1 . Art museums are full of centuries-old paintings with details of plants that today give us clues about evolution and breeding.
Exhibited at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, The Harvesters created in 1565 shows farmers cutting wheat nearly as tall as they are. “Nowadays, if you walk through a wheat field, you basically see that w heat is about knee height. The short wheat is essentially a consequence of breeding from the second half of the 20th century,” said biologist Ive De Smet.
According to De Smet, wheat is just one example of how historical artworks can allow us to track the transformation of crops over time. He has teamed up with art historian David Vergau wen to seek similar kinds of artworks around the world.
As friends since childhood, their interest in plants in artworks began with a visit to a museum in Russia, where they noticed an old-looking watermelon in an early-7th-century painting. A watermelon is usually believed to be red on the inside. However, that one appeared to be pale and white. De Smet assured the painter had done a poor job. But Verguawen had a different idea. “This is one of the best painters ever in that era. So, if he painted it like that, that’s the way it must have looked like.”
Other paintings revealed that there were both red and white watermelons grown in the 17th century. The chemical compound that makes watermelons red is lycopene (番茄红素). “There must have been some sort of mutation (突变) preventing the accumulation of that color. Now, with all the genetic knowledge that we have of various plant species, we can look in more de tail at how something comes about.”
De Smet and Verguawen hope to create an online research database of historical plant artworks. They call for contributions of art enthusiasts around the world via the social media. But they caution, the source paintings need to be realistic. “If you’re going to use, for example, Picasso’s paintings to try and understand what a pear looked like in the early 20th century, you might be misled.” Instead, such an attempt could be fruitless.
1. What can we infer about wheat from Paragraph 2?A.It became shorter and shorter as it evolved. |
B.It was about knee height in the 16th century. |
C.It might have had no short varieties before the 1950s. |
D.It showed different heights as farmers’ heights changed. |
A.Their lifelong friendship. | B.A white watermelon in a painting. |
C.Their professional background. | D.An argument over the best painters. |
A.To give an example of historical plant artwork. |
B.To showcase the contributions of art enthusiasts. |
C.To describe the appearance of a pear in the early 20th century. |
D.To emphasize the significance of using realistic source paintings. |
A.Plant evolution progresses throughout history. |
B.Old art provides fascinating insights into agriculture. |
C.Ancient art demonstrates the presence of white watermelons. |
D.Plants serve as a popular subject in numerous historical artworks. |
2 . The morning commute (通勤) is never fun. But if you pass through Stevenage on your way to work, your morning might be a little
Dragging yourself out of bed in the morning and off to work is hard,
Usually found sitting on a ticket gate, four-year-old Nala lives close to the station with her owner Natasha Ambler, and often
Recent photos posted by commuters include Nala
Nala wears a GPS tracking device so that her
According to the BBC, Ambler reported that she’s not
A.quieter | B.longer | C.busier | D.brighter |
A.gradually | B.especially | C.basically | D.generally |
A.agree | B.fail | C.prefer | D.hesitate |
A.troubled | B.greeted | C.stopped | D.rewarded |
A.lives in | B.takes up | C.watches over | D.heads to |
A.created | B.found | C.bought | D.wrote |
A.taken | B.edited | C.shared | D.enjoyed |
A.hunting | B.waiting | C.working | D.playing |
A.posing | B.joking | C.fighting | D.communicating |
A.steps | B.jumps | C.activities | D.travels |
A.newly-built | B.family-friendly | C.next-door | D.fun-filled |
A.job | B.contact | C.health | D.company |
A.hungry | B.lonely | C.lost | D.ill |
A.worried | B.confused | C.unhappy | D.curious |
A.well-informed | B.well-equipped | C.well-educated | D.well-loved |
3 . The world’s most famous tire (轮胎) graveyard (坟地) of 42 million tires in the sands of Kuwait is finally being cleaned up and recycled. This news in itself would be a major relief to locals who have to suffer from the clouds of black smoke arising during fires. But the government isn’t stopping there. They are aiming to create a green city of 25,000 homes in line with a post-oil Persian Gulf, with a focus on sustainability and tourism.
