native plants likely helped all the green roofs capture water better compared to sedums. Sedums are plants that need little water and often are used on green roofs. The native plants could take in more water and release more of it to the atmosphere.
1. The author gave Paragraph 1 to ________.
| A．tell us what is green roof design |
| B．tell us Germany is the country that leads or guides the green roof design |
| C．introduce some famous hotels in the world |
| D．lead to the topic of the passage |
| A．changing the local weather |
| B．prolonging the roof's life |
| C．keeping the house cool |
| D．reducing the house's air conditioning costs |
| A．Sometimes green roofs may break down the house. |
| B．Not all the green roofs can reduce the building's air conditioning costs equally. |
| C．Different designs of green roofs have different effects on buildings. |
| D．Sedums are a kind of plants native to Texas. |
| A．to find out how many different plants in Texas |
| B．to show us how to design green roofs |
| C．to introduce a kind of roof made of metal |
| D．to provide proofs to improve the design of green roofs |
News item 1: Rescuers in Zhaotong, Yunnan Province continued searching on Sunday for six workers who went missing when water burst suddenly from a barrier lake formed during the 6.5-magnitude earthquake on Aug.3. The workers were digging tunnels to discharge (排出) lake water on Friday afternoon when the water suddenly broke through and flooded the construction site. The flooding also left another four workers injured, the press office of Zhaotong said on its official microblog.
News item 2: One person died and 324 others were injured after a 6.6-magnitude quake jolted southwest China’s Yunnan Province Tuesday night, according to the local government. The deaths were reported mainly from Jinggu County, where the epicenter (震中) was monitored. A total of 92,700 people in Jinggu were affected and 56,880 of them have been relocated, said an official of the county’s publicity department. After the earthquake, Yunnan has initiated the highest emergency response, sending rescue staff and materials to the affected areas.
【写作内容】
1.用约30个词概括上文的主要内容；
2.用约120个词谈谈你对自然灾害的看法；内容包括：
(1)地震可能给人们带来哪些危害(如身体和精神的伤害等)；
(2)自然灾害发生时人们应该怎么做；
(3)你自己的想法。
【写作要求】
1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
【评分标准】
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
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A young man called Low-Carbon Brother become a hit on the Internet in 2011. He suggests living a low carbon life, which means using less energy in our daily life so that we can help reducing carbon dioxide in the air. For example, she always picks up some waste paper on the street or uses the blank side to write something. While he is watching TV, he always turns up the screen brightness to the minimum and turns off the light. Therefore, he goes to work by bike instead of driving. Some people think what he is doing is just a show. No one can live such a simply life with so many modern invention around us. As far as I am concerned, I am strongly in favor his idea and his behavior. Although what he is doing has no huge effect on global warming, but he at least can enjoy a healthy life.
6 . In the United States alone,over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year.Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times taster than traditional garbage as a whole.
Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste,the concentration（含量）of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.
Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed,the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries,in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.
Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material,up to 100 times more,than the material contained in the finished products.Consider again the cell-phone,and imagine the mines that produced those metals,the factories needed to make the box and packaging（包装）it came in.Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.
The U.S Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that"the production, distribution,and use of products-as well as management of the resulting waste-all result in greenhouse gas release." Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start-for instance,buying reusable products and recycling.
In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive（动机）for reducing waste.If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products,would they reduce the packaging in the first place?
Governments' incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money.Why,they ask,should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap（气泡垫）that encased your television?
From the governments' point of view,a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.
1. By mentioning the Swiss study,the author intends to tell us that .| A．the weight of e-goods is rather small |
| B．natural minerals contain more precious metals |
| C．E-waste deserves to be made good use of |
| D．the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste |
| A．from producers to governments |
| B．from governments to producers |
| C．from individuals to distributors |
| D．from distributors to governments |
| A．The increase in e-waste. | B．The creation of e-waste. |
| C．The seriousness of e-waste. | D．The management of e-waste. |
Since fuel, oxygen and heat must be present in order for fire to exist, one or more of these things must be removed or reduced to extinguish a fire. If the heat is reduced by cooling the material below a certain temperature, the fire goes out. The cooling method is the most common way to put out a fire. Water is the best cooling material because it is low in cost and easy to get.
