1 . Fire was discovered many thousands of years ago. The first time humans saw fire was probably when a tree was destroyed by lightning(闪电). Humans soon learned how to make fire. They probably made the first fire by rubbing (摩擦) two sticks together.
Fire was very important to humans. They needed to keep warm at night. They used fire to cook food. They used fire to keep enemies and wild animals away. In some parts of the world fire was used to send messages. The Indians in America, for example, used fire to make smoke(烟雾) as a message. In some other countries people lit fires to warn their friends of danger.
Fire was also used to give light. Before the invention of the oil lamp(灯), humans burned sticks to get light.
One man even used fire to tell the time. He invented a candle clock. He made a candle that took exactly twelve hours to burn. Then he marked this candle in twelve equal(相等的) parts. He lit the candle and could tell the time by counting the number of parts left of the burning candle. But the candle clock did not always work well. If there was a wind blowing on the candle, it burned too quickly.
（一）根据短文内容简要回答问题。
1. How did Indians in America use fire?
2. What happened to the candle if there was a wind blowing on it?
（二）将短文中划线的句子译成汉语。
3.
4.
（三）请给短文拟一个适当的标题。
5.
2 . Many people say that they are working too many hours. They don’t have enough time to relax or to stay with their family.
Work hours are different from one country to another. In France, people spend about 1, 646 hours a year at work. In Japan, however, people work about 2, 159 hours a year. That means a Japanese worker works 513 more hours a year than a French worker.
Why do people work so many hours? Some people work extra hours because they want to make more money. However, many companies don’t pay overtime. Their workers don’t get more pay for more work. Some people think it’s their duty to work more hours. Some are afraid of losing their jobs if they don’t work more hours.
Many people say that their vacations are too short. In France, people get five weeks of paid vacation a year. In Germany, they get four to six weeks, and in the United States, two weeks. One study shows fewer than half of workers used all their vacation days. In Great Britain, there is a saying, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” If that is true, there must be a lot of dull people in the world.
1. A Japanese worker works ________ more hours a year than a French one.| A．513 | B．1, 646 | C．2, 159 | D．3, 805 |
| A．税费 | B．加班费 | C．学费 | D．冷饮费 |
| A．France | B．Germany | C．the United States | D．Great Britain |
| A．No companies offer vacations to their workers. | B．Many people say they have enough time to relax. |
| C．Not all companies pay their workers for more work. | D．More than half of workers use all their vacation days. |
| A．Many workers have to work long hours. | B．Many people have vacations long enough. |
| C．Work hours are the same around the world. | D．There are a lot of dull people in the world. |
3 . In China, more and more middle school students are getting shorter sleeping time than before. Most students sleep less than nine hours every night, because they have much homework to do. The homework is from their teachers and their parents. Also, some students don’t know how to save time. They are not careful enough while they do their homework, so it takes them a lot of time. Some students spend too much time watching TV or playing computer games. They stay up(熬夜) very late. Some students have to get up early every morning on weekdays to get to school on time by bus or by bike. It can be a long way from home to school.
Schools and parents should cut down some of the homework so that our children can enjoy more than nine hours of sleep every night for their health. For children, we should make best use of our time. When we have enough time for sleeping, we will find it much better for both our study and health.
1. What makes most students sleep less than nine hours every night?| A．Watching TV. | B．Playing computer games. | C．Doing their homework. | D．Doing housework. |
| A．Their parents. | B．Other students. | C．The children themselves. | D．Nobody else. |
| A．Less than 9 hours. | B．Over 9 hours. | C．Only 9 hours. | D．8 hours. |
| A．He would fall asleep in class. | B．He would do well in study. |
| C．He would finish his homework fast. | D．He would have good health. |
| A．Some students are so careless that they spend lots of time on their homework. |
| B．All the students stay up late for their homework. |
| C．Children should be given less homework. |
| D．Schools and parents should take care of children. |
4 . In many English homes people eat four meals a day: breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner.
People have breakfast at any time from seven to nine in the morning. They eat porridge, eggs or bread. English people drink tea or coffee at breakfast. Lunch comes at one o’clock. Afternoon tea is from four to five in the afternoon and dinner is about half past seven. First they have soup, and then they have meat or fish with vegetables. After that they eat some other things, like bananas, apples or oranges.
But not all English people eat like that. Some of them have their dinner in the middle of the day. Their meals are breakfast, dinner, tea and supper and all these meals are very necessary.
1. Many English people have _______ meals a day.| A．two | B．three | C．four | D．three or four |
| A．tea and eggs | B．porridge, eggs, bread, tea or coffee |
| C．tea and coffee | D．bread and eggs |
| A．any time | B．nine o’clock | C．five o’clock | D．one o’clock |
| A．porridge | B．bananas and apples | C．some soup and meat | D．meat and fish |
| A．at one o’clock | B．about half past seven | C．at noon | D．at night |
5 . This is Hong Kong Middle School. It is very big and beautiful. There are 34 classes, 300 teachers and 3,500 students in the school. In the middle of the school there is a tall building. It’s for us to have classes. All the classrooms are there. There are some small rooms, too. They are offices for the teachers to work. All the teachers get ready for their lessons there.
