名校
1 . 在信息理论中,
和
是两个取值相同的离散型随机变量,分布列分别为:
,
,
,
,
,
.定义随机变量
的信息量
,
和
的“距离”
.
(1)若
,求
;
(2)已知发报台发出信号为0和1,接收台收到信号只有0和1.现发报台发出信号为0的概率为
,由于通信信号受到干扰,发出信号0接收台收到信号为0的概率为
,发出信号1接收台收到信号为1的概率为
.
(ⅰ)若接收台收到信号为0,求发报台发出信号为0的概率;(用
,
表示结果)
(ⅱ)记随机变量
和
分别为发出信号和收到信号,证明:
.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f022950e0faa45b617d497b01b5292b9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54a829fdd8ec0f3b7ede883cf2c3e53b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b08fcbcf19c6ca72cd66c201ef43f9ce.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f4380cd57f824c5d9df1ca493cbd8cf.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cfe82ce73937d36166659f21492c825e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d1a870945a04cd86f2e0026fc53a2b36.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/12b0e3b00fe47801afb53ec56706c21a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/27b4e8e7a49dbe86419e00672d1927c4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f022950e0faa45b617d497b01b5292b9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dd67429e1b0f56bc66a547fc9c6eed2b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f022950e0faa45b617d497b01b5292b9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54a829fdd8ec0f3b7ede883cf2c3e53b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5633fa4fa8837dff506561b7943715fb.png)
(1)若
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/17d0c830d39efe08dad4f2104325b8c8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/59a8bb9552579e3cd3c7d693ce37b445.png)
(2)已知发报台发出信号为0和1,接收台收到信号只有0和1.现发报台发出信号为0的概率为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/29c8578f06897aa6fb84aa95c797d3d8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9aa8a716a31b0f51b70fdf9bdb257909.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/47d9b426bcc34a2cca2184dc1310f5e4.png)
(ⅰ)若接收台收到信号为0,求发报台发出信号为0的概率;(用
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1010846eeec6c9da29640f5aa3f8738.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9aa8a716a31b0f51b70fdf9bdb257909.png)
(ⅱ)记随机变量
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f022950e0faa45b617d497b01b5292b9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54a829fdd8ec0f3b7ede883cf2c3e53b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3719852c05eef71dd595791e3dc10de7.png)
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4卷引用:江西省上饶市稳派上进六校联考2024届高三5月第二次联合考试数学试题
名校
2 . 马尔科夫链是概率统计中的一个重要模型,也是机器学习和人工智能的基石,在强化学习、自然语言处理、金融领域、天气预测等方面都有着极其广泛的应用.其数学定义为:假设我们的序列状态是……
,…,那么
时刻的状态的条件概率仅依赖前一状态
,即
.
现实生活中也存在着许多马尔科夫链,例如著名的赌徒模型.
假如一名赌徒进入赌场参与一个赌博游戏,每一局赌徒赌赢的概率为
,且每局赌赢可以赢得1元,每一局赌徒赌输的概率为
,且赌输就要输掉1元.赌徒会一直玩下去,直到遇到如下两种情况才会结束赌博游戏:记赌徒的本金为
一种是赌金达到预期的B元,赌徒停止赌博;另一种是赌徒输光本金后,赌徒可以向赌场借钱,最多借A元,再次输光后赌场不再借钱给赌徒.赌博过程如图的数轴所示.
时,最终欠债 A元(可以记为该赌徒手中有 ![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c590e4795751a8b932c63e0ad3bc49dd.png)
元)概率为
,请回答下列问题:
(1)请直接写出
与
的数值.
(2)证明
是一个等差数列,并写出公差d.
(3)当
时,分别计算
时,
的数值,论述当B持续增大时,
的统计含义.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/02e54fb0a18558ef56d8100f58564c84.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d4b49fdb5924134bfc54266f0fee35ec.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2eb150b73ea7c87972a0b57510a99472.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d5a27e7e2acb3aef8c7c9b504e8a5ab2.png)
现实生活中也存在着许多马尔科夫链,例如著名的赌徒模型.
