解题方法
1 . 如图,在平面直角坐标系
中,以坐标原点
为极点,极轴所在的直线为
轴,建立极坐标系,曲线
是经过极点且圆心
在极轴上,半径为1的圆;曲线
是著名的笛卡尔心形曲线,它的极坐标方程为
.
的极坐标方程,并求曲线
和曲线
交点(异于
点)的极径;
(2)曲线
的参数方程为
(为参数),若曲线
和曲线
交于除
点以外的
两点,求
的面积.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7ee31829d0d4d5f779a957d7df8058ab.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dde8112e8eb968fd042418dd632759e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81dea63b8ce3e51adf66cf7b9982a248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1241216f3c1cb5e73043dd1037f556d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1241216f3c1cb5e73043dd1037f556d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23f3ffe7abc59e2f65d827c8eab8d36a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2ee619c7f8262583d2f6a63c92e7df82.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1241216f3c1cb5e73043dd1037f556d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1241216f3c1cb5e73043dd1037f556d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23f3ffe7abc59e2f65d827c8eab8d36a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dde8112e8eb968fd042418dd632759e.png)
(2)曲线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ab94459e87c666facddbe1a23ae1899d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8a24a274aba1bc258bdb1f1142661066.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ab94459e87c666facddbe1a23ae1899d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23f3ffe7abc59e2f65d827c8eab8d36a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dde8112e8eb968fd042418dd632759e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7789a500686c7a73770404ead6af0590.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/89b754f20cbe682d781f5d1d062fa515.png)
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2 . 在直角坐标系
中,曲线
的参数方程为
(
为参数),曲线
的参数方程为
(t为参数).
(1)写出
及
的普通方程;
(2)以坐标原点
为极点,
轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,求
与
交点的极坐标.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7ee31829d0d4d5f779a957d7df8058ab.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1241216f3c1cb5e73043dd1037f556d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/487af60876eabfe010daecc0eda68bcd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/36a1b09c653185842513e24ebba60bb3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23f3ffe7abc59e2f65d827c8eab8d36a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1a628c2825192c26242bfdcf0787089a.png)
(1)写出
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1241216f3c1cb5e73043dd1037f556d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23f3ffe7abc59e2f65d827c8eab8d36a.png)
(2)以坐标原点
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dde8112e8eb968fd042418dd632759e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81dea63b8ce3e51adf66cf7b9982a248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1241216f3c1cb5e73043dd1037f556d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23f3ffe7abc59e2f65d827c8eab8d36a.png)
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3 . 在直角坐标系
中,曲线
的参数方程为
(其中
为参数).以坐标原点
为极点,
轴非负半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,直线
的极坐标方程为
.
(1)求直线
的直角坐标方程和曲线
的普通方程;
(2)已知点
,直线
与曲线
交于
两点,求
的值.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7ee31829d0d4d5f779a957d7df8058ab.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0144aa0faf7af095be119dae6559f4aa.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e170f206fdbbd834aad7580c727e2cc6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dde8112e8eb968fd042418dd632759e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81dea63b8ce3e51adf66cf7b9982a248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/272587c7a10e7f23cd16a56915003c8f.png)
(1)求直线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
(2)已知点
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c3627350f7d2ef1a7fb62343407719d4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/01c74a907dda6bb7d9d56d009d9df253.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/09fb4300038aaf81fb0f92d3c6b16d78.png)
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4 . 在直角坐标系
中,直线
的参数方程为
(
为参数).以坐标原点为极点,
轴的非负半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,曲线
的极坐标方程为
.
(1)求直线
的直角坐标方程及曲线
的普通方程;
(2)设点
在曲线
上,点
在直线
上,求
的最小值.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7ee31829d0d4d5f779a957d7df8058ab.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/310453b3043221c435a272a4a574a2cb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/36a1b09c653185842513e24ebba60bb3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81dea63b8ce3e51adf66cf7b9982a248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/549ea649efbff82eb432cdcc5cdd73b9.png)
(1)求直线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
(2)设点
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac047e91852b91af639feec23a9598b2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54a5d7d3b6b63fe5c24c3907b7a8eaa3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/084cf5ffced059f5653ee2a1023518b7.png)
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5 . 在直角坐标系
中,曲线
的参数方程为
(
为参数),以坐标原点为极点,以
轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,曲线
的极坐标方程为
.
