A.She always talks bad about her colleagues. |
B.She has a good reputation for being honest. |
C.She is good at handling complicated relationships. |
D.She has good relations with people around her. |
2 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words asfar as possible.
How to Be a Successful Team Leader?
Every well-organized team needs to have an outstanding leader with specific skills. Sometimes the leader’s abilities can come to affect the whole team. Although we students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills.
A team consists of both leaders and followers. Neither side can exist and work effectively without the other. What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. Meanwhile, everyone on a team also desires personal success, so a balance can be hard to strike. If a leader doesn’t have fierce determination, the followers will lose their confidence and things will not be done well.
What’s more, a successful and charming leader ought to be able to handle interpersonal relationships well. They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments. These kinds of leaders are trustworthy, and thus, the working atmosphere will only come to be improved. They are role models who can have a strong influence on the whole team.
To become a powerful leader at school, students have to take the initiative in connecting with their fellow students. Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. If you find it hard to express your ideas clearly to those who you collaborate with, it may be rather difficult for you to be a good leader.
It’s a well-known fact that, whatever field you wish to work in, leadership skills are necessary for anyone who desires to have a successful career. So it’s never too early to train yourselves as promising future leaders.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3 . Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook.
Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to
People tend to
In the workplace, men have long had
A.add to | B.deal with | C.set aside | D.focus on |
A.assumes | B.appreciates | C.minimizes | D.assesses |
A.in terms of | B.because of | C.instead of | D.regardless of |
A.agree on | B.count on | C.negotiate about | D.hesitate about |
A.specialties | B.accomplishments | C.characters | D.lifestyles |
A.comfortable | B.competent | C.sacred | D.outgoing |
A.uniforms | B.costumes | C.gloves | D.pajamas |
A.Moreover | B.However | C.Therefore | D.Otherwise |
A.imitated | B.resisted | C.evaluated | D.anticipated |
A.long - lasting | B.good - looking | C.light - hearted | D.well - defined |
A.are uncertain about | B.are distracted from | C.are keen on | D.are ashamed of |
A.consistent | B.fashionable | C.diversified | D.innovated |
A.critically | B.casually | C.favourably | D.honestly |
A.frequent | B.concrete | C.moderate | D.heavy |
A.get | B.spare | C.survive | D.maintain |
Have you ever found yourself waiting the stop of your bus to arrive and have a stranger ask a commonplace question? Perhaps you’ve stood in line waiting for a coffee and feel the need to just look over to the person next to you and ask about the weather.
This is small talk, and despite the name, it’s actually a big part of daily life.
“Small talk may seem trivial(微不足道的), but it’s a natural way for people to connect. It may seem like a waste of time. But it serves a vital role in our social interactions. Big relationships are built on small talk.” Lindy Pegler, who has a master’s degree in psychology, wrote on Medium.
In fact, we spend a lot of our time making small talk. Often, we find ourselves making small talk with the same people on a regular basis. Coming up with small conversations is the foundation of these relationships.
The benefits of such conversations can actually contribute to our happiness and benefit our lives as a whole. In a study cited by The New York Times, researchers found that having a healthy amount of acquaintances(相识的人) and maintaining these relationships contribute to one’s sense of belonging to a community.
So how does one start making small talk? It can be as simple as complimenting one’s shirt, asking about their day or commenting on the traffic. “First and foremost, small talk is an act of politeness,” Pegler noted. “Our small talk at our first meeting is our chance to show who we are,” she added.
Who knows where this can lead? Nowadays, the small connections we make can lead to big results. You might find someone who has a common interest, or maybe even someone who turns out to be a close friend. There is one thing for sure: Making small talk can brighten our day—even if it’s just a nice comment or thoughtful question.
So the next time you find yourself waiting for the bus or checking your watch while you wait in a line, take the opportunity to look up and talk to someone around you. After all, it takes a small connection to lead to a larger one.
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5 . Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kins and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.
Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.
These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young troublemakers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity (多样性). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.
1. According to paragraph 1, it was once a common belief that people in modern society ________.A.tended to acquaint themselves with people passing by |
B.usually had more friends than small-town residents |
C.bore great responsibilities to neighbors and relatives |
D.could not develop very close relationships with others |
A.lower the quality of relationships |
B.show little concern for strangers |
C.suffer from the lack of friendship |
D.become suspicious of each other |
A.the more likely it is to display stress |
B.the more open-minded people are |
C.the more similar its interests are |
D.the better its quality of life is |
A.Minor differences in the interpersonal relations between cities and towns |
B.The positive role that urbanism has been playing in our modern society |
C.Advantages and disadvantages of living in big cities or small towns |
D.The strong feeling of alienation that city inhabitants are suffering |
A. particularly B. impact C. ensuring D. cost E. threat F. additional G. connectivity H. response I. address J. function K. forced |
The United States is committed to empowering women all over the world. In too many places around the world today women face barriers to equality, resources, and opportunities, said USAID’s Senior official Michelle Bekkering. It could be a barrier to credit, to the
“Gender-based violence harms women, girls, their families, communities and countries,” added Bekkering.
