1 . Dorothea Dix was born in 1802 in Massachusetts. When she was 12 years old, she left her unhappy home to live with her grandmother in Boston. There Dorothea went to school and was so quick at her lessons that two years later she went back to Worcester, Massachusetts and taught in a school for little children. She was only fourteen and rather small for her age. Anyway, she proved herself a good teacher, and the children loved her and respected her. In 1821, she opened a school for girls in Boston.
Gradually, her health broke down, and she began to think that she could never work any more, but after a long rest in England, she came back to America and did something far greater than teaching. She went through the whole country where she first observed the inhumane treatment of the mentally ill. During Dorothea’s traveling for nearly two years throughout the state, and meeting similar conditions, she always spoke kindly to the ill-treated, but she spoke wrathfully to the men who ill-treated them. In January 1843, she submitted to the Massachusetts legislature (立法机关) a detailed report of her fully documented findings.
In the next 40 years Dorothea inspired legislators in 15 US states and in Canada to establish state hospitals for the mentally ill. Her continuous efforts directly affected the building of 32 institutions in the United States. When the Civil War broke out, she went straight to Washington and offered to nurse the soldiers without pay. She hired houses to keep supplies in and bought an ambulance. She gave her time, strength and money to her country.
Dorothea Dix has been called the most useful woman of America. She is an, American educator, social reformer and humanitarian whose devotion to the welfare of the mentally ill led to widespread reforms in the United States and abroad.
1. What do we know about Dorothea Dix when she was 19?A.She set up a school. | B.She lived with her parents. |
C.She went to school in Massachusetts. | D.She failed to become a good teacher. |
A.Patiently. | B.Fluently. | C.Angrily. | D.Quickly. |
A.The awards Dorothea Dix received in her life. |
B.The contributions Dorothea Dix made to her country. |
C.The support Dorothea Dix got from her family. |
D.The difficulties Dorothea Dix met during the Civil War. |
A.Humorous and well-educated. | B.Generous and warm-hearted. |
C.Proud and hard-working. | D.Romantic and open-minded. |
2 . Tai chi, a traditional, slow-moving form of Chinese physical exercise, is known to increase flexibility and improve balance. New research has been conducted to determine whether tai chi has an influence on lowering blood pressure in people with prehypertension (高血压前期).
In the study, Chinese scientists put 342 adults with prehypertension into two groups. The average age of people taking part in the study was 49. About half the participants (参与者) took part in aerobic exercise, including jogging, climbing stairs and cycling. The other half was trained to practice tai chi. Both groups got hour-long exercises four times a week.
Nearly 22% of the people who practiced tai chi saw their blood pressure fall to be normal, compared with nearly 16% of people in the aerobic exercise group. And fewer patients in the tai chi group went on to develop high blood pressure than patients in the aerobic exercise group.
So what is it about tai chi that helps lower blood pressure? “The practice tends to get more of a response from the parasympathetic (副交感的) nervous system, which is the network of nerves that relaxes your body after periods of stress or danger,” says Ruth Taylor-Piliae, a professor at the University of Arizona’s College of Nursing.
“I think the beauty of tai chi is that you don’t have to have a special gym membership, you don’t have to have special clothing,” Taylor-Piliae says. “Once you learn tai chi, you can do it anytime and anyplace. And it does provide a calming and relaxing effect.”
Evidence suggests it can also help protect against cognitive fall and even improve memory. But you have to practice it continually to get the most benefit.
1. What is the function of paragraph 1?A.To offer some examples. | B.To explain a definition. |
C.To introduce the topic. | D.To give people suggestions. |
A.They were divided into two groups. | B.They suffered from heart disease. |
C.They were 49 years old. | D.They got exercises five times a week. |
A.It can make people calm down. |
B.It requires training and specialized equipment. |
C.It has no influence on the parasympathetic nervous system. |
D.It is suitable for individuals with aerobic exercise experience. |
A.A Traditional Sport | B.The Benefits of Aerobic Exercise |
C.Exploring Chinese Physical Exercise | D.Managing Blood Pressure with Tai Chi |
3 . Jonathan Tiong came into the world with a rare disease that gradually damages muscles over time. A doctor
Yet, Tiong not only surpassed (超出) the doctor’s
Beginning his
Despite the
His goal is not to lower expectations for individuals with disabilities but to
A.required | B.organized | C.delivered | D.explored |
A.operation | B.prediction | C.dream | D.experience |
A.proudly | B.sadly | C.creatively | D.secretly |
A.joke | B.team | C.idea | D.position |
A.fought against | B.come by | C.shown off | D.figured out |
A.struggling | B.professional | C.unique | D.uncertain |
A.beat | B.meant | C.reduced | D.ended |
A.relief | B.fear | C.wisdom | D.anxiety |
A.responsibility | B.comparison | C.burden | D.difference |
A.loneliness | B.treatment | C.recognition | D.honesty |
A.unexpected | B.inspiring | C.terrible | D.amazing |
A.survive | B.overcome | C.observe | D.discover |
A.quietly | B.obviously | C.originally | D.regularly |
A.challenge | B.spread | C.define | D.confirm |
A.advancing | B.contributing | C.battling | D.succeeding |
4 . Study Abroad Scholarships to Apply for in 2024
Found the perfect study abroad program, but don’t know how to pay for it? Fortunately, here are some study abroad scholarship opportunities for students looking to take their studies overseas!
