1 . Have you ever suddenly developed an appetite from a passing glance at a freeway billboard featuring a brightly colored cheeseburger, or decided to step into a candy or ice cream store displaying a window full of lively shades and hues (色调) of sweet treats？If so, you are in good company. Unless we are medically restricted or strictly dieting, we are not likely to resist inviting fare simply because we recognize the lack of nutritional value.
Devina Wadhera and Elizabeth D. CapaldiPhillips in A Review of Visual Cues Associated with Food on Food Acceptance and Consumption recognize the impact of sensory cues (信号) on food consumption and enjoyment, and the potential they have to promote healthy eating behavior. They cite previous research in providing some interesting examples of the visual impact of different color schemes (方案) on taste and food enjoyment. They note that pink food on a white plate was considered sweeter and more flavorful than the same food on a black plate. Apparently, we consume food with more of our senses than we realize.
So when we’re faced with so many appealing food choices and given the rainbow of colors around us, is there any way to control our appetite? Thankfully, some research says yes.
Oliver Genschow demonstrated that when it comes to eating less, colors impact consumption. They specifically researched the effect of the color red. They found that people ate fewer pretzels when using a red plate, as opposed to white or blue, and drank less from a red cup than a blue cup. They suggested that the color red reduces food and drink intake by functioning as a stop signal.
But when it comes to healthy eating, instead of putting on a pair of sunglasses to block the inviting hues of food cues, consider the value of discipline. Healthy eating involves intentional choices, not mindless responses to sensory cues. And before you invest in much red tableware to slim down, remember that what goes onto the plates is much more important.
1. What may be a major reason for us to refuse eyecatching food?| A．The shortage of nutrition. |
| B．The rich color of fine foods. |
| C．The doctor's instructions. |
| D．Advertisements everywhere. |
| A．Benefits of different color schemes. |
| B．Interesting examples of food service. |
| C．The potential to promote food consumption. |
| D．Effects of sensory cues on eating behavior. |
| A．Follow the sensory response. |
| B．Make food choices sensibly. |
| C．Wear sunglasses to block colors. |
| D．Avoid colorful food intentionally. |
| A．How Can People Control Their Appetite? |
| B．How Are People Tricked by Color Schemes? |
| C．How Do Colors Impact Food's Appeal and Appetite? |
| D．How Do Bright Colors Make Food More Appealing? |
2 . I started cooking when I was thirteen. Both of my parents worked, so I was usually
A few moments later, I
Later that day, my mother told me, “You cannot rush yourself when cooking.” Rather, I should take steps, turning to the basics, such as learning about the ingredients and
I’ve learned that the first
| A．alone | B．energetic | C．anxious | D．excited |
| A．enjoy | B．prepare | C．serve | D．take |
| A．expectation | B．control | C．description | D．budget |
| A．owner | B．ruler | C．chef | D．researcher |
| A．agreed | B．decided | C．failed | D．switched |
| A．various | B．delicious | C．pricey | D．limited |
| A．placing | B．covering | C．washing | D．breaking |
| A．quit | B．slept | C．rushed | D．collapsed |
| A．standard | B．order | C．quality | D．amount |
| A．proudly | B．unconsciously | C．fearfully | D．eagerly |
| A．burning | B．exploding | C．disappearing | D．mixing |
| A．insisted | B．declared | C．grasped | D．explained |
| A．stopped | B．reduced | C．existed | D．emerged |
| A．working on | B．fixing on | C．referring to | D．contributing to |
| A．race | B．try | C．route | D．ride |
3 . Explore the National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden, which offers a relaxing setting for you to enjoy works of modern sculpture.
Chair Transformation Number 20B, made in 1996 — by Lucas Samaras
Here, Samaras explores the double meaning of “flight”, referring to both the starlike form created by the stacked chairs, and the movement of a single chair moving through space. From different viewpoints, the sculpture appears to be upright, leaning back, or springing forward. From the side, it even appears like a zigzagging (之字形的) line.
Typewriter Eraser, Scale X, made in 1998 — by Coosje van Bruggen
The artist chose the typewriter eraser as his model for this work based upon childhood memories of playing with the object in his father’s office. Here the brush arcs (作弧形运动) back, conveying a sense of motion, as if the wheellike eraser were rolling down the hill and making its way towards the gate of the garden.