Another method of extinguishing fire is by cutting off the oxygen. This is usually done by covering the fire with sand, steam or some other things. A blanket may be used do cover a small fire.
A third method is called separation, which includes removing the fuel, or material easy to burn, from a fire, so that it can find no fuel.
The method that is used to put out a fire depends upon the type of fire. Fires have been grouped in three classes. Fires in wood, paper, cloth and the like are called Class A fires. These materials usually help keep the fire on. Such fires can be stopped most readily by cooling with water.
1. If a fire breaks out on a bus, which of the follow should be ready there for you to use?
| A．Sand. | B．Water. | C．A blanket. | D．An extinguisher. |
| A．cutting off the oxygen | B．reducing the heat |
| C．removing the fuel | D．separating the fire |
| A．when it breaks out | B．what kind it is |
| C．how it comes about | D．where it takes place |
| A．Another type of extinguishers. |
| B．Another class of fires. |
| C．How fires break out. |
| D．How fires can be prevented. |
With the
Air pollution is caused by the following
We should take some measures to fight
9 . Around the world there is an increase in the demand for reforestation. This is because the consumption of the forests has affected not only the animals living in the area but also the people. And reforestation is about the rebuilding of the forests that have been severely destroyed. It can offer a lot of benefits when the recreation is successful.
Destroying a forest is easy but rebuilding it is really hard.
The forest greatly helps in the reduction of the air pollution. Trees are responsible for the production of oxygen and absorption of carbon dioxide.
There cannot be a better way to restore the balance of nature than to increase the forest area. We must remember that the forest is a natural habitat of wide variety of animals and plants. In this manner, there is no substitute for reforestation.
| A．And global warming will speed up the destruction of forests. |
| B．Keep in mind that you can’t just plant the seedlings anywhere. |
| C．Recreations won’t work until all these details have been considered. |
| D．So a good plan is needed to make the reforestation a successful one. |
| E．The forest also protects us from typhoons and other natural disasters. |
| F．There are many things to be done when it comes to this type of effort. |
| G．It is important to make sure that they are suited to the climate and the type of soil. |
Julie Astonis, an Australian housewife in Brisbane is one such example. Even though autumn is approaching Australia’s Brisbane in April, one can still watch colorful blooming (盛开的) flowers in Julie’s little garden, as she tells that in her community, “Each of us has a beautiful yard. The whole community, from children to elderly people, takes care of the environment as if they are taking care of their own garden.
“Gardening is the most popular club in our community,” she says. “A lot of retired people don’t just regularly organize gardening lectures, but also personally visit families in the community to provide gardening training. So you can see that flowers continue to blossom in our gardens throughout the year.”
Talking about her people’s sense of care for the environment, Julie says when people in the community take along their dog, they always carry a garbage bag to deal with the dog’s waste. “In our community, you will never experience the embarrassment of stepping on the dirty waste while you are walking on the grass,” says Julie with a smile.“Taking care of the dog’s waste can a1so help to develop children’s sense of responsibility!”
As to protecting water resources, the Australian government has made strict rules for families. Julie says, “We certainly would not use tap water to water the flowers!” She says almost every family in her community has a huge tank used to store rainwater, which is later used as the resource of all outdoor water use, connect the water tank with their toilets.
1. From the first three paragraphs we learn that .
| A．gardening is popular in most part of Australia |
| B．April is a great time for people to enjoy flowers |
| C．it’s not easy to keep a garden without proper training |
| D．Julie’s community has a deep sense of caring for nature |
| A．She takes pride in her community. |
| B．She once stepped on a dog’ s waste. |
| C．She is quite in favor of raising a dog. |
| D．She finds it embarrassing to walk on the grass. |
| A．rainwater is not the best resource |
| B．her community owns a public tank |
| C．her community makes full use of resources |
| D．it is not necessary to water flowers very often |
| A．Love nature, the Australian way |
| B．How Australians save resources |
| C．How Australians lead their life |
| D．Protect nature, a must of life |