In front of the tall building, there is a small one. It is the library. There are many books there. The teachers and the students like to read books in it. Sometimes they borrow(借) books from it.
There is a dining hall behind the tall building. Some of the students have lunch in it.
I like my new school very much.
1. The Hong Kong Middle School is _______.| A．small | B．big | C．beautiful | D．B and C |
| A．3,200. | B．3,500. | C．3,800. | D．4,000. |
| A．read books | B．play games | C．have classes | D．have lunch |
| A．the classrooms | B．the library | C．the dining hall | D．the offices |
| A．behind | B．in front of | C．in the front of | D．next to |
6 . Many of us don’t pay much attention to the importance of eye care. It is said that if you take care of your body, then you can surely be healthy. That is why our eyes should be given a lot of care. Natural eye care should be put in a number one place.
There are several causes leading to poor eyesight like not enough food, genes(基因) and aging(老化). Televisions, computers and reading are also the causes of having poor eyesight. If you happen to work in front of the computer, it is best to take a break every once in a while. Something dirty can cause redness and they will make you feel uncomfortable. It is bad for your eyes, too. If this happens, the best way is to clean your eyes by using cold water. You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful things. For example, sunglasses are not just for fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight form UV rays.
Eating healthy foods will do good to your eyesight. Remember that vitamins A, C and E are good for eyes. Try to eat food groups that have these vitamins. And you should do eye exercises because exercise protects your eyesight, too. If a person exercises regularly(定期地) and eats the right kind of food, his eyes will stay in good condition for a long time.
All above are natural ways of eye care that help us keep healthy eyes. Being happy all the time can be helpful to a person’s eyesight, too. In a word, eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is.
1. ________ is the most important way to protect our eyes.| A．Natural eye care | B．Taking medicine | C．Seeing the doctor | D．Being happy all the time |
| A．age | B．height | C．reading | D．computers |
| A．Eat healthy foods. | B．Clean the eye by using cold water. |
| C．Wear a pair of sunglasses. | D．Have a rest after working for a while. |
| A．沙尘 | B．闪电 | C．紫外线 | D．超声波 |
| A．Ways of Eye Care | B．Ways of Eye Exercises | C．Ways of Being Happy | D．Ways of Being Healthy |
7 . If you want to travel from Xi’an to Chengdu by train, it will take about 16 hours. But starting this month, the new Xi’an-Chengdu high-speed railway will shorten this travel time to three hours.
The 643-kilometer line is China’s first high-speed railway to run through the Qinling Mountains, which form a natural boundary (分界线) between China’s north and south. With a speed of 250 km perhour, it’s also the first mountain-heavy train line to provide a 4G network. Along the way, the train passes through two areas for rare (稀有) wild animals-one for pandas and the other for crested ibises (朱鹮).
To reduce the railway’s influence on the animals, workers and experts have designed and built the railway to be environmentally friendly. There were 345 wild pandas living in the Qinling Mountains. China currently has 1,864 wild pandas in total, according to the Xinhua News Agency.
To avoid disturbing the pandas, the railway was designed to run through tunnels (隧道)within the are Protective shields (防护屏) are placed near the entrance of each tunnel to stop animals from going in.
To protect the thousands of crested ibises that fly near one part of the railway, protective nets have been set up to make sure the birds will not fly into a train.The nets are about 32km long and 4 meters high. Experts tested different shapes and materials for building the nets before making their final choice.
1. From this month, it will take ________ to travel from Xi’an to Chengdu by the high-speed train.| A．16 hours | B．13 hours | C．3 hours | D．1 hour |
| A．It is China’s first high-speed railway. |
| B．It runs through the Qinling Mountains. |
| C．It is the first mountain-heavy train line. |
| D．It is the first train line with a 4G net work. |
| A．To save money and energy. | B．To avoid damaging the mountains. |
| C．To avoid harming wild animals. | D．To help the train run through tunnels quietly. |
| A．Xi’an Chengdu high-speed railway. | B．How to protect pandas and crested ibises. |
| C．Qinling Mountains. | D．Protective shields and nets. |
8 . 
Kobe Bryant was born with basketball already in his blood. His dad was a former NBA star. When Kobe was six years old, his dad started playing basketball in Europe, so his family moved to Italy. The family stayed there for seven years. While living in Italy, Kobe learned to speak fluent Italian and started playing basketball.
The family moved back to the United States when Kobe was 13 and he started playing high school basketball. Kobe figured he was already good enough to play in the NBA, so he skipped college and was selected right after high school by the Charlotte Hornets（夏洛特黄蜂队） in the first round of the 1996 NBA Draft（NBA选秀状元）. In a trade the Hornets are still crying about, they sent Kobe to the LA Lakers（洛杉矶湖人队）. Despite not going to college, Kobe was a quick learner on the courts of the NBA. He played in the NBA All-Star Game for the first time in 1998 and by 2000, Kobe had developed into one of basketball’s best players. Kobe and Shaquille O'Neal（奥尼尔） teamed up to lead the LA Lakers to three straight NBA Championship Titles from 2000 to 2002.