Trenchard Cox ScholarshipAll you have to do is write two 400-word reasoned descriptions: one on a work of art you love and one that you hate. The scholarship, established in memory of Sir Trenchard Cox, awards the winner an Art History Abroad 2-week summer course in Venice.
Requirement: At least 16 and no older than 18 years of age
Deadline: March 1, 2024
Arcadia Abroad Scholarships & Financial AidDid you know that Arcadia Abroad provides financial aid to around 70% of students who apply for it? It values equity, diversity, and inclusivity when awarding scholarships. Students who apply for scholarships will need to write a 300-word essay.
Requirement: Must be included in an Arcadia Abroad program
Award: $ 500-$ 2,500
Deadline: February 1, 2024
AIFS Study Abroad Scholarships, Grants & Financial SupportWe believe a study abroad experience is an important part of well-rounded university education and we are committed to providing financial help to as many students as possible. AIFS also offers internship (实习期) and study abroad + internship mixed programs to support the development of personal and professional skills.
Award: $ 500- $ 5,000
Deadline: June 1, 2024
American Association of University Women(AAUW) Fellowships & GrantsThe AAUW supports women searching for a variety of graduate academic opportunities. There are no barriers (障碍) to full participation in this organization. Preference is given to those who show great interest in the advancement of girls and women.
Requirement: Women only
Award:$ 2,000- $ 50,000
Deadline: November 15, 2024
1. What is required to apply for Trenchard Cox Scholarship?A.Being over 18 years of age. | B.Fluency in English and Italian. |
C.Two 400-word essays on artworks. | D.A member of the Art History Abroad summer course. |
A.Trenchard Cox Scholarship. |
B.Arcadia Abroad Scholarships & Financial Aid. |
C.AIFS Study Abroad Scholarships, Grants & Financial Support. |
D.American Association of University Women(AAUW)Fellowships & Grants. |
A.A freshman suffering economically. | B.A graduate needing internship abroad. |
C.An art student from a developing country. | D.A female student devoted to women education. |
5 . “What beautiful music!”I shout loudly as my 9-year-old son practices playing the violin. He’s used to this praise; I give rewards like that most days. But every once in a while, I skip it, and when I do, I can see the disappointment on his face when he’s finished.
Am I a bad mom? Conventional wisdom says that consistency is key to parenting since it enables your child to predict how you’ll react, leading to good behavior. And it’s true that children need some level of predictability in their lives, particularly when it comes to discipline.
But research suggests that inconsistent gifts and praise can have a greater effect on motivation. While we all like to live in a predictable world, we often respond more strongly to unpredictable rewards.
In one experiment, my colleagues and I told participants they’d be paid if they could drink about one-and-a-half quarts of water in two minutes or less. In one condition, we offered people a $2 fixed reward. In another, there was an uncertain reward of either $2 or $1. The certain reward was a better deal, yet many more people successfully met the challenge when assigned an uncertain reward. Resolving the uncertainty — whether they would win $1 or $2 — was significantly more motivating than winning $2 for sure.
Here is one of the reasons why uncertainty is motivating. What scientists call “intermittent (间歇性) reinforcement” — rewarding behavior on some but not all occasions — makes it more arduous to know when rewards will show up. If you very often, but don’t always, praise your child for completing their chores, they’ll keep up the good behavior in the hope of receiving praise the next time.
So don’t assume that if kids are always praised for finishing their homework, they’ll be more likely to do it. Do praise young people for a job well done, just not every time. And pick rewards out of a hat when they complete chores—the surprise prize might keep everyone motivated to get things done.