假如一名赌徒进入赌场参与一个赌博游戏,每一局赌徒赌赢的概率为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3b1065ae0947705c7d16a5a86c78f07e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3b1065ae0947705c7d16a5a86c78f07e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5e9063713e024a66e6daca3ec781a639.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/91c4c2fe859ad0805dcc2fc26d6dc537.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c590e4795751a8b932c63e0ad3bc49dd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/532084481ae3a67c8208b7783bf22e8e.png)
(1)请直接写出
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fabb71334b127f1719f2a5e728d5fae1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b459aa38bd06fa9b5b0412c51121dd48.png)
(2)证明
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/aaef76a1500c26dc42bd88f89c15dd27.png)
(3)当
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5bf47b8e265017c3a85fe62885cfe326.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3f2761b0fdb9640f2def02525128c74a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/391c6e33329f5f4ad0c5107520d9a5cf.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/391c6e33329f5f4ad0c5107520d9a5cf.png)
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2024-04-17更新
|
1187次组卷
|
3卷引用:江西省南昌市第十九中学2024届高三下学期第四次模拟考试数学试卷
江西省南昌市第十九中学2024届高三下学期第四次模拟考试数学试卷辽宁省实验中学2023-2024学年高二下学期3月月考数学试题(已下线)专题03 第七章 随机变量及其分布列--高二期末考点大串讲(人教A版2019)
2023·江西·二模
解题方法
3 . 小刚在闲暇之时设计了如下一个“数列”
满足:
,当
为偶数时,
,当
为奇数时,
有
的几率为
,有
的几率为
.
(1)求
的分布列和数学期望.
(2)求
的前
项和的数学期望
.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/83cf38189d5cbf627d2b82ac0eb76006.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b065334d8f60c49f4bd3d9f1373fe4cd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/96abfe2da27a63e6affb19a0c80236d9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/47c42577dc3bfca7b63273058944e4cf.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/96abfe2da27a63e6affb19a0c80236d9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/090426eb29836bc30c006b3739c08057.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f89eef3148f2d4d09379767b4af69132.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23016d1186ebefd8d67387f43f100229.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f89eef3148f2d4d09379767b4af69132.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2f6943a61b9827658e4900e6ccb3777e.png)
(1)求
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f65fc200f10b97588a0c9896277c9c64.png)
(2)求
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/96abfe2da27a63e6affb19a0c80236d9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b6a24198bd04c29321ae5dc5a28fe421.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/08eb71ecf8d733b6932f4680874dbbf3.png)
您最近一年使用:0次
2023·江西·二模
解题方法
4 . 李华在研究化学反应时,把反应抽象为小球之间的碰撞,而碰撞又分为有效碰撞和无效碰撞,李华有3个小球
和3个小球
,当发生有效碰撞时,
,
上的计数器分别增加2计数和1计数,
,
球两两发生有效碰撞的概率均为
,现在李华取三个球让他们之间两两碰撞,结束后从中随机取一个球,发现其上计数为2,则李华一开始取出的三个球里,小球
个数的期望是( )个
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0a6936d370d6a238a608ca56f87198de.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2c94bb12cee76221e13f9ef955b0aab1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0a6936d370d6a238a608ca56f87198de.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2c94bb12cee76221e13f9ef955b0aab1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0a6936d370d6a238a608ca56f87198de.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2c94bb12cee76221e13f9ef955b0aab1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f89eef3148f2d4d09379767b4af69132.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0a6936d370d6a238a608ca56f87198de.png)
A.1.2 | B.1.6 | C.1.8 | D.2 |
您最近一年使用:0次
5 . 如图,已知正方体
顶点处有一质点Q,点Q每次会随机地沿一条棱向相邻的某个顶点移动,且向每个顶点移动的概率相同.从一个顶点沿一条棱移动到相邻顶点称为移动一次.若质点Q的初始位置位于点A处,记点Q移动n次后仍在底面ABCD上的概率为
