1 . “Our research has shown that the No. 1 reason people become fans is that it's your connection to your first community,” said Adam Earnhardt, chairman of the communications department at Youngstown State University and co-author of Sports Fans, Identity and Socialization: Exploring the Fandemonium. “I don't care if a Seattle fan moves to China, he or she carries with them their love for the sports teams,” he said. “    1    ”

    2     And when a team begins to catch fire, as with, say, the Mariners in ' 95 or the Seahawks of recent vintage, well, it's easy to get swept up in the wave.

“It's phenomenal,” said Simons. “We have this ability to understand other people so remarkably that their victories literally become ours. Our testosterone literally responds to their victory.     3     They're us, and competing on a literal level as us—a little extension of us.

Professor Robert Cialdini at Arizona State University came up with the term BIRG— Basking In Reflected Glory—to describe the intense pride fans feel when their teams succeed. It can be used as a verb, as in, "Seahawks' fans are currently BIRGing up a storm." The counterpoint, as coined by researchers C. R. Snyder, Mary Anne Lassergard and Carol E. Ford, is the concept of CORFing—Cutting Off Reflected Failure.     4    We've all heard it in action: We won, but they lost.

This leads into another concept, that of cognitive bias, also known as confirmation bias, which causes fans to help explain away defeats by blaming outside factors, such as referees. I'm sure it would also help explain why Seahawks fans rallied around Richard Sherman after his postgame interview, rationalizing behavior that was widely criticized by many fans with no vested interest. It could also explain the notion of "eustress", invented by endocrinologist Hans Selye to refer to a combination of euphoria(极度愉快的心情)and stress, such as that resulting from watching tense sporting events. Indeed, it's much of the appeal.

A．It means that different team is accessible to you.

B．Belonging to your favorite team stimulates your confidence.

C．That identity is first and foremost.

D．The more we follow a team, the deeper the bond becomes.

E．In that sense, your favorite team can serve the same purpose as church and family: Fostering a sense of belonging.

F．This refers to the inclination by fans to distance themselves from their team after a defeat.

2 . When the Chinese government first sent students to America in the late 19^th century, it could not decide whether their goal should be to acquire specific technical knowledge or to _______ new ways of thinking. More than a century later, a third of a million Chinese students are enrolled at American schools and universities. Yet folks back home remain _______ about what an American degree means.

Attending an American university is a good career move. It is also _______ as a soft option for well-off kids, scared of the gaokao, China’s brutal university-entrance exams. Yet many bright Chinese youngsters explain the appeal of an American education in a remarkably _______ fashion. One place to hear such dreams is an English-language debating tournament in the central city of Wuhan. It follows a(n) _______ popular at high schools across America, known as “Public Forum Debate”.

At first sight, the event bears the stamp of _______. It uses the classrooms at a bilingual private boarding school in Wuhan with its own golf course and an ice-hockey team coached by imported Russians. But the debate is not for big-city _______. It is run by the National High School Debate League of China, which _______ contests in dozens of Chinese cities each year. This one has _______ pupils, aged 13-18, from nine cities. Many will never study overseas.

The proposition is: “Countries should give ________ to climate-change adaptation over alleviation.” An early round is won by a pair of 17-year-old girls who attend the international section of a state-run high school in Shenyang. In confident, rapid-fire English the duo argue that climate change should be treated with realism. The pair also had speeches arguing the opposite ready, in case the coin-toss had gone ________.

Unlike America, where debating clubs are ________ by shouty, self-assured boys, most contestants in the Chinese league are girls. Of its 20 highest-ranked debaters, 16 are female. In a society that is still ________-centered, the chance to argue forcefully and be applauded for it has a rare appeal, suggests Liam Mather, the league’s executive director. The winners in Wuhan are Joyce Yi and Erica Chen, from a state school in the southern boomtown of Shenzhen. Their swaggering first-round performance leaves two ________ boys open-mouthed like fish. Ms Chen initially ________ debating in English because “I’m kind of an argumentative person.” Then she realized the subtle effects of having to research both sides of an argument. Chinese education emphasizes one correct answer to a question, she says.

1.

A．absorb

B．apply

C．practice

D．spread

2.

A．assured

B．disturbed

C．divided

D．suspended

3.

