(1)Deacon直接氧化法可按下列催化过程进行:
2CuCl2(s)=2CuCl(s)+Cl2(g) △H1=+166 kJ·mol-1
2CuCl(s)+O2(g)=2CuO(s)+Cl2(g) △H2=-40kJ·mol-1
CuO(s)+2HCl(g)=CuCl2(s)+H2O(g) △H3=-121 kJ·mol-1
则上述总反应的热化学方程式为
(2)在一刚性容器中,当进料浓度比c(HCl):c(O2)=5:1时,实验测得HCl平衡转化率随温度变化的a(HCl)—T曲线如图所示:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/10/6/4ba463fe-106b-4fa9-89eb-dee91e6a677c.png?resizew=225)
平衡时HCl转化率a | 93% | 90% | 87% | 85% | 82% |
T ℃ | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 |
A.HCl与O2的物质的量之比不改变
B.HCl与Cl2的物质的量之比等于2:1
C.容器内的压强不再改变
D.断裂n mol H-Cl键的同时形成 n mol H-O键
②250℃、400℃两点的平衡常数K250℃
③温度不变时,进一步提高HCl的转化率的方法是
(3)若在绝热的刚性容器中投入原料比为n(HCl):n(O2)=1:1的反应混合物,起始时总物质的量为8mol,测得反应过程中c(Cl2)的数据如下:
t/min | 0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 10.0 |
c(Cl2)/10-1mol·L-1 | 0 | 1.5 | 5.4 | 6.5 | 7.4 | 8.0 |
②实验发现产生Cl2的速率先增大后减小,分析其原因:
③若在恒温的刚性容器中完成这个反应,15min时候测得Cl2产率为50%,问反应前后的压强之比:
相似题推荐
①2CH4(g)+O2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d30bd52fbc729100498b5300daf60350.png)
已知如下反应:
②CH4(g)+2O2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d30bd52fbc729100498b5300daf60350.png)
③CH4(g)+H2O(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d30bd52fbc729100498b5300daf60350.png)
④CO(g)+H2O(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d30bd52fbc729100498b5300daf60350.png)
请回答下列问题:
(1)试计算反应①的△H=
(2)在某体积固定的绝热密闭容器中发生反应④,下列事实能证明反应已达平衡的是
A.容器内温度不再变化 | B.混合气体的平均分子量不再变化 |
C.各组分的物质的量相等 | D.1molH—O键断裂同时有1molH—H键断裂 |
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/11/4/2843949410123776/2844118457909248/STEM/665925c9-d539-4f68-89b0-ea1c368dd796.png?resizew=338)
(4)现将2molCH4和1molO2加入某体积可变的密闭容器中,发生反应①。控制压强为1atm,测得不同温度下反应体系中各组分平衡含量如图2所示。实际生产中控制的温度为750℃,则此温度下CO的产率为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/11/4/2843949410123776/2844118457909248/STEM/04118ac9-ccf5-4d29-a259-527afd62182d.png?resizew=320)
(1)已知:①
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d4b4f774a1709244b406a23d76bfbcd2.png)
②
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff0b7575bd470b83d7004e30fab2b64.png)
则表示氨气摩尔燃烧焓的热化学方程式为
(2)已知几种化学键的键能和热化学方程式如下:
化学键 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
键能![]() | 391 | 193 | 243 | ![]() | 432 |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e76adc1ab05041cd592888941af702d3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/970ede1b912fa8414094f27120a17e4d.png)
(3)4种不饱和烃分别与氢气发生加成反应生成
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/26edabbe2c43af4e74203ad34c4eff2d.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/29/3adf6cf3-8648-4411-b346-744909867b1a.png?resizew=45)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/29/a8193849-87aa-4679-a7ce-5d9bf9957f69.png?resizew=56)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/29/93efa4a6-349d-441a-97ac-888a7bb990e2.png?resizew=48)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cc36e17ae25f5b5c3abdbedce82ee0ea.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/29/177293eb-3a39-4bb5-8b6e-87edf62f9762.png?resizew=220)
(4)用电解法处理有机废水是目前工业上一种常用手段,电解过程中阳极催化剂表面水被电解产生氧化性强的羟基自由基
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/51dccace41db3ec9096eabfe60329e19.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/29/ab5de6e6-64be-48d0-aa8b-2650369c5fa2.png?resizew=250)
(1)工业上采用高温热分解H2S的方法制取H2,在膜反应器中分离H2,发生的反应为2H2S(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d30bd52fbc729100498b5300daf60350.png)
