1 . People often say that the Englishman’s home is his castle. They mean that the home is very important and personal to him. Most people in Britain live in houses rather than flats, and many people own their homes. This means that they can make them individual; they can paint them, and change them in any way they like. Most houses have a garden, even if it is a very small one, and the garden is usually loved. The house and the garden are the private space of the individual.
People usually like to mark their space. Are you sitting now in your home or on a train? Have you marked the space around yourself as your? If you are on the train you may put your coat or small bag on the seat beside you. If you share a flat, you may have one corner or chair which is your own.
Once I was travelling on a train to London. I was in a section for four people and there was a table between us. There was no space on my side of the table at all. I was angry. Maybe he thought that he owned the whole table. I had read a book about nonverbal communication, so I took various papers out of my bag and put them on his briefcase! When I did this he stiffened and his eyes nearly popped (瞪出) out of his head. I had invaded (侵犯) his space! A few minutes later I took my papers off his case in order to read them. He immediately moved his case to his side of the table. Of course, it is possible that he just wanted to be helpful to me!
If you are visiting another country, you may feel that you don’t have any private space. Hotel rooms look much the same in every country in the world. All day long, you share public spaces with other people. You see the local people in their private spaces and you feel lonely and “outside”. Local people can create their private spaces by talking about things you don’t know about. And you even feel that they like you to be outside them so that they will enjoy being inside even more! This is one of the difficulties of being a traveler! But if you understand it then it helps you. Haven’t you enjoyed being part of a group and “owning” a bit of space?
1. The writer was angry as he was travelling on a train to London because________.A.he had no place to sit |
B.someone had invaded his “space” |
C.too many people shared a section with him |
D.some other people talked about things he didn’t know about |
A.British people dislike marking their space. |
B.You always feel at home in another country. |
C.Most British people prefer living in houses to flats. |
D.You can’t mark your private space in a foreign country. |
A.own private spaces by living in houses |
B.have one corner of their own in public places |
C.realize the importance of “space” in communication |
D.create their private spaces by talking with local people |
1. What is probably happening according to the woman?
A.A factory fire. | B.A barbecue. | C.A house fire. |
A.She has more accurate news than radio. |
B.She can’t tolerate the speakers’ children. |
C.She knows a lot of neighborhood information. |
A.For 20 minutes. | B.For 40 minutes. | C.For an hour. |
3 . Most of us are already aware of the direct effect we have on our friends and family. But we rarely consider that everything we think, feel, do, or say can spread far beyond the people we know. Conversely(相反地), our friends and family serve as conduits(渠道) for us to be influenced by hundreds or even thousands of other people. In a kind of social chain reaction, we can be deeply affected by events we do not witness that happen to people we do not know. As part of a social network, we go beyond ourselves, for good or ill, and become a part of something much larger.
Our connectedness carries with it fundamental implications(影响) for the way we understand the human condition. Social networks have value precisely because they can help us to achieve what we could not achieve on our own. Yet, socialnetwork effects are not always positive. Depression, obesity, financial panic, and violence also spread. Social networks, it turns out, tend to magnify(放大) whatever they are seeded with.
Partly for this reason, social networks are creative. And what these networks create does not belong to any one individual—it is shared by all those in the network. In this way, a social network is like a commonly owned forest: We all stand to benefit from it, but we also must work together to ensure it remains healthy and productive. While social networks are fundamentally and distinctively human, and can be seen everywhere, they should not be taken for granted.
If you are happier or richer or healthier than others, it may have a lot to do with where you happen to be in the network, even if you cannot recognize your own location. And it may have a lot to do with the overall structure of the network, even if you cannot control that structure at all. And in some cases, the process feeds back to the network itself. A person with many friends may become rich and then attract even more friends. This richgetricher dynamic means social networks can dramatically reinforce two different kinds of inequality in our society: situational inequality and positional inequality.
Lawmakers have not yet considered the consequences of positional inequality. Still, understanding the way we are connected is an essential step in creating a more just society and in carrying out public policies affecting everything from public health to the economy. We might be better off vaccinating(接种疫苗) centrally located individuals rather than weak individuals. We might be better off helping interconnected groups of people to avoid criminal behaviour rather than preventing or punishing crimes one at a time.
If we want to understand how society works, we need to fill in the missing links between individuals. We need to understand how interconnections and interactions between people give rise to wholly new aspects of human experience that are not present in the individuals themselves. If we do not understand social networks, we cannot hope to fully understand either ourselves or the world we inhabit.