Moondog, model 1974, made in 1998
1999 — by Tony Smith
The title itself comes from two sources: Moondog was the name of a blind poet and folk musician who lived in New York City, and Smith has also compared this sculpture to Dog Barking at the Moon, a painting by Joan Miro. He first created Moondog in 1974 as a 33inch cardboard model and cast it in bronze as a garden sculpture in 1980. This version was designed by Smith, but it was not completed until after his death.
Cheval Rouge (Red Horse), made in 1964 — by Alexander Calder
During the last two decades of his life, Alexander Calder devoted his greatest efforts to largescale mobiles and stabiles (立式抽象派雕塑), many of which have become popular public landmarks in cities around the world. Here the silky legs and tensile (张力的) upthrust “neck” recall the power of a horse. This stabile reflects Calder's statement: “I want to make things that are fun to look at.”
1. Which was based on its creator’s early life?| A．Moondog. | B．Cheval Rouge (Red Horse). |
| C．Typewriter Eraser, Scale X. | D．Chair Transformation Number 20B. |
| A．It was originally intended for a garden. |
| B．It was the only work of its creator. |
| C．It was inspired by a modern painter. |
| D．It wasn’t completed by its designer. |
| A．Tony Smith’s. | B．Lucas Samaras’. |
| C．Alexander Calder’s. | D．Coosje van Bruggen’s. |
4 . Although the weather is very hot now, the carnival of ice and snow is getting closer. The preparation work for Beijing Winter Olympic Games, which are expected to begin on Feb. 4, 2022, has entered its final stage. In January, 2021, the icemaking work on the “Ice Ribbon”, a landmark venue for the Beijing Winter Olympics, was completed.
In the Winter Olympics, where races can be won or lost by a small time gap, tiny imperfections in the ice can make all the difference. “It’s not just a hunk of ice like you’d normally think of, like ice cubes sitting in your freezer, ” told Kenneth Golden, a US mathematician who studies the structures of ice. “It’s a much more fascinating and complex substance than people would normally think.”
The first step for building any ice rink is to purify the water to remove dissolved solids like salts and minerals. Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal (六边形的) structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The more pure the water is, the more consistent the ice surface.
In addition to the need for excellence in the raw materials of icemaking, technology is also very important. As one of the most advanced technologies for winter sports venues, a carbon dioxide (CO2) cooling technology has been applied on a large scale for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. CO2 is not new when it comes to icemaking. However, it has been gradually replaced by the manmade refrigerant, like Freon.
With increasing attention toward climate change, the old refrigerant has come into use again. As an element of the atmosphere, CO2 doesn’t damage the ozone layer. Although CO2 is a greenhouse gas, its greenhouse effect is much lower than that of other synthetic refrigerants. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO2 instead of Freon as a refrigerant in icemaking, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly.
“We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to spectators all over the world in a more impressive way, ” told Gao Bo from the Media Operations Department of the Organizing Committee of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games.
1. What is the result of impurities in water for icemaking?| A．The water isn’t able to freeze completely. | B．The quality of the ice will be affected. |
| C．The ice surface will be more consistent. | D．It’s likely for athletes to fall on the ice. |
| A．It’s the most advanced technologies for icemaking. | B．CO2 is more efficient than other refrigerants. |
| C．CO2 is more environmentallyfriendly than Freon. | D．CO2 has already existed in the atmosphere. |
| A．Unclear. | B．Opposed. | C．Doubtful. | D．Favourable. |
| A．The Beijing Winter Olympic Games Is Coming | B．Beneath Olympic Ice |
| C．The Use of Refrigerants in Olympic Games | D．The Structure of Ice |
5 . Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something
Molai
| A．dream | B．job | C．home | D．choice |
| A．nature | B．youth | C．culture | D．knowledge |
| A．precious | B．interesting | C．disturbing | D．awkward |
| A．waste | B．tension | C．pain | D．damage |
| A．Besides | B．However | C．Therefore | D．Otherwise |
| A．agreed | B．realized | C．remembered | D．predicted |
| A．noise | B．heat | C．disease | D．dust |
| A．directions | B．partners | C．help | D．shelter |
| A．labor | B．police | C．forest | D．finance |
| A．rebuilt | B．discovered | C．left | D．managed |
| A．Decorating | B．Observing | C．Watering | D．Guarding |
| A．tough | B．illegal | C．fantastic | D．beneficial |
| A．back | B．top | C．foot | D．side |
| A．cool | B．make | C．purify | D．collect |
| A．returned | B．learned | C．failed | D．continued |
6 . When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
1. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?| A．He was fond of traveling. | B．He enjoyed being alone. |
| C．He had an inquiring mind. | D．He longed to be a doctor. |
| A．To feed the animals. | B．To build an ecosystem. |
| C．To protect the plants. | D．To test the eco-machine. |
| A．Nature can repair itself. | B．Organisms need water to survive. |
| C．Life on Earth is diverse. | D．Most tiny creatures live in groups. |
7 . In an ideal world, we would be able to devote as much time to sports as we feel we need. But in reality, with growing demands in both work and family, we can only jump at the chance for our physical exercise when we can. Making the most of that time to practice Yin Yang yoga, which mixes the dynamic and slow-paced elements of yoga, helps keep you active and relaxed.
