3 . When it comes to team assembly, people who are both trustworthy and competent are the most sought after. However, those who are friendly and trustworthy are more likely to be selected than those who are known for just their skill competence and personal reputation, according to a new research from Binghamton University.

“We assume that people are selected due to their knowledge, skills and abilities. However, this research suggests that people may often get picked because team members feel comfortable with them,” said Cynthia Maupin, assistant professor in Binghamton University’s School of Management. “People may be willing to sacrifice a bit in terms of performance in order to have a really positive team experience.”

Maupin and her colleagues focused on a group of MBA students to conduct their study. Students were randomly assigned to different teams to carry out class projects. Toward the end of the semester, they were asked to form their own teams and evaluate why they selected each member.

“To find out how the students signaled to others that they might be someone who would be good to team up with in the future, we studied their use of either challenging or supportive voice, Maupin said.

•Challenging voice: Communicating in a way that challenges the present situation and is focused on new ideas and efficiency.

•Supportive voice: Communicating in a way that strengthens social ties and trust.

The researchers found that students who exhibited both voices were the most in-demand people when it came to assembling teams. However, students who only used supportive voice to exhibit their friendliness and trustworthiness were more sought after than those who only signaled their competence through the use of challenging voice.

Maupin said the findings have major implications for the workplace. “People should realize the way they speak up can have a strong effect on informal teaming up at a later point and that supportive voice helps establish harmonious relationships and a sense of trust amongst individuals.”

1. Who are preferred as team members?

A．Those easy to get along with.	B．Those with skill competence.
C．Those willing to make sacrifices.	D．Those with good personal reputation.

2. What does the underlined word “signaled” in paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Displayed.

B．Promised.

C．Replied.

D．Gestured.

3. What does Maupin think of the findings?

A．They make people more supportive.

B．They help improve work competence.

C．They make sense for better team assembly.

D．They have strong effects on formal teaming up.

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．The Secret of Communication

B．The Importance of Competence

C．Challenging Voice or Supportive Voice

D．Competent Teammates or Friendly Teammates

4 . What Is Good Citizenship?

Good citizenship is generally defined as how a citizen performs a role to become a useful member of society. This involves duties and responsibilities that may be expressed through laws and regulations.     1    

Citizenship, in its general sense, is being part of a community.     2     The factors toward improving lives and relationship of a community include doing volunteer work, initiating community programs, and participating in economic affairs.

A good citizen is an important part of a progressive state. As covered by the social contract theory, a government is established to manage interaction among citizens, define an individual’s rights, enforce these rights, and make sure just compensation (补偿) is obtained when these rights are not obeyed.     3     The purpose of this social contract is to avoid chaos in a community, which is possible without good leadership. From this leadership arises good citizenship, allowing every citizen to expect others to respect for his or her legally demandable rights.

    4     The most basic characteristic is the moral duty to recognize the rights of others. Another important characteristic is the ability to listen to the views of others. These views may bring about solutions to problems of the community. A good citizen is also willing to adapt to new situations.     5     Based on these factors, good citizenship is said to be related to both the intellectual and social skills of a citizen.

A．There are many characteristics of good citizenship.

B．Being a good citizen is important in improving the community.

C．Apart from these characteristics, a good citizen knows and obeys the laws of the land.

D．In turn, the citizens hand over to the government the powers that may limit some freedom.

E．This may also involve your behaviors expressed through the recognition of right and wrong.

F．As citizens, we care about others and being good members of our communities and our country.

G．Good citizenship lies in the recognition that members of a community work together to improve their lives and their relationship with one another.

6 . Humans, by nature, have always lived in groups and social interaction is fundamental for every part of our health. Lack of it can lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness. A strong support network and solid community bonds promote our emotional and physical health, and are critical components of a balanced adult life. However, just as with many other aspects of our lives, there seems to be a limit to how large our personal networks can grow.

Back in 1992, a British scholar named Robin Dunbar came up with a hypothetical (假设的) number defining the maximum sum of meaningful human relationships a person can have. The number, which was later named after him, was discovered accidentally while he was studying the cleaning and brushing tendencies — a social behavior —of non-human primates (灵长类动物). Around that time, researchers had discovered that the large brain of these primates was a result of their socially complex societies. The relevance was that the larger the brain, the larger the animal's social group was likely to be. Scientists could then theoretically use an animal's brain size to calculate how many members could make up this group. Dunbar applied this theory to humans, and the resulting number was roughly 150.

Dunbar's Number, however, only refers to the limit of meaningful contacts within our social network. It does not account for other relationships. Human social relationships tend to have numerous layers, and extend outward from the individual in circles with the same centre. The innermost circle contains five people: our loved ones. The next circle holds of our good friends. The third circle is reserved for people we consider friends, and the fourth is where the limit of 150 can be found. Nowadays, with various forms of electronic communication, such as websites for social networking and microblogging people find it very convenient to create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other contents. Consequently, it is possible for a human to get into the fifth (500acquainitances) circle, an impressive breakthrough that was difficult to achieve in the past.

1. What can be learned about Dunbar's Number in Paragraph 2?

A．It is confirmed by the social reality.

B．It serves as an accurate measurement.

C．It is backed by a certain theoretical basis.

D．It establishes links between health and network.

2. Which of the following diagrams illustrates human social relationships?

A．	B．
C．	D．

3. Why is it easy today to go beyond the fourth circle of human relationships?

A．Human brains are becoming bigger and bigger.