1. Why does the author mention her kid’s story in the first paragraph?A.To display the conclusion of her research. |
B.To show that her kid is very smart. |
C.To explain that she is a good mom. |
D.To lead in the topic. |
A.It was more inspiring. | B.It was more demanding. |
C.It was fair to all participants. | D.It was easy to get more rewards. |
A.Convenient. | B.Popular. | C.Flexible. | D.Difficult. |
A.Why Consistency Is Critical to Parenting |
B.Why Resolving Uncertainty Is Rewarding |
C.How Inconsistent Praise Affects Motivation |
D.How Parents’ Behaviors Affect Their Children |
1. How many kids were there in the research?
A.10. | B.14. | C.400. |
A.Less than 3 hours. | B.About 5 hours. | C.More than 6 hours. |
A.Students should reduce their time on the screen. |
B.Parents shouldn’t buy mobile phones for their children. |
C.Parents should communicate with their children more frequently. |
It was Christmas Eve when my sister and I decided to open our presents before our mom got home from work. She usually came home about an hour after we got home from school, which we thought was plenty of time to sneak a peek at (偷看) the gifts under the tree. My sister opened the first gift while I was ordered to stand guard at the big picture window in our front room.
I was so excited that I could barely stand still. I also couldn’t keep my eyes on the window very long. My head moved from the window to my sister and back to the window again. I felt like I was watching a Ping-Pong match.
“All right!” my sister shouted. She pulled out a jewelry box. “You know what that means, don’t you?”
I jumped up and down. “Yeah, it’s my turn!”
“No,” she said. “It means that there must be some jewelry under here. I watched my sister rummage (翻找) through the presents under the tree trying to find one she thought was small enough to be a necklace or earrings.
“Hey, that’s not fair!” I said, stomping my foot. I couldn’t do anything except stand guard as she opened present after present. Finally, when my sister’s curiosity was satisfied and she had finished, wrapping her last present back up, we traded places.
My heart hammered so hard that it felt like my chest was moving in and out. My sister reminded me to be careful not to tear the paper, and wrap the presents back up the same way that I had found them.
After unwrapping a few presents, I found it faster to open one end of a present and peek inside. “Cool! Mom and Dad got me headphones for my stereo (立体声音响设备)!” I pulled the headphones out of the box and was about to put them on when my sister shouted, “Quick! Wrap it back up! Mom’s coming!”
注意:1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式作答。
“Come on!” My sister’s face was as white as the paint on the wall.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Our secret was safe, but somehow Christmas morning didn’t feel the same.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1. 相关介绍;
2. 旅伴要求。
注意:1. 写作词数应为80左右;2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Join Me For A Citywalk
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Luban lock is a traditional Chinese folk educational toy that was believed to be invented by Lu Ban,
The concave and convex parts within the toy dovetail (吻合) perfectly. Luban locks come
The interlocking burr puzzle with the simplest construction uses three rods (杆)
Its structural integrity relies
Beyond its role as a toy, the principles behind the Luban lock’s interlocking structures have been extended into the realm (领域) of
In 2020, the craft of making this toy
10 . I was 68 when I first stepped on stage as a standup comedian in 2003. I’d never set foot in a comedy
It was then that I started to think about comedy. I realised people needed to laugh, to enjoy themselves again, and thought that with a little
In New York, comedians are
Now my sets differ. I might be on stage for 10 minutes in front of a dozen people, or my one-woman show is a full hour in front of a crowd of 100.
After a show, people young and old come up to me, saying what a(n)
A.club | B.society | C.stage | D.site |
A.audience | B.performer | C.worker | D.producer |
A.modern | B.beautiful | C.grand | D.picturesque |
A.entertained | B.seen | C.active | D.public |
A.exercise | B.practice | C.training | D.meditation |
A.held on | B.got together | C.took up | D.plucked up |
A.make | B.react | C.criticize | D.applaud |
A.exclusively | B.typically | C.rarely | D.occasionally |
A.fight | B.rise | C.stand | D.break |
A.amused | B.expected | C.surprised | D.indifferent |
A.silence | B.hesitation | C.disbelief | D.applause |
A.bored | B.addicted | C.disinterested | D.unexpected |
A.reminder | B.motivation | C.challenge | D.inspiration |
A.reach | B.arrive | C.approach | D.surpass |
A.dominant | B.leading | C.back | D.passive |