A．blamed

B．punished

C．scorned

D．warned

4.

A．idealistic

B．practical

C．realistic

D．variable

5.

A．access

B．format

C．path

D．recipe

6.

A．challenge

B．democracy

C．economy

D．privilege

7.

A．amateurs

B．elites

C．inhabitants

D．migrants

8.

A．enters

B．exposes

C．issues

D．stages

9.

A．converted

B．convinced

C．drawn

D．withdrawn

10.

A．emergency

B．guarantee

C．priority

D．sympathy

11.

A．in the way

B．its own way

C．the other way

D．under way

12.

A．advocated

B．dominated

C．monitored

D．presented

13.

A．exam

B．male

C．money

D．power

14.

A．illiterate

B．ill-prepared

C．unexpected

D．unpredictable

15.

A．dreaded

B．fancied

C．ignored

D．tolerated

3 . 假定你是李华，你市将举办国际马拉松比赛，请你给外教John发一封电子邮件，邀请他一起报名参加。
内容主要包括： 1．告知马拉松比赛的具体信息；       
2．说明邀请理由；
3．希望对方参加。
注意：1．词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数)；            
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：马拉松marathon
Dear John，

I'm pleased to tell you that an international marathon will take place in our city.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours，

Li Hua

4 . 假设你是李津，得知2020年女排亚俱杯(Asian Women’s Volleyball Club Championship)将于1月20日至28日在天津举行。请你写信给在天津某国际学校的英国朋友Chris，内容包括：
（1）告诉Chris天津女排将代表中国参加比赛；
（2）解释值得学习的女排精神；
（3）邀请他一起去观看比赛。
注意：
（1）词数不少于100；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
（3）开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Chris,

How is everything going?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Jin

5 . The Chess Competition

I had signed up to play in the School Chess Competition two months before. I’d been counting the days, filling my afternoons with practice games and begging everyone I knew to play _________ with me.

Soon the competition was about to begin. I would be competing against twenty _________, and all of us would be battling for just a few trophies. Glancing up at the prizes, I could just _________ one of them sitting on my bookcase.

My daydream was interrupted by the announcement of the _________ round. “Shake hands and start playing!” said the judge. I _________ across the board and saw that my first opponent (对手) was almost too small to see over the top of the table. “Aha!” I thought. “This will be a(n) _________ win.”

One unexpected game later, I _________ my overconfidence. My opponent, the nine-year-old girl, had beaten me in only 10 minutes! I hid my disappointment and _________ her. “Good game! You’re a fantastic player,” I said with a sincere smile.

The next three rounds went by very quickly, with each game proving more _________ than the one before. By evening I had one win and three losses. After the second game, I was ready to go home and give up, ____________ I stayed anyway, smiling and sincerely congratulating each of my opponents.

As the trophies were being awarded, I listened ____________, applauding each winner as his or her name was called.

It was hard to hide my disappointment, but I tried. ____________, I heard the announcer say my name. “For excellent chess etiquette (礼仪), a friendly ____________, and great determination, the Good Sport Award ____________ to Dustin Hodges,” the judge declared. It was amazing and I smiled broadly as I walked up to accept the prize. Although it wasn’t the trophy that I had hoped for, the gold cup looks pretty good on my bookcase. I think it won’t stay there forever, and I plan to ____________ it with the championship trophy next year.

1.

A．soccer

B．cards

C．chess

D．music

2.

A．singers

B．players

C．dancers

D．speakers

3.

A．make

B．find

C．enjoy

D．picture

4.

A．first

B．next

C．half

D．new

5.

A．looked

B．walked

C．came

D．talked

6.

A．narrow

B．easy

C．final

D．equal

7.

A．regretted

B．shared

C．showed

D．admired

8.

A．begged

B．greeted

C．warned

D．congratulated

9.

A．successful

B．difficult

C．interesting

D．different

10.

A．but

B．and

C．so

D．or

11.

A．impatiently

B．nervously

C．respectfully

D．proudly

12.

A．Naturally

B．Fortunately

C．Consequently

D．Suddenly

13.

A．solution

B．relationship

C．attitude

D．atmosphere

14.

A．goes

B．turns

C．moves

D．leads

15.