The first step is to clear the ground. The Salmiya area, nicknamed “Rubber (橡胶) Mountain”, is formed from hundreds of small mountains of spent tires — a reaction from the one million cars which were added to Kuwait’s roads over the decade.
EPSCO Global General Trading recycling company has opened a recycling plant for the tires, where they’ve been collected, sorted, cut up, and pressed into other materials like rubbery coloured flooring tiles (铺地砖). The plant opened in January of 2021, and can recycle up to 3 million tires a year. The recycled material is then exported out to nearby gulf neighbours and Asia. In the place of the tires will be South Saad Al-Abdullah City, a green city characterizing a new era in the Middle-Eastern country.
Spent tires are a major environmental problem worldwide due to the room they take up and the chemicals they can release.
“We have moved from a difficult stage that was characterized by great environmental risk,” says Oil Minister Mohammed al-Fares. “Today the area is becoming clean and all tires are being removed to begin the launch of the project of Saad Al-Abdullah city.”
Expected to cost €3.3 billion and require 30 years to complete, the city hopes to feature green technology, probably like the kind one can see in other cities on the Persian Gulf, both existing and not. Saudi Arabia is planning to build a zero-emissions, car-less future city that’s centered around access to big data rather than water or crops.
1. Why is the Salmiya area called “Rubber Mountain”?A.It is rich in rubber. | B.It has too many waste tires. |
C.It used to be a mountain. | D.It has been a tradition. |
A.A recycling company. | B.The purpose for removing tires. |
C.How to build a green city. | D.What is done with the spent tires. |
A.To make a prediction. | B.To explain an idea. | C.To present a fact. | D.To analyze a cause. |
A.The Transformation of a Huge Landfill | B.Spent Tires, a Big Threat to the Environment |
C.The Salmiya Area’s Measures to Kick Pollution | D.Kuwait Tire Mountain to Be into a Green City |
4 . Dragons, a famous imaginary beast born from fantasy, are often present in stories in the west and east. In both cultures, dragons are generally recognized as massive creatures capable of flight. They have great power and are often associated with magical abilities. However, due to their different cultural roots and images, there exist significant differences in the way dragons are regarded in the west and east, particularly in China.
Chinese dragons most resemble snakes, and have four claws and no wings. They often have features of other animals, including carp, tigers, and eagles. In the contrast, Western dragons look like huge lizards with big claws and large bat-like wings, and are often shown with spines or rough scales.
In traditional Chinese culture, a dragon is a symbol of luck, power and high status. They can cause weather changes and bring rainfall to the fields to ensure rich harvests. They are considered divine (神圣的) creatures, which hold an important position as the head of the four spirits. Therefore, to symbolize their power, ancient Chinese emperors decorated their clothes with dragon patterns. These clothes are known as dragon robes. Many Chinese view the dragon as a national symbol, proudly referring to themselves as “descendants of the dragon”. In the west, however, a dragon symbolizes an evil creature that spreads violence and terror throughout the land. They are believed to be transformed by the devil, with the ability to breathe fire or spit poison. Many western tales show dragons being defeated and killed to protect people from danger.
Today, dragons continue to evolve, exceeding traditional boundaries and finding new significance in global culture. They are no longer associated with evil or good, but rather as complex characters with their own unique personalities and motivations. For example, Toothless from How to Train Your Dragon begins as a dangerous dragon but evolves into a misunderstood being with love and compassion. This challenges the idea of dragons as naturally evil, presenting them as complex beings with emotions and motivations.