In 2003, Kobe was caught by the police.
In 2004, the case against Kobe was dropped, but Kobe still had to live with a damaged reputation.
In 2004, Kobe tried to prove that he could lead the LA Lakers without Shaq. After Kobe told the Lake he wouldn’t be wearing the purple and gold if Shaq was in the team, O’Neal was traded to the Miami Heat（迈阿密热火队） before the 2004-2005 season. The trade was good news for the Heat, who won the NBA championship with O’Neal. In the next few years, Kobe grew disappointed as his team repeatedly suffered first round exits. The 2007-2008 season is when the LA Lakers finally got over the hump. They went on to have the best record of any team.
Although Kobe has passed away on January 26th, 2020, his fans around the world will miss him forever.
1. By the first sentence, the author means ________| A．Kobe’s blood was special when he was born. | B．all of Kobe’s family members are basketball players. |
| C．Kobe liked to play with a basketball as a baby. | D．Kobe was born to be a basketball player. |
| A．the Charlotte Hornets regretted trading Kobe. |
| B．in 1998, Kobe became one of basketball’s best players. |
| C．the LA Lakers have won three NBA Championship Titles till now. |
| D．Kobe was confident about his playing before high school. |
a. Shaq was traded to the Heat.
b. Kobe was caught by the police.
c. Kobe’s family moved to Italy.
d. Kobe played in the NBA All-Star Game for the first time.
| A．c b a d | B．c d b a | C．c a b d | D．d c a b |
| A．gained the advantage | B．lost the game |
| C．went through the hard times | D．traded a better player |
| A．tell us how to be a basketball star | B．give us a brief introduction of Kobe |
| C．give us some news about some news about the NBA All-Star Game | D．introduce the La Lakers |
9 . An important question about eating out is who pays for the meal. If a friend of yours asks you to have lunch with him, you may say something like this, “I’m afraid it’ll have to be someplace cheap, as I have very little money.” The other person may say, “OK, I’ll meet you at McDonald’s.”
This means that the two agree to go Dutch, that is, each person pays for himself. He may also say, “Oh, no. I want to take you to lunch at Smith’s,” or “I want you to try the Chinese dumplings there. They’re great.” This means the person wants to pay for both of you. If you feel friendly towards this person, you can go with him and you needn’t pay for the meal. You may just say, “Thank you. That would be very nice.”
American customs about who pays for dates(约会)are much the same as in other parts of the world. In the old days, American women wanted men to pay for all the meals. But, today, a university girl or a woman in business world will usually pay her way during the day. If a man asks her for a dance outside the working hours, it means “Come, as my guest.” So as you can see, it is a polite thing to make the question clear at the very beginning.
1. If you have little money, _________.| A．you’ll have a cheap meal | B．you’ll borrow some from others |
| C．you’ll ask your friend to pay for your meal | D．you won’t want your friends to ask you to dinner |
| A．去饭馆 | B．就餐 | C．订餐 | D．各自付款 |
| A．he’s going to lend some money to you | B．he’s going to pay for your meal, too |
| C．he’ll be angry with you | D．he can’t understand you |
10 . If you ask me what my favorite sport is, my answer is swimming. I started learning how to swim when I was five years old. I have been swimming ever since.
There are many reasons why I love swimming, but I’ll just share a few with you. Maybe I can even encourage you to go for a swim.
The first reason I love swimming is that I feel totally relaxed whenever I leave the pool. I love the feeling of floating on the water and feeling almost weightless.
On the other hand, it can also be a competitive sport which raises your heartbeat. It’s amazing pushing yourself to the challenge of beating someone else to the finish line. It’s great fun racing across the pool as fast as you can!
Another reason that I love swimming is that it has more styles than other sports such as running and walking. It doesn’t feel like you’re doing the same thing over and over again.
In summer, swimming can be a nice, refreshing （恢复精力的） break! There’s nothing better than jumping into the water on a hot summer’s day. You can choose to swim in a swimming pool or in the sea.
And finally, it’s a life skill which everyone should have. Not only is it good for your health, but you never know when you’ll need your ability to swim.
1. In Paragraph 3, “floating” means “________” in Chinese.| A．跳跃 | B．漂浮 | C．翻滚 | D．日光浴 |
| A．swimming is a healthy sport | B．swimming is a useful life skill |
| C．everyone should have more life skills | D．you should teach your friends to swim |
| A．Swimming is relaxing. | B．Swimming is competitive. | C．Swimming is simple. | D．Swimming is refreshing. |
| A．How to Swim Better | B．Let’s Do Sports | C．A Swimming Star | D．Why I love Swimming |