已知:①H2S(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d30bd52fbc729100498b5300daf60350.png)
②2S(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d30bd52fbc729100498b5300daf60350.png)
则△H=
(2)土壤中的微生物可将大气中的H2S经两步反应氧化成SO
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/18816f9b3f9fde6e6b87d5ca93476073.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/18816f9b3f9fde6e6b87d5ca93476073.png)
(3)将H2S和空气的混合气体通入FeCl3、FeCl2、CuCl2的混合溶液中反应回收S,其物质转化如图所示。
②在温度一定和不补加溶液的条件下,缓慢通入混合气体,并充分搅拌。欲使生成的硫单质中不含CuS,可采取的措施有
(4)二氧化硫—空气质子交换膜燃料电池可以利用大气中所含SO2快速启动,其装置示意图如图所示:
②负极的电极反应为
主反应I:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cc25150c7a5301d6565bcf14d26420dd.png)
副反应II:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5180db882a6760b60d0529948a8eada.png)
1.几种化学键的键能如表所示:
化学键 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
键能/(![]() | 413 | 436 | 463 | a |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/970ede1b912fa8414094f27120a17e4d.png)
为了进一步研究上述两个反应,某小组在三个10L的刚性容器中,分别充入1mol
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e71c86dcd9a9e9b09bbbb65b9d313435.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
实验编号 | a | b | c |
温度/K | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
催化剂的比表面积/(![]() | 80 | 120 | 120 |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e9a724b59c890095baa5cb73e267c44.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9275bd8ce17fcc4a786510b008414ab0.png)
A.大于 | B.等于 | C.小于 | D.无法确定 |
A.a | B.b | C.c | D.无法确定 |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6e9b0547b553bc0c6d94299341006c14.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/769e6a57fe49ff4ace697c4e78c66dbb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/36e533d654a153e681b831fa9ccefb53.png)
5.该温度下反应II的平衡常数
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/09b51ee6fe038c30ffb16019af67a9fe.png)
A.1.44 | B.0.44 | C.2.55 | D.0.55 |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5150fdc5b29e62812df44242107478ee.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4cfdcff7fe1aa06f240f080fca81007c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/09b51ee6fe038c30ffb16019af67a9fe.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6defc43285a40f7ccb74c1cc04265eba.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/423b7ae39db552e60ee8b1d27312306f.png)
【推荐2】(1)3.2g硫完全燃烧生成稳定的氧化物放出297.2kJ,写出硫燃烧热的热化学方程式:
(2)氮的固定一直是科学家研究的重要课题,合成氨则是人工固氮比较成熟的技术,其原理为N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g)△H;已知每破坏1mol有关化学键需要的能量如下表:
H-H | N-H | N-N | N |
435.9kJ | 390.8kJ | 192.8kJ | 945.8kJ |
则△H=
(3)在某一容积为2L的恒容密闭容器中,A、B、C、D四种气体物质发生可逆反应,其物质的量n(mol)随时间t(min)的变化曲线如图所示。回答下列问题:
①该反应的化学方程式为
②在2min时,图像发生改变的原因可能是
A.增大B的物质的量B.降低温度
C.加入催化剂D.减小A的物质的量
③不同条件下的该反应的速率:①v(A)=1.0mol·L-1·s-1,②v(B)=1.0 mol·L-1·s-1,③v(C)=1.2 mol·L-1·s-1,④v(D)=1.2mol·L-1·s-1。其中反应速率最快的是
Ⅰ.研究表明,在催化剂存在下,CO2和H2可发生两个平行反应,分别生成CH3OH和CO,反应的热化学方程式如下:反应①
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/99a7bc84f8f581c770982786dd05c3c5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4871c53657d5cee280042329f58ec46b.png)
反应②
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c434626d3e4ce08eb031827fee5a69a1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5286fc6596d28d813d7b2863d7035a4.png)