A．compare

B．match

C．exchange

D．replace

6 . Walking is good for you.It’s good for your heart, for your lungs, for the muscle and bone growth of your children.Strong scientific evidence now supports the many benefits to health of regular walking.

Walking is connected with reduced death rates for both older and younger adults.In other words, walkers live longer!

In particular, walking has a great effect on cardiovascular disease(心血管病).Fit and active people have around half the risk of cardiovascular disease compared to unfit inactive people.

Even 10-minute walks can increase fitness.One study at Loughbrough University found that women walking continuously for 30 minutes 5 days a week had almost the same increases in fitness as women who divide their 30 minutes into three 10-minute walks.

The majority of studies of young people indicate falling participation in physical activity.Only half of 11-36-year-olds currently walk for ten minutes a day.Children in Britain walk 50 miles a year less than they did a decade ago.Around 20% of children can be classed as overweight.TV, computers, cultural changes and fears for children’s safety out of doors play a large part.

Walking offers a great way to help kids get the active habit.If parents express excitement about the prospect (前景) of a walk in the countryside, they are more likely to pass this feeling to their children.It’s important to treat the walk as an exploration or adventure and to go at the child’s pace, no matter how often they want to stop and look at things, take treats to eat and plenty to drink, and head for some landmarks that will attract them such as a castle, a playground, an ice cream car or a boating pond.If children experience walking as part of a fun activity, they are more likely to want to go again.

1. We know from the passage that regular walking __________.

A．can make people live longer and healthier

B．has nothing to do with cardiovascular disease

C．increases fitness only if you walk as fast as you can

D．will help you put on much weight in a short time

2. Which of the following is a reason why young people walk less than before?

A．They have more homework to do.

B．They have fitness equipment at home.

C．Their parents worry about their safety.

D．They want to learn more knowledge on TV.

3. In the last paragraph the author suggests that __________.

A．children should be led by parents when they play outdoors

B．parents should help their children form a habit of walking

C．parents should not care about their children too much

D．children should do more explorative and adventure activities

7 . 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

It was a dark day, one of depression(沮丧), sadness and angry. As I climbed out of a pool, after losing the swimming match, I didn’t feel like speak to anyone. I saw the bright smiles of swimmers whom had just achieved a best time. But, I had failed. Or at least that is which I thought at that time. I was lying on my cool bed when an idea strikes me: Success belongs to anyone who have never lost their enthusiasm (热情). Finally came the day where I had to prove to myself and others that there is no limit to your achievements. I had done it! Never lose your enthusiasm, and you achieve your best time!

8 . Even if you’re a couch potato like me, you’ll know the benefits of running. But if you’re a real fitness fan, the ____ running challenge is to participate in a marathon. While many runners’ ______ is to beat their personal best and cross the finishing line without ______ , they’re also doing it for a good cause – to generate funds for ______ .

But just like other ______ events, the marathon also ______ a massive carbon footprint. Thousands travel - some by plane - to the location, and ______ from food packaging and goody bags gets left behind by ____ and runners. For example, during the London Marathon in 2018, ______ 47,000 plastic bottles were collected. This is becoming a big issue for cities – how to ______ a worthwhile event, encouraging people to exercise and help charities, while ______ the environment?

Several cities have ______formal plans to reduce their environmental influence and ______ sustainable (可持续的) ideas. One event in Wales, for example, introduced the recycling of ______ running equipment. The London Marathon tried to deal with the environmental problem by ______ the number of drink stations on the running route, ______ water in paper cups and offering some drinks in edible (可食的) seaweed capsules. They also tried new bottle ______ made from recycled plastic so 700 runners could ______ water bottles with them during their run.

Dr Andrea Collins from Cardiff University told the BBC: "Training for a marathon makes you more sustainable in day-to-day activities. I started walking or running to work every day and _______ private cars altogether. Being environmentally friendly becomes a good ______ ." So while you not be an excellent runner in a marathon, let’s hope the event, in terms of sustainability, certainly is!

1.

A．basic

B．funny

C．fresh

D．ultimate

2.

A．courage

B．success

C．practice

D．motivation

3.

A．waiting

B．companying

C．collapsing

D．struggling

4.

A．environment

B．charity

C．education

D．health

5.

A．major

B．historic

C．famous

D．rare

6.