B．Social media have contributed to the phenomenon.

C．Meaningful contacts grow significantly with age.

D．People are eager to improve every aspect of their lives.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Group Living: A Solution to Health Problems

B．Dunbar's Theory: A Ladder to Career Success

C．Social Network: A Soured of Endless Pleasure

D．Dunbar's Number: A Measure of Social Relations

7 . Individuals with social intelligence can sense how other people feel, know clearly what to say in social situations and appear confident even in a larger crowd. You might think of these folks as having “people skills”, but what they truly possess is social intelligence.

People who are socially intelligent display core traits (核心、特质) that help them communicate and connect with others.    1     A person who possesses social intelligence doesn’t listen merely to respond but truly pays attention to what another person is saying. The other folks in the conversation walk away feeling like they were understood and that they made a connection.     2     Someone with social intelligence understands that arguing or proving a point by making another person feel bad isn’t the right thing to do.     3     Instead, they tend to listen to him/her with an open mind — even when it’s not an idea that they personally agree with.

Some people may seem to develop social intelligence without really trying.     4     Luckily, certain strategies, such as practicing active listening and respecting cultural differences, can help a person build social skills. Studying social situations is also an effective way to develop social skills. Pay attention to what people are doing well and the mistakes you want to avoid. Afterward, think about what you want to do differently in the next social situation you are in.

    5     If it were, there wouldn’t ever be another awkward conversation at a party. However, working toward a strong social intelligence can lead to a richer life — or, at least, an easier time making a few new friends.

A．They are usually effective listeners.

B．Social intelligence isn’t easy to master.

C．But others have to work to develop it.

D．They don’t directly reject another person’s ideas.

E．And remember that you can mess up sometimes.

F．Develop your social intelligence by working on your communication skills.

G．Lack of arguing is another important trait that people with social intelligence exhibit.

8 . Video conferencing has been around for more than 20 years. Until the Covid-19 pandemic, though, you would find that many people needing to attend a meeting remotely would be calling from a real conference room full of their teammates. Today, we're routinely holding video conferences that are 100% virtual (虚拟).And this is creating a problem that technology can't fix.

The problem is us, specifically the fact that we haven't evolved socially to the point where we can bear much separation. So much of our well-being and work productivity is decided on how close we are physically. The removal of that for any period of time can be severely damaging. One surprising victim of social distancing is laughter

Normally people laugh about 18 times per day. And 97% of that time we're laughing with others - we are 30 times more likely to laugh with others than to laugh alone. Think about it: how often when you and your friends laugh at something, is that something actually funny? Research shows that 80% of what people laugh at is really not that funny.

So why do people laugh? They laugh in order to laugh with others. Just as everyone starts yawning (打哈欠) when just one person yawns, most people can't help but laugh when those around them do. This is why TV comedy shows often use prerecorded laugh tracks.

Laughing in response to other people's laughing is not just a behavioral phenomenon. When we laugh, our body produces two key chemicals: endorphin which helps relieve pain and sets off feelings of pleasure, and dopamine which can improve learning, motivation and attention. In fact, studies show that people can stand 15% more pain simply by laughing for a few minutes beforehand. Laughter is also associated with higher motivation and productivity at work.

In today's home-alone, virtual-team world, this is exactly what you as a team leader should be doing: for your team members to stay healthy and productive, you need to get them to laugh more and stress less.

1. What is the problem mentioned at the start of the text?

A．Physical weakness.	B．Lack of technology.
C．Social distancing.	D．Reliance or virtual conference.

2. The underlined word “This” in paragraph 4 refers to the fact that

A．laugh tracks are popular	B．laughing is uncontrollable
C．laughing starts with yawning	D．laughing comes more easily in groups

3. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?

A．Why laughing is important to work.

B．How laughing keeps us physically healthy.

C．Whether laughing is a behavioral phenomenon.

D．What chemicals our body produces when we laugh

4. What would the author most probably discuss next?

A．Concrete steps to produce laughter in a team.

B．Other factors that may influence a team's health.

C．Ways to tell the real world from the virtual world.

D．The importance of maintaining work productivity.

10 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

This happened with me once while coming back from office late at night. The time was around 11:30 pm and most of the public transport had stopped.

It had been a long busy day. I was annoyed and too eager to reach home and rest. I was on my bike. The traffic signal just before my house turned red and my anger rose.

Then suddenly someone came up from behind me and tied to hand me a piece of paper.I thought it was another one of those people who hand you pages of some sad story and ask you for money. I could feel anger boiling up inside me shirked (避开) the person away with the motion of my hand without even looking at him.

This guy moved over to the next person in traffic and did a similar thing of showing him the paper. The other guy who was not in as bad mood as mine looked at the paper and started giving directions.It was at this moment realized that the person who came to me was asking for directions. He couldn't speak so he had written it down on a piece of paper.He was not some beggar asking for money, and he was dressed as a salesman carrying one of those bully encyclopedias (百科全书). After getting the directions he smiled at the person,bowed his head showing his appreciation and jogged away to the other end of the road.

I felt a sudden tender pity for him.By the time the signal turned green this salesman was standing at the other end of the road signalling people for a lift.I decided to help him out but my house was on a different route than where he was asking for a lift.I moved on but I was still feeling bad fr treating a hard working person that way.

注意∶
1.续写词数应为150词左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

After going about 100 meters, I decided to turn back to offer him a helping hand.

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When another bike stopped and he sat on the bike, he noticed me in the distance.

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