(1)关于上述反应①说法正确的是___________。
A.△S>0 | B.△S<0 | C.低温自发 | D.高温自发 |
A.混合气体的平均相对分子质量不变 | B.混合气体的密度不变 |
C.v (H2)正=v (CO)正 | D.n(CO)/n(H2)不变 |
A.降低反应温度 | B.增大压强(物质状态不变) |
C.增大CO2的物质的量 | D.混合气体中掺入一定量惰性气体(不参与反应) |
Ⅱ.T1时,将1.00 mol CO2和3.00molH2充入体积为1.00L的恒容密闭容器中发生反应①,已知容器起始压强为p0,经过3h反应达到平衡,平衡后混合气体的物质的量为3.00mol。
(4)达到平衡时,CO2的转化率为
(5)该过程中H2的平均反应速率为
(6)写出反应①的平衡常数表达式K=
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4be5a609f1ce6afe3fa6f844258f4109.png)
温度/℃ | 400 | 500 | 850 |
平衡常数 | 9.94 | 9 | K1 |
(1)该反应的ΔH
(2)若在500 ℃时进行上述反应,某时刻测得四种物质的体积分数彼此相等,则此时反应
(3)850 ℃时在一个固定体(反应器中,投入2 molCO和3 molH2O(g),发生上述反应,CO和H2O(g)的浓度变化如图所示,则
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2017/11/8/1812655575842817/1813477571821568/STEM/a4711dc634c54a19a461579fd9fd2bec.png?resizew=214)
①4 min时H2的物质的量分数=
③若4分钟时测得反应的热效应数值为a kJ,则该反应的热化学方程式为:
④若第6分钟将容器压缩为5L,画出6~8分钟CO的浓度变化图象(注明起点坐标)
(4)t1℃(高于850℃)时,在相同容器中发生上述反应,容器内各物质的浓度随时间变化如下表。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2017/11/8/1812655575842817/1813477571821568/STEM/5e897962e3934d11a86ab91b04deb276.png?resizew=593)
①3~4min时,v正
②反应在4 min~5 min,平衡向逆方向移动,可能的原因是
A.增加水蒸气 B.降低温度 C.使用催化剂 D.增加氢气浓度
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
(1)已知:反应I.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1a7c9b40803c25e3007378a6429b6c5e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3aef796b130f0beb6f87bf04125e5ac4.png)
反应Ⅱ.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d5a98b8122d64a4987ca8cd6ddb2c4d5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1ff9abd0411844499132bc37e735b747.png)
则反应Ⅲ.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/69e9f0bea5f8315148d8d152c900e7bd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/22e1324e1e9318481b6e7264c8595804.png)
(2)保持温度不变,向体积恒定为2L的密闭容器中,充入
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b59a7d02b76106290c704e08df45e4a4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8abaa54031f901b876a60350cf5aaace.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7885a02a48d61bbb2dcecffee289187e.png)
时间/min | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 |
![]() | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5e62c8d8af5df512abb2e3c328278973.png)
②6min时,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d4d1f1e78b8ee320c79a71d3308b8db0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d4d1f1e78b8ee320c79a71d3308b8db0.png)
③写出既能加快反应Ⅲ的反应速率,又能提高反应Ⅲ中
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
(3)在不同条件下,按起始量
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b50777fcbbb2e0e82679b46c75d1b66e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/da1ce7daadd82fffcf3a3d8f28b91525.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9251dff989f7d60db751b73033dee269.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/09b51ee6fe038c30ffb16019af67a9fe.png)
已知化学键键能数据如表:
化学键 | C﹣H | C=O | H﹣H | C≡O(CO) | ||
键能(kJ/mol) | 413 | 745 | 436 | 1075 |
(1)①CO2与CH4经催化重整,制得合成气:CH4(g)+CO2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de4ac184aef047428370bf877105fa50.png)
②在恒容绝热条件下,一定能说明该反应已达平衡状态的是
A.混合气体的密度不再变化B.混合气体的平均相对分子质量不再变化
C.容器内的温度不再变化D.v正(CH4)=2v逆(H2)
(2)利用CO2可制取甲醇,其反应为:CO2(g)+3H2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8c352289143a7eb0dc8491ac2701aff9.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/3/12/9f272bd7-bda9-4667-9bb6-7a43f7748492.png?resizew=190)
