1 . For lots of kids, toddlerhood(幼儿期)is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation.
Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament. Some toddlers are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend’s behavior.
This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them.
Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What’s making him so sad?”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem(“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy(同理心)toward a friend, praise him(“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”).
Another way to encourage health y social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words—not fists—to express how they feel. It’s also important to be mindful of how your child’s personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they’re sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they’re refreshed.
1. What does the underlined word “temperament” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?| A．Appearances. | B．Ages. | C．Characters. | D．Interests. |
| A．They are fond of their playmates. |
| B．They are interested in acting. |
| C．They are shy with the strangers. |
| D．They are tired of playing games. |
| A．Find them suitable playmates. |
| B．Design games for them. |
| C．Play together with them. |
| D．Help them understand social rules. |
| A．Explaining concepts. | B．Giving examples. |
| C．Providing evidence. | D．Making comparisons. |
2 . We all feel lonely at some point, but long-term social loneliness can damage our mental and physical health. “Loneliness is a signal that you need human connection,” says Dr. Jeremy Nobel.
Know yourself
It’s easier to connect with people if you have shared the same ideas or experiences, so start paying attention to what’s on your mind.
Make something
When someone says make something, you can immediately say, “Well, I’m not Picasso. I don’t know how to do a fancy painting.” And, of course, you’re not! But the opportunities for creative expression are endless. You can plant a garden or try a dance move.
Take a risk by having conversations
Share something about yourself. It doesn’t have to be the biggest or darkest part of your life, but just something you think other people might find interesting and convincing.
Whether it’s volunteering for a cause you believe in or just for fun, try to find others who share your interests. And if you follow your natural curiosities, you may find something new. Share your thoughts and feelings in creative ways with other people who have that interest.
| A．Other people’s loneliness matters too |
| B．Find a group that matches your interests |
| C．Since you have shared some of your secrets |
| D．Here are some good tips to make connection |
| E．Even if you’re nervous about being judged or refused |
| F．Knowing yourself can be the first step to bond with others |
| G．Making something can express your thoughts and feelings to others |
3 . The term “social distancing” has been at the center of public conversation for a while. But it’s not “social” distance we are trying to promote. It’s physical separation. In fact, preserving social ties — even at a distance — is essential for both mental and physical health. The results of an analytic review published in 2017 indicate that a lack of social support is on a par with smoking cigarettes as a risk factor for health.
Given this fact, how might we best stay connected with others while maintaining physical distance? Would we be better off e-mailing a friend? Making a phone call? Having a video chat? In our study, Nick Epley and I tested whether the media through which people interact affects their sense of connection and how expectations of certain technologies impact the communication media they choose to use.
In our experiment, we asked participants to reconnect with someone that they hadn’t interacted with recently, either by e-mail or over the phone. Participants first made predictions about what it would be like to get in touch if they connected in these two ways. They generally believed that they’d feel more connected when interacting over the phone than by e-mail. But they also predicted that talking on the phone could be more uncomfortable than sending an e-mail. Although these participants believed that talking encouraged stronger bonds, most of them said they’d rather send an e-mail than call the person up. It seemed that fears about awkwardness pushed individuals towards text-based methods for communicating.
In the next part of the experiment, we had participants use one randomly determined mode of communication to actually reconnect and then tracked them after they had done so. We found that people did form meaningfully stronger bonds when interacting over the phone than by e-mail. Importantly, though, there was no difference in the amount of discomfort when they were reconnecting over the phone. The next time you think about how best to connect, consider calling or having a video chat. Feelings of social connection are preferably facilitated by voice rather than a keyboard.
1. What does the underlined word “preserving” in Paragraph I probably mean?| A．Abandoning. | B．Maintaining. | C．Disturbing. | D．Revealing. |
| A．The author shares public opinions. |
| B．The author states a deep-rooted tradition. |
| C．The author presents official documents. |
| D．The author cites a published report. |
| A．They contradicted participants’ predictions partly. |
| B．They had no reference value. |
| C．They provided insights into future studies. |
| D．They confirmed researchers’ expectations. |
| A．Keeping in touch is key to a lasting friendship. |
| B．Think twice before you consider contacting an old friend. |
| C．For stronger bonds, talk instead of typing. |
| D．Text-based methods for communication cause discomfort. |
4 . As a professional life and relationship coach, Allison Cowan has over 21 years of experience in teaching and supporting others to achieve their goals. She has dedicated her career to helping her clients gain power and awareness in their lives.