(1)求曲线
的普通方程和曲线
的直角坐标方程;
(2)求
上的一点
到曲线
上一动点距离的范围.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7ee31829d0d4d5f779a957d7df8058ab.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5ef70682c65e54253e7f1bd132f2b880.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/36a1b09c653185842513e24ebba60bb3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81dea63b8ce3e51adf66cf7b9982a248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1241216f3c1cb5e73043dd1037f556d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a33e25d7b2bf774e7cd9758ec831f3e9.png)
(1)求曲线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1241216f3c1cb5e73043dd1037f556d.png)
(2)求
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5bad9a4a9365dc43f23c27b9a64426a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1241216f3c1cb5e73043dd1037f556d.png)
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6 . 在平面直角坐标系
中,直线
的参数方程为
(
为参数),以坐标原点
为极点,x轴正半轴为极轴,建立极坐标系.曲线C的极坐标方程为
.
(1)求曲线C的直角坐标方程和直线
的一般方程;
(2)设直线
与曲线C交于A,B两点,求
面积的最大值.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7ee31829d0d4d5f779a957d7df8058ab.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/88bf8a4f914a88ee917ab45b823dd6de.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/36a1b09c653185842513e24ebba60bb3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dde8112e8eb968fd042418dd632759e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f34ad37ee24b2a380d2310c54316067.png)
(1)求曲线C的直角坐标方程和直线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
(2)设直线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/15c0dbe3c080c4c4636c64803e5c1f76.png)
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7 . 在平面直角坐标系
中,直线l的参数方程为
(t为参数),以坐标原点O为极点,x轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,圆C的圆心为
,半径为1.
(1)求直线l的普通方程和圆C的直角坐标方程;
(2)在圆C上求一点P,使点P到直线l的距离最小,并求出最小距离.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7ee31829d0d4d5f779a957d7df8058ab.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/aafef8a2c66685feaf48c02311fb2b8b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1809e06d071a48fd1a5fa57250478889.png)
(1)求直线l的普通方程和圆C的直角坐标方程;
(2)在圆C上求一点P,使点P到直线l的距离最小,并求出最小距离.
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2024·全国·模拟预测
8 . 在直角坐标系
中,直线
的参数方程为
(
为参数).以坐标原点为极点,
轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,曲线
的极坐标方程为
.
(1)求直线
的普通方程和曲线
的直角坐标方程;
(2)已知
是曲线
上一点,求
到直线
距离的最大值.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7ee31829d0d4d5f779a957d7df8058ab.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54576872aead9342c65eb3cf26803e28.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/36a1b09c653185842513e24ebba60bb3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81dea63b8ce3e51adf66cf7b9982a248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3130985e0ab6154776b7b4b943633d50.png)
(1)求直线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
(2)已知
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac047e91852b91af639feec23a9598b2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac047e91852b91af639feec23a9598b2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
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名校
9 . 在平面直角坐标系xOy中,直线l的参数方程为
(t为参数).以原点O为极点,x轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,曲线Γ的极坐标方程为
.
(1)求出直线l的普通方程和曲线Γ的直角坐标方程;
(2)设直线l与曲线Γ相交于A、B两点,求|AB|的值.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac86c278c149d5ff53f8564ed10d354a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/925b34a1e7a48f450d883f9a0197e5c9.png)
(1)求出直线l的普通方程和曲线Γ的直角坐标方程;
(2)设直线l与曲线Γ相交于A、B两点,求|AB|的值.
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10 . 在平面直角坐标系
中,以O为极点,x轴非负半轴为极轴建立极坐标系.已知曲线C的极坐标方程为
.
(1)求曲线C在直角坐标系中的普通方程;
(2)已知
,直线
与曲线C交于A,B两点,求
的值.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7ee31829d0d4d5f779a957d7df8058ab.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/69cf89e94eb51129f144d9809ec290f7.png)
(1)求曲线C在直角坐标系中的普通方程;
(2)已知
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9dbcf0320d94734aedd3d4e2e31b9827.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d93d4a86dbc3b19c57eae48af6f3ffa1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ada2c0d0d7ff65a59654d1bcf345cbec.png)
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