(3)下列措施能使
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1fe540daeac4d5eb748d9735d9273d27.png)
A.降低温度
B.恒温恒容下,再充入2molCO2、6molH2
C.使用高效催化剂
D.恒温恒容充入He(g)使体系压强增大
(4)一种熔融碳酸盐燃料电池原理示意如图2。
①该电池的负极反应式为
②电池工作时,CO32﹣向电极
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/3/12/b0282ae8-53a8-4ffe-a3fb-0353a9d6074e.png?resizew=286)
(1)在尿素合成塔中发生的反应分两步进行,其能量变化和反应历程如图所示:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/9/10/642940ce-17dc-4642-94a6-bf3b747cc268.jpg?resizew=442)
已知:E1=E2-15.5=E3-119.2=E4-129.3=E5-189.4
①图中所示两步反应中,第一步反应是
②有利于第一步反应正向进行的条件是
a.高温、高压 b.高温、低压 c.低温、高压 d.低温、低压
(2)T ℃时,向2 L的密闭容器中,通入2 mol NH3和1 mol CO2,保持体积不变,发生反应2NH3(g)+CO2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e98feedde5546db26eb490641ba3a817.png)
①NH3的平衡转化率为
②能说明上述反应达到平衡状态的是
A.n(CO2)∶n(NH3)=1∶2
B.混合气体的密度不再发生变化
C.单位时间内消耗2 mol NH3,同时生成1 mol H2O
D.CO2的体积分数在混合气体中保持不变
③若10 min时保持温度和压强不变,再向容器中同时充入0.5 mol CO2和0.5 mol H2O(g),则此时平衡
(1)已知:甲烷和乙酸的燃烧热△H分别为-890.31kJ·mol-1、-876.72kJ·mol-1,试写出甲烷与CO2合成乙酸的热化学方程式:
(2)甲烷和二氧化碳一步转化为液体产品的选择性如下图所示,其中选择性最高的产品是
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/8/28/58b40128-424f-4ce4-901c-be5517048b74.png?resizew=348)
(3)在某一钢性密闭容器中CH4、CO2的分压分别为25kPa、30kPa,加入Ni/α-Al2O3催化剂并加热至1123K使其发生反应:CH4(g)+CO2(g)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2019/3/12/2158860119228416/2161994570612736/STEM/c72bec95eee64cd3ad5261068ddae77a.png?resizew=33)
①研究表明CO的生成速率υco=1.28×10-2·p(CH4)·p(CO2) (mol·g-1·s-1),某时刻测得p(H2)=20kPa,则p(CH4)=
②达到平衡后测得体系总压是起始时的1.8倍,则该反应的平衡常数Kp=
③温度对产物流量及平衡转化率的影响如图所示,可知反应△H
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/8/28/a0e06014-b4e1-4524-a8f5-bedd76b0f493.png?resizew=324)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/faea52196e0ea1a3b68faf1272304d04.png)
(1)已知
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7667f03b32b94de0cbc48348dbc194d7.png)
①该反应在
②某实验小组模拟上述净化过程,一定温度下,在容积为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c424e9f778fdc2a13a59898ab0ccbbe3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f5547e0098754a8e3f31bae5d5bcb4dd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2d6149377ee90af173136c0119993ccb.png)
甲 | 乙 |
![]() | ![]() |
![]() | ![]() |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/843e76389455788c0be1ae845263d672.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/faea52196e0ea1a3b68faf1272304d04.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f5547e0098754a8e3f31bae5d5bcb4dd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/399d3afa7d61d212b666381c8df20576.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9110e80d125190c4b5bed606e1fc2220.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/5/10/0ce38426-9045-4cb7-8ef9-a729e015289e.png?resizew=386)
模拟尾气 | 气体 | 碳烟 | ||
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ||
物质的量 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 9.475 | a |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ed7f6704c8ff88083402271744165863.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a93c9642add0c939b767d3e664691143.png)
②实验过程中采用
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9110e80d125190c4b5bed606e1fc2220.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/faea52196e0ea1a3b68faf1272304d04.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2d6149377ee90af173136c0119993ccb.png)