23-24高三下·上海·开学考试
解题方法
1 . 在直角坐标系
中,曲线
的方程为
,直线
过定点
,且倾斜角为
.
(1)写出直线
的参数方程;
(2)令
,
时直线
与曲线
分别交于
,
和
,
四点,求由
,
,
,
为四个顶点的四边形的面积.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7ee31829d0d4d5f779a957d7df8058ab.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fdc2518c64be54c16908f868034d8fa7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c832f2474efe89961ef41e884da7660c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c24095e409b025db711f14be783a406c.png)
(1)写出直线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
(2)令
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/905dd10639c9fef5ef8d66a124756140.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f13557c6c4cac12d494b38da6972e5e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8455657dde27aabe6adb7b188e031c11.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8455657dde27aabe6adb7b188e031c11.png)
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解题方法
2 . 已知点M是椭圆
上的一动点,点T的坐标为
,点N满足
,且
,则
的最小值是______ .
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5b9025a05a7a14869ac9c7061b62655e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/edaef66a0582e95fb5c57a405acdea9a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/229d42a8c15b630fb61ae0dd2de4b22f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/acf4369c76602465e4ac5d864a7c8217.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/084cf5ffced059f5653ee2a1023518b7.png)
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名校
3 . 在直角坐标系
中,直线
的参数方程为
(
为参数,
).在以
为极点,
轴正半轴为极轴的极坐标中,曲线
:
.
(1)当
时,求
与
的交点的极坐标;
(2)直线
与曲线
交于
,
两点,线段
中点为
,求
的值.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7ee31829d0d4d5f779a957d7df8058ab.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1721d98f32fd45a57725f372612a2ff9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/36a1b09c653185842513e24ebba60bb3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/10adc3992efb2badc23f81d36faa206f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dde8112e8eb968fd042418dd632759e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81dea63b8ce3e51adf66cf7b9982a248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/925b34a1e7a48f450d883f9a0197e5c9.png)
(1)当
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4120436d6ff0c58109473edc068257c3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
(2)直线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f52a58fbaf4fea03567e88a9f0f6e37e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/48d25e70d37af93796965efc8d342185.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/aaff41080fdea43eea7efedf9ebc1498.png)
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2020-03-24更新
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4 . 已知直线
的参数方程为
(
为参数),以平面直角坐标系
的原点
为极点,
轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,椭圆
的极坐标方程为
.
(1)求直线
的普通方程(写成一般式)和椭圆
的直角坐标方程(写成标准方程);
(2)若直线
与椭圆
相交于
,
两点,且与
轴相交于点
,求
的值.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1241216f3c1cb5e73043dd1037f556d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e1650189c8784ed28fd78358fe939419.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/36a1b09c653185842513e24ebba60bb3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7ee31829d0d4d5f779a957d7df8058ab.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dde8112e8eb968fd042418dd632759e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81dea63b8ce3e51adf66cf7b9982a248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23f3ffe7abc59e2f65d827c8eab8d36a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ae3078c25fc865dc42e9bf9fa3251079.png)
(1)求直线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1241216f3c1cb5e73043dd1037f556d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23f3ffe7abc59e2f65d827c8eab8d36a.png)
(2)若直线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1241216f3c1cb5e73043dd1037f556d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23f3ffe7abc59e2f65d827c8eab8d36a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81dea63b8ce3e51adf66cf7b9982a248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2a30f3a8b673cc28bd90c50cf1a35281.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/50409554ee223432079c04a8f1d11505.png)
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5 . 将圆
上每一点的纵坐标保持不变,横坐标伸长为原来的2倍,得曲线C.
(Ⅰ)写出曲线C的参数方程;
(Ⅱ)设直线
与曲线C的交点为
、
,以坐标原点为极点,x轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,求过线段
的中点且与
垂直的直线的极坐标方程.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f240cccaf24af8a796abb95cb42be52e.png)
(Ⅰ)写出曲线C的参数方程;
(Ⅱ)设直线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/98f524ac41ac7f7ee26b566bc145b082.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4b104090ea2ac34be58a76a4e0e95cb3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7df1d9b712b639c8b6809c9f3ae03706.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3dedd84baa5219a2af415be51947c301.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
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解题方法
6 . 在平面直角坐标系
中,圆
的方程为
,以坐标原点
为极点,
轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,直线
的极坐标方程为
,若直线
与曲线
相切.