,则下列说法正确的是( )
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6e09725691ee7851f54c0dee86b2bf55.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bf83e20035c3afd6d26ebfd53d768a70.png)
A.![]() |
B.![]() |
C.点Q移动4次后恰好位于点![]() |
D.点Q移动10次后仍在底面ABCD上的概率为![]() |
您最近一年使用:0次
2022-05-21更新
|
2693次组卷
|
7卷引用:江西省南昌市第十九中学2024届高三上学期模拟数学试题
6 . 超级细菌是一种耐药性细菌,产生超级细菌的主要原因是用于抵抗细菌侵蚀的药物越来越多,但是由于滥用抗生素的现象不断的发生,很多致病菌也对相应的抗生素产生了耐药性,更可怕的是,抗生素药物对它起不到什么作用,病人会因为感染而引起可怕的炎症,高烧,痉挛,昏迷甚至死亡.某药物研究所为筛查某种超级细菌,需要检验血液是否为阳性,现有n(
)份血液样本,每个样本取到的可能性相等,有以下两种检验方式:(1)逐份检验,则需要检验n次;(2)混合检验,将其中k(
且
)份血液样本分别取样混合在一起检验,若检验结果为阴性,则这份的血液全为阴性,因而这k份血液样本只要检验一次就够了;如果检验结果为阳性,为了明确这k份血液究竟哪几份为阳性,就要对这k份血液再逐份检验,此时这k份血液的检验次数总共为
次.假设在接受检验的血液样本中,每份样本的检验结果是阳性还是阴性都是独立的,且每份样本是阳性结果的概率为p(
).现取其中k(
且
)份血液样本,记采用逐份检验方式,样本需要检验的总次数为
,采用混合检验方式,样本需要检验的总次数为
.
(1)运用概率统计的知识,若
,试求P关于k的函数关系式
;
(2)若P与抗生素计量
相关,其中
,
,…,
(
)是不同的正实数,满足
,对任意的
(
),都有
.
(i)证明:
为等比数列;
(ii)当
时,采用混合检验方式可以使得样本需要检验的总次数期望值比逐份检验的总次数期望值更少,求k的最大值.
参考数据:
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cea4ac187cbb465180e89f38250b3970.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/31e36bff57bcfa86432b340e25e51d42.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7c972cbd63decec197aec1bdc306de67.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1b00f4eb7f1bd2ccefbabf0c1dfa8f69.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/20c11f6c800b8e0410674a0c6d307d26.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/31e36bff57bcfa86432b340e25e51d42.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7c972cbd63decec197aec1bdc306de67.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d388f32e318b0c7f2d9d10a5c6525b15.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/90f1ce5bbcc57f96d99d2c4f27cc2e42.png)
(1)运用概率统计的知识,若
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6bd314aee9f06722598766b752fa1e73.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3cb00792538f7ae7cd3303b465fada7a.png)
(2)若P与抗生素计量
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3282e5fde4ae53fcb1bb072a685304c9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c814128ea2139e33db94ea590e7c2223.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/aec19b68e3add9d5bfcc6269a1855b87.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3282e5fde4ae53fcb1bb072a685304c9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0704f453b2de48d36911f7db496bbf82.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/87a60302649eb940748da818199e55da.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cea4ac187cbb465180e89f38250b3970.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0704f453b2de48d36911f7db496bbf82.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/13e0971156c0d533e2bf52877ee6a74c.png)
(i)证明:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e976c0663fa749ca749f99842d21ca03.png)
(ii)当
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/01c8f13606268b633ec8685a36743e8d.png)
参考数据:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b0591d9f78b4f4f78c5bd6baaa602ae0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/289ad328bffb5f497153dc0e59939257.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4086cd22f9543d857140a3a8e0a7fec9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3616e69114889d5d02099b6598a57136.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/401bda9057eb0da43fba681130b558f3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3507fab2af0d78ae1fbbfa7d38cb146e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0ce9df6d6e8d920d2399bd24ad4a8bf4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f4f947bec0390abfadff170732a0338.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4d54dec8bafe20965e9a2f685207a23e.png)
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