1. What do western dragons and eastern dragons have in common?A.They have rough skin. | B.They are huge and powerful. |
C.They are in the shape of snakes. | D.They have big claws and wings. |
A.Western dragons are a symbol of authority. |
B.Dragons in China can protect people from danger. |
C.Chinese dragons can control rainfall and breathe fire. |
D.Dragons are believed to cause chaos in western culture. |
A.They are regarded as adventurous creatures. |
B.They are closely associated with evil or good. |
C.They have more diverse emotions and personalities. |
D.They tend to represent human spirits facing challenges. |
A.The Dragon Elements in Global Culture |
B.The Origin of Dragons in Chinese History |
C.The Magical Animals in Different Countries |
D.The Images of Dragons in Western Traditions |
5 . Mike Huddleston had flown from Maryland to San Francisco and needed to get to a rental car agency. But because of a neuromuscular (神经肌肉的) disease that weakens his muscles, he wouldn’t be able to
Due to his
“Out of nowhere, I hear in my left ear, ‘What can I do to help?’” Huddleston
This encounter
It’s been more than 20 years, but Huddleston
A.climb | B.notice | C.remember | D.blame |
A.show off | B.move in | C.get up | D.hold back |
A.insight | B.position | C.movement | D.condition |
A.description | B.comment | C.instruction | D.adaptation |
A.raised | B.turned | C.held | D.bowed |
A.bus | B.ride | C.ground | D.track |
A.touched | B.fetched | C.delivered | D.gained |
A.excited | B.motivated | C.puzzled | D.struck |
A.moment | B.chance | C.risk | D.effort |
A.guidance | B.comfort | C.protection | D.assistance |
A.defended | B.explained | C.replied | D.sighed |
A.difficult | B.unusual | C.helpful | D.convincing |
A.independence | B.self | C.trust | D.relief |
A.fails | B.refuses | C.intends | D.continues |
A.disappointing | B.supportive | C.challenging | D.inspiring |
A blogger from Sichuan, nicknamed “AI Crazy House,”
Through deep learning and innovative techniques, AI reinterpreted this Chinese literary masterpiece,
The blogger, Mr. Feng, has 15 years of art experience. He stated that the video,
He also explained the steps
He mentioned using ChatGPT to analyze the original text, complete storyboard planning, use AI painting software for drawing,
These processes
7 . If you are crazy about paintings, you shouldn’t miss the following four famous masterpieces which have stood the test of time.
The Arnolfini Portrait
Jan van Eyck’s Arnolfini Portrait, an oil painting on wood produced in 1434, in which a man and a woman hold hands with a window behind him and a bed behind her, is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces in the National Gallery, London. This painting is as visually interesting as it is famed. It is also an informative document in fifteenth-century society, through Van Eyck’s heavy use of symbolism—while husbands went out to engage in business, wives concerned themselves with domestic duties.
The Starry Night
Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night, oil on canvas, a moderately abstract landscape painting of an expressive night sky over a small hillside village, during his 12-month stay at the mental hospital near Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France between 1889 and 1890. When the Museum of Modern Art in New York City purchased the painting from a private collector in 1941, it was not well known, but it has since become one of Van Gogh’s most famous works.
The Harvesters
The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565. It depicts the harvest time which most commonly occurs within the months of August and September. Nicolaes Jonghelinck, a merchant banker and art collector from Antwerp, commissioned this painting. The painting has been at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City since 1919.
Guernica
Guernica, a large black-and-white oil painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937. The title “Guernica” refers to the city that was bombed by Nazi planes during the Spanish Civil War. The painting depicts the horrors of war and as a result, has come to be an anti-war symbol and a reminder of the tragedies of war. Today, the painting is housed at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofaí in Madrid.
1. Which of the following paintings was produced earliest?A.The Arnolfini Portrait. | B.The Starry Night. |
C.The Harvesters. | D.Guernica. |
A.It was painted on wood in oil. |
B.It wasn’t widely recognized before 1940s. |
C.It described the painter’s life in hospital. |
D.It was given away to the museum by a private collector. |
A.Pieter Bruegel the Elder. | B.Vincent van Gogh. |
C.Jan van Eyck. | D.Pablo Picasso. |
1. 你对科学的定义;
2. 科学在身边的实例;
3. 呼吁科学探索与实践。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear fellow students,
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9 . We often think about relationships on a scale from positive to negative. We are drawn to loving family members, caring classmates and supportive mentors. We do our best to avoid the cruel uncle, the playground bully and the jerk boss.
But the most harmful relationships aren’t the purely negative ones. They’re the ones that are a mix of positive and negative. We often call them frenemies, supposed friends who sometimes help you and sometimes hurt you. But it’s not just friends. It’s the in-laws who volunteer to watch your kids but devalue your parenting. The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion.