1. Why is a social network like a commonly owned forest?A.It remains healthy and productive. |
B.What it creates can be enjoyed by everyone in the network. |
C.It is creative and shared by people in the whole society. |
D.It tends to magnify negative things. |
A.whether we are richer depends on the number of friends we make |
B.the wealth we possess has nothing to do with individual continuous efforts |
C.sometimes our success may be largely due to our position in social networks |
D.we won't succeed unless we fully control the overall structure of the network |
A.To introduce the characteristics of social networks. |
B.To urge people to understand how our society works. |
C.To show the significance of understanding social networks. |
D.To explain the possible consequences of ignoring social networks. |
A.We can't be easily affected by strangers. |
B.We have negative effects on other social members. |
C.We are connected and form a social network. |
D.We will not make a difference in a specific group. |
4 . Most of us are already aware of the direct effect we have on our friends and family. But we rarely consider that everything we think, feel, do, or say can spread far beyond the people we know. Conversely(相反地), our friends and family serve as conduits(渠道) for us to be influenced by hundreds or even thousands of other people. In a kind of social chain reaction, we can be deeply affected by events we do not witness that happen to people we do not know. As part of a social network, we go beyond ourselves, for good or ill, and become a part of something much larger.
Our connectedness carries with it fundamental implications(影响) for the way we understand the human condition. Social networks have value precisely because they can help us to achieve what we could not achieve on our own. Yet, socialnetwork effects are not always positive. Depression, obesity, financial panic, and violence also spread. Social networks, it turns out, tend to magnify(放大) whatever they are seeded with.
Partly for this reason, social networks are creative. And what these networks create does not belong to any one individual—it is shared by all those in the network. In this way, a social network is like a commonly owned forest: We all stand to benefit from it, but we also must work together to ensure it remains healthy and productive. While social networks are fundamentally and distinctively human, and can be seen everywhere, they should not be taken for granted.
If you are happier or richer or healthier than others, it may have a lot to do with where you happen to be in the network, even if you cannot recognise your own location. And it may have a lot to do with the overall structure of the network, even if you cannot control that structure at all. And in some cases, the process feeds back to the network itself. A person with many friends may become rich and then attract even more friends. This richgetricher dynamic means social networks can dramatically reinforce two different kinds of inequality in our society: situational inequality and positional inequality.
Lawmakers have not yet considered the consequences of positional inequality. Still, understanding the way we are connected is an essential step in creating a more just society and in carrying out public policies affecting everything from public health to the economy. We might be better off vaccinating(接种疫苗) centrally located individuals rather than weak individuals. We might be better off helping interconnected groups of people to avoid criminal behaviour rather than preventing or punishing crimes one at a time.
If we want to understand how society works, we need to fill in the missing links between individuals. We need to understand how interconnections and interactions between people give rise to wholly new aspects of human experience that are not present in the individuals themselves. If we do not understand social networks, we cannot hope to fully understand either ourselves or the world we inhabit.
1. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?A.We can't be easily affected by strangers. |
B.We are connected and form a social network. |
C.We have negative effects on other social members. |
D.We will not make a difference in a specific group. |
A.It remains healthy and productive. |
B.It tends to magnify negative things. |
C.It is creative and shared by people in the whole society. |
D.What it creates can be enjoyed by everyone in the network. |
A.whether we are richer depends on the number of friends we make |
B.the wealth we possess has nothing to do with individual continuous efforts |
C.sometimes our success may be largely due to our position in social networks |
D.we won't succeed unless we fully control the overall structure of the network |
A.To introduce the characteristics of social networks. |
B.To urge people to understand how our society works. |
C.To show the significance of understanding social networks. |
D.To explain the possible consequences of ignoring social networks. |
5 . Almost everyone gossips. And a new study finds that people spend about 52 minutes per day, on average, talking to someone about someone else who is not present.
But here’s the surprise: Despite the assumption that most gossip is trash talk, the study finds that the vast majority of gossip is non-judgmental chitchat.
“People love to talk about other people,” says Jeremy Cone, a psychologist at Williams College. “Think about your own conversations with a family member or friend: You talk about everyday things that keep you connected. You share that your daughter got her driver’s license or your uncle has a kidney stone. Much of it is just documenting facts.”
And, of course, the study also finds that some gossip is negative or mean-spirited. About 15% of the snippets of gossip that the researchers analyzed included some types of negative judgements.
But even negative gossip can serve a purpose, as more research has found.
“I think gossiping can be a smart thing to do,” says Elena Martinescu, a researcher at King’s College London who has studied gossip in the workplace. “It allows people to keep track of what’s going on and form social alliances with other people.”
Research has shown that gossip can help build group cohesion and cooperation. “When you gossip, you can keep track of who is contributing to the group and who’s being selfish,” Martinescu explains. “And by sharing this information, you can exclude those group members who are social loafers.”
“We also found that negative gossip makes people likely to repair the aspects of their behavior that they were criticized for,” Martinescu says.
So, say, for instance, you were criticized for always arriving at work late. Hearing that gossip about yourself may motivate you to want to be on time.
Of course, this isn’t a license to be a loose lips or to repeat baseless claims that can damage someone’s reputation unfairly. But confiding(吐露个人隐私)in your friends and colleagues and sharing impressions about another person—even when they’re negative—may be helpful.