A．works on

B．gives off

C．results in

D．finds out

7.

A．mixture

B．waste

C．material

D．content

8.

A．volunteers

B．journalists

C．audiences

D．coaches

9.

A．approximately

B．naturally

C．probably

D．gradually

10.

A．host

B．witness

C．report

D．record

11.

A．governing

B．ignoring

C．cleaning

D．protecting

12.

A．expected

B．developed

C．changed

D．considered

13.

A．promote

B．transform

C．test

D．share

14.

A．old

B．modern

C．electrical

D．standard

15.

A．checking

B．doubling

C．arranging

D．reducing

16.

A．pouring down

B．drinking up

C．taking away

D．giving out

17.

A．covers

B．belts

C．bodies

D．openers

18.

A．fill

B．carry

C．pass

D．connect

19.

A．avoiding

B．providing

C．buying

D．taking

20.

A．chance

B．reason

C．lifestyle

D．event

9 . Recent studies suggest that people who suffer multiple brain injuries are at significant risk for developing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a brain disorder that causes a variety of dangerous mental and emotional problems to arise weeks, months, or even years after the initial injury. These psychological problems can include depression, anxiety, memory loss, inability to concentrate and so on. The majority of people who develop these issues are athletes who participate in popular high-impact sports, especially football.

Although new sports regulations and improvements in helmet technology can help protect players, amateur leagues, the sports media, and fans all bear some of the responsibility for reducing brain injuries. In response to the growing understanding of this danger, the National Football League (NFL) has revised its safety regulations. In an effort to diminish the amount of head and neck injuries on the field. NFL officials began enforcing stricter penalty calls for helmet-to-helmet contact, leading with the head, and hitting a defenseless player. Furthermore, as of 2010, if a player’s helmet is accidentally wrenched from his head during play, the ball is immediately whistled dead. It is hoped that these new regulations, coupled with advances in helmet design, will reduce the number of brain injuries, and thus curb further cases of CTE.

However, new regulations at the professional level cannot protect amateur players, especially young people. Deadly cases of CTE have been reported in victims as young as 21. Youth, high school and college leagues should also adopt safety rules even stricter than those of the NFL. Furthermore, young athletes should be educated about the serious dangers of head injuries at an early age. Perhaps the most important factor in reducing the number of brain injuries, however, lies not with the players,the coaches, or the administrators, but with the media and fans. Sports media producers have become accustomed to showcasing the most aggressive tackles and the most intense plays. NFL broadcasts often replay especially violent collisions while the commentators marvel at the players physical prowess. Some sports highlights television programs even feature weekly countdowns of the “hardest hits”. When the media exalts such dangerous behavior, professionals are rewarded for injuring each other on the field and amateurs become more likely to try to imitate their favorite NFL athletes. Announcers, commentators, television producers, and sportswriters should engage in a collective effort to cease glorifying brutal plays. In turn, fans should stop expecting their favorite players to put their lives on the line for the purposes of entertainment.

1. Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that all of the following statements are true except that____________.

A．brain injuries can lead to various mental and emotional problems

B．NFL officials have done little to address the problem of CTE

C．it is not enough to adopt new regulations to reduce brain injuries at the professional level

D．sports media is to blame for encouraging brutal plays that often result in brain injuries

2. Which of the following is NOT the factor that contributes to CTE in amateur players?

A．inconsistent application of safety regulations for all levels.

B．lack of education about the dangers of head injuries.

C．amateur players’ desire to imitate professionals.

D．the adoption of stricter safety rules by youth, high school, and college leagues.

3. Which of the following can best replace “exalts” in the last paragraph?

A．praises

B．criticizes

C．shows

D．mentions

4. The writer of the passage mainly wants to ____________.

A．share his knowledge about CET caused by brain injuries

B．warn his readers against playing football to avoid brain injuries

C．call public attention to the new regulations adopted by NFL

D．convey his ideas about the problem of CET

10 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What does the woman suggest the man do?

A．Give up soda.

B．Stop eating the sweets.

C．Exercise more.

2. What will the man do tomorrow?

A．Go to the gym.

B．Go out for dinner.

C．Go to the grocery store.

3. What is the conversation mainly about?

A．Losing weight.

B．Healthy meals.

C．A new restaurant.