Groundbreaking research led by the psychologists Bert Uchino and Julianne Holt-Lunstad shows that ambivalent (矛盾情绪的) relationships can be damaging to your health — even more than purely negative relationships.
Even a single ambivalent interaction can cause harm. In one experiment, people talked about controversial (具有争议性的) topics in front of a friend who offered feedback. The researchers had randomly assigned the friend to give ambivalent or negative comments. Receiving mixed feedback caused higher blood pressure than pure criticism. “I would have gone about the topic differently, but you’re doing fine” proved to be more distressing than “I totally disagree with everything you’ve said.”
The evidence that ambivalent relationships can be bad for us is obvious, but the reasons can be harder to read — just like the relationships themselves.
One reason is that ambivalent relationships are unpredictable. With a clear enemy, you put up a shield when you cross paths. With a frenemy, you never know whether Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde is going to show up. Feeling unsure can break the body’s calming system and activate a fight-or-flight response. It’s unsettling to hope for a hug while also preparing for a likely quarrel.
Another factor is that unpleasant interactions are more painful in an ambivalent relationship. It’s more distressing to be let down by people you like sometimes than by people you dislike all the time. When someone stabs you in the back, it stings more if he’s been friendly to your face.
1. Which of the following can be considered as a frenemy?A.Your neighbor’s kid who advises you to study hard but kill his own time. |
B.Your classmate who admires your hard work at first, but doubts your intelligence later. |
C.Your mother’s friend who encourages you to spend more time on homework but less on smart phones. |
D.Your father’s colleague who proposes you to do a reasonable amount of homework while ensuring enough sleep. |
A.Upsetting. | B.Satisfying. | C.Inspiring. | D.Confusing. |
A.The negative impact of ambivalent interactions is strong. |
B.Ambivalent relationships have a long-lasting effect on your well-being. |
C.The common cause of high blood pressure is ambivalent relationship. |
D.Interactions in ambivalent relationships are more painful than those in negative ones. |
A.Negative relationships are bad for health. | B.Ambivalent relationships are unpredictable. |
C.Ambivalent Relationships are the most harmful. | D.Positive relationships are better than negative ones. |
10 . In the late 1930s, people could donate blood, but very few hospitals could store it for later use. Whole blood breaks down quickly, and there were no methods at the time for safely preserving it. As a result, hospitals often did not have the appropriate blood type when patients needed it. Charles Drew, a Black surgeon and researcher, helped solve this monumental problem for medicine, earning him the title “Father of the Blood Bank.”
In 1938, while obtaining his doctorate in medicine, Drew became a fellow at Columbia University’s Presbyterian Hospital in New York. He studied the storage and distribution of blood, including the separation of its components, and applied his findings to an experimental blood bank at the hospital.
As Drew was finishing his degree at Columbia, World War II was erupting in Europe. Great Britain was asking the United States for desperately needed plasma (血浆) to help victims. Given his expertise, Drew was selected to be the medical director for the Blood for Britain campaign. Using Presbyterian Hospital’s blood bank as a model, Drew established uniform procedures and standards for collecting blood and processing blood plasma from nine New York hospitals. The five-month campaign collected donations from 15,000 Americans and was considered a success. His discoveries and his leadership saved countless lives.
With the increasing likelihood that the nation would be drawn into war, the United States wanted to capitalize on what Drew had learned from the campaign. He was appointed as the assistant director of a three-month pilot program to mass-produce dried plasma in New York, which became the model for the first Red Cross blood bank. His innovations for this program included mobile blood donation stations, later called bloodmobiles.
1. What problem did hospitals face in the late 1930s regarding blood donations?A.The shortage of blood donors. | B.The inability to preserve blood. |
C.The challenge of blood infection. | D.The failure to identify blood types. |
A.He gathered different standards for the blood collection. |
B.He worked on the bloodmobiles for easy access to donors. |
C.He helped send life-saving drugs overseas to aid in the war. |
D.He organized the collection and processing of blood plasma. |
A.Groundbreaking. | B.Unpredictable. | C.Economical. | D.Controversial. |
A.The life of Dr. Charles Drew. | B.The inventor of the Blood Bank. |
C.A Savior of Lives during Wartime. | D.A Pioneer in Blood Transportation. |