Yin and Yang are the Taoist concepts representing a balance of opposite forces which are also interconnected. Yin is inactive, cooling, and negative, associated with the female force. Yang is active, warming, and positive, associated with action and movement. They are complementary to one another, as one cannot exist without the other.
Yin Yang yoga is a combination of high-energy movement which builds energy, increases strength and promotes stamina (耐力), followed by the more restful practice of Yin to give us a deeper stretch (拉伸) and calm the nervous system.
If you have a busy and active life you may feel more in Yang, so taking some cooler, slower Yin yoga practice into your routine may help you feel calmer and more balanced.
If you are practicing for an hour, divide the time in half, Warm up with sun salutations (拜日式瑜伽), continue into a dynamic flow and then move on to some standing postures. After half an hour your heart will be pumping, muscles tighten up and you are hopefully feeling energetic, but ready for a rest. Then pick five Yin postures to hold for 3-5 minutes, or even longer if you are enjoying them!
As ever with yoga, if you are a beginner or have health issues, always attend a class with a trained instructor first to guide you safely through the yoga practice and avoid injury.
1. What can be inferred from paragraph 1?| A．Most of our sports time should be spent on Yin Yang yoga. |
| B．We’d better devote as much time to physical exercise as we can. |
| C．Busy schedule makes it impossible for us to do any form of sports. |
| D．Yin Yang yoga can be a choice of physical exercise when time is tight. |
| A．Independent from one another. |
| B．Competitive against one another. |
| C．Similar to each other but unable to work together as a whole. |
| D．Different from each other but together making a good combination. |
| A．Relaxing muscles. | B．Building stamina. |
| C．Strengthening the body. | D．Quickening the heartbeat. |
| A．Hold each Yin posture for longer than 5 minutes. |
| B．Do not practice yoga when you are not in good health. |
| C．Start your yoga practice under the guidance of a trainer. |
| D．Spare half an hour for five Yin postures in every yoga practice. |
8 . A huge section of the Milne Ice Shelf, located on Ellesmere Island in the northern Canada, collapsed into the Arctic Ocean, according to the Canadian Ice Service. This created an “ice island” which is about 30 square miles in size. As a comparison, Manhattan Island is about 23 square miles.
“Entire cities are that size. These are big pieces of ice,” Luke Copland, a glaciologist at the University of Ottawa who was part of the research team studying the ice shelf, told Reuters. “This was the largest remaining intact (完整的) ice shelf, and it’s collapsed, basically. ”
The Canadian Ice Service said on Twitter that “above-normal air temperatures, offshore winds and open water in front of the ice shelf are all part of the recipe for the ice shelf to break up.” A huge section of the Milne Ice Shelf has collapsed into the Arctic Ocean, producing a 30-square-mile ice island.
The ice shelf has now been reduced in area by about 43%. An ice shelf is a thick slab of ice, attached to a coastline and extending out over the ocean, according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center. “Some shelves have existed for thousands of years,” the center said.
So what’s going on up there? Though the planet is warming worldwide due to climate change, the Arctic has been warming at a rate twice that of the rest of the world. This summer has been particularly warm: Arctic sea ice melted to its lowest July level on record and in June, a town in Siberia soared (急升) to 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit, believed to be a record high for the Arctic.
“When I first visited those ice caps, they seemed like such a permanent fixture of the landscape,” Mark Serreze, director of the NSIDC and geographer at the University of Colorado, Boulder, said in a statement. “To watch them die in less than 40 years just blows me away.”