As a coach, Allison inspires her clients to overcome obstacles and achieve goals. However, her practice has come with its own share of challenges. Expanding her knowledge to meet diverse client needs has involved lots of trial-and-error searching.
Initially, Allison spent a hard time building strong and trustworthy relationships with her clients. She knew trust was critical to finding and retaining clients but was frustrated at how long the trust-building process takes.
Allison soon learned that there was no single right way to coach. To meet her clients’ different needs, she needed to become more efficient at supporting their diverse learning styles. To overcome her challenges as a coach and offer better service, she began looking for ways to customize her coaching solutions.
During her search, Allison realized Positive Psychology is a field with many different goals. “It covers so many areas, including whatever a client may go through,” she recalled. Later, she began using self-reflection tools to help her clients develop self-acceptance and self-forgiveness. She even discovered a way to help clients without a coaching goal find their purposes. She said, “There’s a lot of blame. The more they stay in blame mode, the more angry they are, and they are not able to move forward with acceptance and forgiveness. But we can find solutions in Positive Psychology.”
Whether Allison was helping clients build self-confidence, understand their attachment styles, or reframe their challenges, she quickly found that she was also learning all the time. By completing the homework Allison assigned to them, her clients were also changing. They were more engaged with their coaching and making more significant progress between their sessions. That made Allison proud. She said, “They grow and move forward at a quicker pace. That’s what coaching is about.”
1. Why is Allison’s initial trouble mentioned in the text?| A．To show her special efforts. | B．To stress her defeated career. |
| C．To prove the difficulty in coaching. | D．To give the reason for setting goals. |
| A．She used the same coaching ways to teach them. |
| B．She coached them according to their own needs. |
| C．She tried her best to change their learning styles. |
| D．She helped them overcome their challenges in life. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Unclear. |
| C．Supportive. | D．Dismissive. |
| A．Allison’s clients misunderstood what coaching is about. |
| B．Allison learned to build self-confidence all the time. |
| C．Allison’s clients helped her complete homework. |
| D．Allison and her clients benefited each other. |
5 . I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.
War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.
The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled (爬) under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.
Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn’t notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “Thanks.”
Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn’t always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.
1. What can be inferred from paragraph 1?| A．The author was very willing to stay with Kate. | B．Kate always helped the author to clean her bed. |
| C．The author felt proud to have such a roommate. | D．The author didn’t get along very well with Kate. |
| A．The author placed her shoes under Kate’s bed. | B．The author refused to listen to Kate’s advice. |
| C．The news of Kate’s grandma’s illness spread. | D．The author was very tired of Kate at school. |
| A．Because she realized the importance of tidiness. | B．Because she would like to express her concern. |
| C．Because she was required by other roommates. | D．Because she expected to be inspected by school. |
| A．They never quarreled with each other about anything again. |
| B．They separated at once and never wanted to see each other. |
| C．They completely understood the principle of being roommates. |
| D．They gained a deeper understanding of each other’s personalities. |
6 . Everyone, at one time or another, has experienced some challenges in friendships and relationships with family members. We might find ourselves frustrated or angry with other people, or even find that we argue with them. The reality is that nobody is perfect and we need to realise that we should find ways to live happier and less stressful lives.
Respect other people and accept them.
This is the most important point. If we want to show someone we love them, we need to first respect who they are and show them we accept them for who they are.
Be interested in others' interests.
This is the hardest thing for most of us to do.