1. According to Jeremy Cone, why do people often gossip?A.To spread negative facts. |
B.To satisfy others’ curiosity. |
C.To injure others’ reputation. |
D.To share social information. |
A.It can improve people’s social skill. |
B.It can rid society of immoral behavior. |
C.People may change their behavior for the better. |
D.People may be kept informed of others’ privacy. |
A.Critical. | B.Objective. |
C.Supportive. | D.Contradictory. |
A.Gossip is the last thing we can do. |
B.Gossip can do more good than harm. |
C.Gossip may not be as harmful as it sounds. |
D.Gossip is the best way to build social bonds. |
1. What is probably the woman’s job?
A.A restaurant manager. | B.A waitress. | C.A chef. |
A.How to make different coffee drinks. |
B.What to do while serving customers. |
C.Where to find necessary items for work. |
A.They’ve worked in restaurants for a long time. |
B.They grew up in the same area. |
C.They’re excited to work together. |
A.$80. | B.$100. | C.$200. |
7 . Improve Your Relationships
Having stable and positive relationships in your life can make you happier and more fulfilled. Whether it's your friends, family, or significant other, improving a relationship can sometimes be confusing.
Express your appreciation for the person.
If you hardly see each other or talk to each other, it can be difficult to maintain a relationship. Take extra time out of your day and devote it to the person that you want to improve relations with. Try to work around the other person's schedule so that you can spend the time together. You can share a meal, watch a show, listen to music, or go shopping with them.
Turn off distractions.
Distractions like a cell phone, social media, or video games can create a division in between you and another person. If you notice that you are always distracted, you should turn off your cell phone or computer and talk to them.
Seek therapy(心理治疗) if you can't get along.
To fix or improve family relationships or relationships with your significant other, you can turn to therapy. If you notice that you and the person are always arguing over the same kinds of things, and nothing has worked, you should consider seeking therapy with them.
A.Spend more time with the person. |
B.Maintain a relationship if possible. |
C.People often like to be praised for achievements. |
D.A specialist can help solve longterm issues in the relationship. |
E.If they are the one always distracted, ask them if they can do the same. |
F.Follow the tips and you can develop good relationships with your family. |
G.Luckily, by adjusting your behaviour, you can improve any relationship in your life. |
“Meet one more and I’ll definitely ask a favour.” Gina thought, looking up at the street lights, everything immersed (沉浸在) in the dark night. “Alas! This unlucky stuffi” She said to herself, helpless.
Behind her came the jingling of bicycle bells. Hardly had Gina let out “ah” when a cycling young man swept past.
“Why, the cyclist was back?” Gina whispered to herself. The young man suddenly returned and was already in front of Gina before she knew it. Gina’s heart was pounding under high tension. “What will he do on such a dark night?” “Called me just now?” The young man got off his bike. Gina shook her head repeatedly but gently. A strong sense of self-defense overcame her and she refused to say yes.
“Something wrong with your bike?”A pair of smiling eyes met hers. Gina became somewhat calm. “The front tire has gone flat.” she responded, head down, a ray of hope arising. “Well, I can’t help it with no tools.” The young man managed a smile. Gina’s heart sank again. “Do you live far?” the young man searched her face for an answer. “Me?” she asked, keeping pushing her bike forward. “Well, on the left side of the street end is a repair shop. Wish you luck!” With these words, the young man rode away. Gina almost burst into tears. “It’s almost midnight. Where can I find a repair shop? A liar.” She started to hate the young man.
Almost at the end ofthe street, Gina couldn’t help but look up. Near the sidewalk, there was really a shop with the light still on.
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
She paused hesitantly, and out of the shop came a girl in her twenties.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With the help of the young man and the girl, the tire was soon repaired.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9 . Fear of missing out or FOMO is “a pervasive apprehension that others might be having rewarding experiences from which one is absent”.
Researchers have found that FOMO leads us to check social media more frequently, leading to a negative cycle that can be hard to break. FOMO can lead to feelings of depression, loneliness, and boredom.
Change your focus
Rather than focusing on what you lack, try noticing what you have. “Meritocracy(精英) society” is advocated today, but in fact, everyone owns their own success.
Keep a journal
It is common to post on social media to keep a record of the fun things you do. However, you may find yourself noticing a little too much about whether people are following your experiences online.
Seek out real connections
You may find yourself seeking a greater connection when you are feeling depressed or anxious, and this is healthy.
A.The answer is definitely: NO. |
B.This social anxiety is characterized by “a desire to stay continually connected with what others are doing”. |
C.FOMO is also defined as a fear of regret, which may lead to a compulsive concern that one might miss an opportunity for social interaction, a novel experience, profitable investment or other satisfying events. |
D.If this is the case, you may try to keep a personal journal of your best memories, either online or on paper. |
E.Try to reduce our screen time, focus on building your own path to success and do what you like. |
F.Your mood will be easily influenced by others and your life starts to be controlled by the outside world. |
G.Rather than trying to connect more with people on social media, why not arrange to meet up with someone in person? |
As a child, Obaida Omar
About 250 guests attended the dinner, the proceeds(收益) of
“Children did not create this conflict,
“We
On the whole, the dinner was a success. The audience was also full of praise.