1. Why does the author mention Manhattan Island in Paragraph 1?| A．To stress that Manhattan Island is vital for Canada. |
| B．To introduce where Manhattan Island locates. |
| C．To say the great collapse is terrible. |
| D．To compare two different places. |
| A．Its location. |
| B．Its huge body. |
| C．Special intact form. |
| D．Higher air temperatures. |
| A．Arctic sea ice melted to its lowest in June. |
| B．Climate change brings about great changes. |
| C．The earth is warming because of the loss of ice shelf. |
| D．The Arctic warms more slowly than the rest of the world. |
| A．Shocked. | B．Humorous. |
| C．Scientific. | D．Neutral. |
9 . A few years ago my sister moved from her home in Alabama to Buffalo, New York. Since moving to Buffalo she’s become a big hockey (曲棍球) fan and has encouraged me to start watching it. Unfortunately it’s very difficult to find hockey on television here in Alabama. Since hockey games don’t air very much on television, I’ve had to look for different ways to watch hockey games.
I often see websites that claim if you go to their website you can watch television on your computer. I try out many of these websites, hoping that one of the television stations is a northern station that airs hockey games. Unfortunately, most of them don’t work. Either the site doesn’t really give you what they advertise or their video player doesn’t work properly. But finally I’ve found one websites that actually works.
Free Tube is a site that you can go to and watch Television online for free. You don’t have to download any kind of special software or pay money or even sign up for anything. All you have to do is go to Free Tube, choose your channel and start watching.
The different channels to choose from are separated into different categories like news, business, entertainment, music and sports. You’re not going to find channels like NBC or ABC, so you can watch the latest episode of Heroes or Grey’s Anatomy but it does include some popular channels like Cartoon Network and ESPN.
There is also a movie section. Each movie channel airs different sorts of films like adventure, classics, comedy or horror and that channel will always air that kind of movies. The movie section also includes my favorite station called Max Trailers (预告片). Max Trailers airs nothing but movies trailers 24 hours a day. Some of the trailers are for movies coming out and some are for movies that have already been released but already released movies don’t go back farther than a couple of months.
So far I haven’t had any problems with Free Tube’s video player either. Whenever I choose a channel the video almost always works and usually loads every quickly. The only problem I have with Free Tube is that there is currently a fault if you’re using Firefox. Once you choose a channel you can’t select another channel to change to, your web browser will freeze up. So if you’re using Firefox, the only way to switch channels is to leave the site and re-enter the site, when choosing what channel you want to go to. However, Free Tube is aware of this fault and is working with Mozilla to get it fixed right away.
If you’re missing some show everyone is talking about like Grey’s Anatomy or Heroes, this isn’t really a solution for that. But Free Tube is a good way to find channels that you weren’t aware of; there are several good stations to be found.
1. The author mainly ________ in this passage.| A．tells us his experience in using the Web. | B．shows us the disadvantages of Free Tube |
| C．introduces Free Tube to the readers | D．shows us how to enjoy films online |
| A．because he is a sports fan | B．because he has nothing to do all day long |
| C．since everyone enjoys the games | D．due to his sister’s influence |
| A．the author is also very fond of movies |
| B．Max Trailers airs to-be-released movies |
| C．ABC is a very famous TV station in America |
| D．Firefox is the only software used to watch films online |
10 . I went with some colleagues for dinner in a very popular local restaurant. It was
As we were waiting for a table, we heard a crash when a cleaning boy
I had learned some first-aid lessons before, so I ran to the boy’s side
I slowly walked home, not hungry any more, feeling
| A．busy | B．local | C．spare | D．regular |
| A．kicked | B．touched | C．hit | D．swept |
| A．silence | B．danger | C．doubt | D．suffering |
| A．prediction | B．behaviour | C．experience | D．career |
| A．fell about | B．fell asleep | C．fell behind | D．fell ill |
| A．friends | B．strangers | C．partners | D．relatives |
| A．pay | B．return | C．take | D．put |
| A．frequently | B．quickly | C．sadly | D．excitedly |
| A．select | B．mix | C．remove | D．bring |
| A．knowing | B．wondering | C．ignoring | D．arguing |
| A．reminded | B．comforted | C．observed | D．encouraged |
| A．spotted | B．checked | C．noticed | D．finished |
| A．prepared | B．required | C．received | D．ordered |
| A．concerned | B．eager | C．grateful | D．ready |
| A．kindness | B．honor | C．respect | D．service |