So, try and follow the advice and you will find that you have happier and stronger relationships with your friends and loved ones.
| A．You can learn from mistakes. |
| B．Apologise when you make a mistake. |
| C．Show your friends what you really think. |
| D．Yet a simple “I'm sorry” can undo a lot of tension. |
| E．Everyone is unique with different experiences and lives. |
| F．Here are some tips on how to make relationships happier and healthier. |
| G．We might have friends who are crazy about sports, while we prefer reading. |
7 . We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all don’t have enough conversational ability. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s embarrassing and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s a valuable social practice that leads to big benefits.
It is easy to consider small talk as unimportant, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if there weren’t casual conversations. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains. “The secret to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, professor of psychology at UBC, invited people to a coffee shop. One group was asked to interact (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported obviously higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,” says Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network is important for our happiness and health.”
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a greater sense of belonging, a link with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.
1. What does the underline word “casual” in paragraph 3 mean?| A．Addictive | B．Impressive | C．Personal | D．Informal |
| A．Showing good manners. | B．Making business deals |
| C．Focusing on a topic | D．Keeping in contact with other people. |
| A．It raises people’s confidence. | B．It makes people feel good. |
| C．It improves family relationships. | D．It matters as much as a formal talk. |
| A．Conversation Counts | B．Ways of Making Small Talk |
| C．Importance of Small Talk | D．Uncomfortable Silence |
8 . How To Stop Bein g A People Pleaser
As a recovering people pleaser, I spent much of my life keeping others happy. Breaking this habit meant stepping on a few toes. However, I’ve become a happier person as a result. Here are some tips I used to stop being a people pleaser.
Identify your priorities. Take a moment to think about why you are trying to learn how to stop being a people pleaser.
Just say “no”. One reason why people pleasers say “yes” to everything is that they fear disappointing others.
Accept yourself. Many people pleasers are insecure about who they are.
Remember that you cannot please everyone. No matter what you do there will always be someone who is unhappy with your choices.
| A．Learn to set healthy boundaries. |
| B．Don’t mix up your boundaries with others’. |
| C．Who are the people that you feel the need to please? |
| D．Spend some time learning to love yourself for who you are. |
| E．So why bother trying to please everyone if it isn’t possible? |
| F．But saying “no” is the best way to take care of your own needs. |
| G．That is why the more you seek security, the less of it you have. |
9 . Good relationship are definitely good sources of happiness in life. We all want happy relationships but if we do not keep that relationship alive, it can also be one of the most distraught things in life. There may be no hard and fast rules in making good relationships, as each of us has different preferences and points of view as to what is a great relationship. The following are some major key players in making relationships work.
It is often said that building good relationship is all about communication. Good communication indeed governs a good relationship—knowing the right thing to say, when to say it, how to say it, and accepting some things that are better left unsaid. I personally think communication must be broadened because relationships involve more decisions to make. From study to work, from money to entertainment and even in things about yourself or about your friends that you do not know, communication is necessary in these aspects of the relationships.
Of course, being with someone is not saying that you totally agree with him or her all the time. You and your friends come from different family backgrounds, raised in different environment so there may be disagreement here and there. However, it is important in making relationship work to express disagreements without pushing the relationship to end. Again, good communication and learning to compromise(妥协) at times are necessary.
As relationships last longer, you may also discover things about you and your friends that you may not have known before. Therefore supporting each other on both your “hidden selves” can also make a good relationship.
Love is an important aspect of building relationships and for me, I always believe that love needs open communication, respect, support and understanding each other in making relationships work.
1. The underlined word “distraught” in Paragraph 1 probably means _________.| A．interesting | B．surprising | C．funny | D．upset |
| A．supporting each other in anything helps build a good relationship |
| B．a white lie is necessary sometimes |
| C．compromises are necessary at any time |
| D．your friends need to have the same backgrounds with you |
| A．Communication. | B．Support. |
| C．Hidden selves. | D．Love. |
| A．Forbidden Rules in Building Good Relationships. |
| B．Keys to Making Relationships Work. |
| C．Different Opinions on Good Relationships. |
| D．The Importance to Express Disagreements. |
Do you know how to be street smart? Being street smart means
Imagine there is a baby walking around alone.
Thank goodness, you are not a baby anymore! You know your way around and you know the rules of the road. The