(Ⅰ)求实数
的值;
(Ⅱ)在圆
上取两点
,使得
,点
与直角坐标原点
构成
,求
面积的最大值.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7ee31829d0d4d5f779a957d7df8058ab.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ef949e3a9352f1d5fcaecbc5b456d32a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dde8112e8eb968fd042418dd632759e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81dea63b8ce3e51adf66cf7b9982a248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ad098ae3267a7f1705a3ab1155b78f7a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
(Ⅰ)求实数
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/11bc05f41215f9894e11d1df0465751a.png)
(Ⅱ)在圆
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e7490886e2807c7b8a4fa57d99c4dc3a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7519878b8bcbd7a9024167e8abbcacb1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e7490886e2807c7b8a4fa57d99c4dc3a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dde8112e8eb968fd042418dd632759e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/800eca4e8d1c3f4792a1d3aba6f3b481.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/800eca4e8d1c3f4792a1d3aba6f3b481.png)
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2019-07-25更新
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9卷引用:2019年湖南省娄底市高三上学期期末数学(理)试题
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7 . 抛物线
:
的焦点为
,抛物线过点
.
(Ⅰ)求抛物线
的标准方程与其准线
的方程;
(Ⅱ)过
点作直线与抛物线
交于
,
两点,过
,
分别作抛物线的切线,证明两条切线的交点在抛物线
的准线
上.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/62c2f156b05838deaae6a35acad242af.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a0ed1ec316bc54c37c4286c208f55667.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ec668d00d2b67d373aa4f748ba37773f.png)
(Ⅰ)求抛物线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
(Ⅱ)过
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a0ed1ec316bc54c37c4286c208f55667.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
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8 . 已知正数
满足
,则
的最大值为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/632244ea6931507f8656e1cc3437d392.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0ed27cf5e7ceba01bbd21fa055534ad6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5af3e6bcc82b09300dcc9f46c43ecbc3.png)
A.![]() | B.![]() | C.![]() | D.![]() |
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9 . 在平面直角坐标系
中,以坐标原点O为极点,以
轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,已知曲线
的参数方程为
(α为参数),曲线
的极坐标方程为
.
(1)写出
的普通方程和
的直角坐标方程;
(2)若点P、Q分别为曲线
及曲线
上任意一点,求|PQ|的最小值及此时P的坐标.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7ee31829d0d4d5f779a957d7df8058ab.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81dea63b8ce3e51adf66cf7b9982a248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1241216f3c1cb5e73043dd1037f556d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c35ddc34ea5084f4b692c2ed65bf6edf.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23f3ffe7abc59e2f65d827c8eab8d36a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0352ab22bb29788bf42ff3fb046e3cb3.png)
(1)写出
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1241216f3c1cb5e73043dd1037f556d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23f3ffe7abc59e2f65d827c8eab8d36a.png)
(2)若点P、Q分别为曲线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1241216f3c1cb5e73043dd1037f556d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23f3ffe7abc59e2f65d827c8eab8d36a.png)
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10 . 在平面直角坐标系
中,对于任意一点
,总存在一个点
满足关系式:
(
,
),则称
为平面直角坐标系中的伸缩变换.
(1)在同一直角坐标系中,求平面直角坐标系中的伸缩变换
,使得椭圆
变换为一个单位圆;
(2)在同一直角坐标系中,△
(
为坐标原点)经平面直角坐标系中的伸缩变换
(
,
)得到△
,记△
和△
的面积分别为S与
,求证:
;
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f2beb91f10d2d8f2aa0dcc3f5cd1598.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0fb4db5074e7c8945c1800f1cc324be9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/754780ccfb7aea6a9902a11e490c94cf.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f8964e0587e20d06a9a401808cb4575.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1bf73db6da96b2e3ef7b70beecb22363.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/00efb6b051a61e5a1f0a6b429b616974.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6581916f5a65edfea257c804efee007e.png)
(1)在同一直角坐标系中,求平面直角坐标系中的伸缩变换
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6581916f5a65edfea257c804efee007e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7795b28d4816617d5f344dce62d7a533.png)
(2)在同一直角坐标系中,△
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/571f8dfb1eb003438f27bab2324140ca.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dde8112e8eb968fd042418dd632759e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/425b7513e7aaa5306945435e48604bff.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1bf73db6da96b2e3ef7b70beecb22363.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/00efb6b051a61e5a1f0a6b429b616974.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bb48c5f1c6e24fe7b8944ad007795e02.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/571f8dfb1eb003438f27bab2324140ca.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bb48c5f1c6e24fe7b8944ad007795e02.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5e030dbd6f1af3802272609cca6f1148.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8e1c7abe77a98f5df66d9bd3111e9dfb.png)
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