Gender-based violence, is a universal barrier to global security, women’s empowerment, and economic growth. It is estimated right now that gender-based violence has
USAID is trying to eliminate it through prevention and response. On prevention, we first need to learn what’s causing the problem,
As part of a
Improving girls’ education is a step in the right direction, said Ms. Bekkering. For every
U.S. Congress appropriates (拨款) a combined 150 million dollars to the State Department and to USAID for the global effort to
Women and girls should be safe from the
7 . Why You Won’t Apologize
In our relationships with others, it’s inevitable that we’ll hurt people from time to time, even though, in some cases, we don’t mean to.
An apology is an attempt to repair the damage we’ve done to a relationship. To do this,we need to imagine ourselves to be in the victim’s position and to show empathy (共情) for the pain we have caused the victim. Some researches have indicated that people with the personality of narcissism (自恋) generally see no need to apologize when they have wronged another person.
We all want to believe we’re essentially good people. Accepting the fact that we’ve hurt someone we care about conflicts with our precious self-image. People who believe that personality is fixed are especially easily affected by the idea that an act of apology is a threat to their self-image. If personal characteristics stay the same, then, of course, hurting someone they care about is inconsistent (不一致) with their self-image as an essentially good person. In reality, of course, even good people sometimes do bad things.
Sometimes people don’t apologize because they don’t believe it will do any good. This could come from the belief that some mistakes are unforgivable.
A.However, it’s quite difficult to make a sincere apology. |
B.The challenge then is finding a way to make things right again. |
C.There may also be unrealistic expectations about the process of forgiveness. |
D.But even for most normal people, it can be extremely difficult to feel sorry for those who have been offended. |
E.Understanding and accepting this fact of life can help ease our mind and thus help make an effective apology. |
F.Although apologizing can be hard to do, it is, in fact, the most effective approach to mending a broken relationship. |
Building Trust in Virtual Environments
Research into the science behind human communication tells us that up to 90 percent of what we tell one another is nonverbal. It’s the countless eye, facial and body movements we flash one another that help us understand someone’s intention and determine if we should trust them.
The challenge we all face is figuring out ways to build trust in virtual environments. Sure, we have some interactions on videoconferences, but the physical cues (暗示) we’ve become accustomed to reacting to are restricted and masked. This is forcing us to develop new ways to trust one another. Good leaders are working to engineer those opportunities to build trust in their now virtual teams.
There are lessons we can learn from global multinational companies that have figured out how to make virtual relationships work over the past few decades. If you have vital business partners, or even employees working overseas, you have, at best, limited opportunities to meet them in person. What these companies have learned is that actions speak louder than words, and people base a simple analysis of trustworthiness on delivering on commitments. People that do are trustworthy; people that don’t aren’t.
When you hire virtual workers and get a new virtual team member, there is the question of whether someone has the background and experience they claim to have. That means we all need to lean on tools and techniques to help certify (证实) someone’s background. Some companies have built talent databases in which people can search their teammates and confirm their impressive backgrounds. Knowing that you are working with a certified superstar builds trust.
Finding ways to get someone to prove their trustworthiness by doing what they say they will and backing up their claims of experience will go a long way in helping you adapt to the new reality that we work in.
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9 . The Truth Is Out
Human beings are not born liars, but the moment we can form complete sentences we begin lying to protect the feelings of others, to avoid punishment and conflict, and, most frequently, because lying gives advantages the truth wouldn’t provide. Lying gets results.
One study by Bella DePaulo, a professor of psychology at the University of Virginia, found lies played a part in 30-38 percent of people’s social interactions. Socially skillful people told a lot more lies than their more awkward coworkers.
Nowhere is this more obvious than on the singles scene. First dates have always involved a certain amount of self-boast, but some singles now regard out-and-out deceit (欺骗) as a reasonable strategy.
Experts believe that increased competition and the higher expectations among singles, along with the popularity of Internet dating, are encouraging outbreaks of deceitfulness. The problem is that many singles are presenting images of themselves that are impossible to live up to, and costing their already limited chances of long-term love in the process.
Of course, long-term lovers aren’t immune (不受影响) to the conflict-avoiding, problem-burying lie either. Once again, a pleasant singles scene coupled with unrealistic expectations has put new pressure on less-than-faultless relationships and tempted many into more serious deception. A study last year by Cahoot found that a majority of partners lie to each other about their personal financial situation. Other studies have found that women appreciate wise lies about their weight or looks.
Possibly. After all, few of us feel that lying is wrong any more.
A.Lying, it seems, is becoming an acceptable and even admirable social skill. |
B.A lie is only wrong because it might be discovered, and cause hurt and upset. |
C.But the Cahoot research also showed that lying is on increasingly difficult ground. |
D.We, as a result, are all on the receiving end of a great many more lies than in the past. |
E.They are so emotionally and intellectually evolved now that they are lying more, on a regular basis. |
F.They either stop potential lovers by asking for too much, or they invite lies that will be discovered quickly. |
What to say to a rude person
As the British doctor Lord Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself becoming steadily annoyed. A woman had picked up her phone and began a loud conversation,
Winston’s tale is something of a microcosm of our age of increasing rudeness,
Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly and virally, almost like the common cold.Just witnessing rudeness makes it far more likely
The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger
We must instead combat rudeness head on.When we see it occur in a store, we must step up and say something.If it happens to a colleague, we must point it out.We must defend strangers in the same way we’d defend our best friends. But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude