1. What does the man want the woman to do?
| A．Buy him a boat. | B．Lend him some money. | C．Spend the summer on a boat. |
| A．Supportive. | B．Opposed. | C．Confused. |
2 . One recent night， while I was leafing through its pages of an old journal， my eyes met a quote by the British writer Graham Greene that I had marked， “A prejudice had something in common with an ideal.”In other words， ideals—general descriptions of people's expectations of themselves and others—can often lead us to unreasonable ideas.It got me thinking about how we often allow ourselves to generalize about groups of people.We like to stereotype people by the color of their skin， the year of their birth or any other related factors.
I grew up in a multi-racial corner of America.The different groups were often subject to narrow stereotypes：Jewish people were“greedy”， Mexicans were“poorly educated”， and Asians were“good at math”.These labels were taught to us from a young age.They wormed their way into our belief systems， harming how we came to see others.It made me sad growing up to see people repeat these stereotypes as if they were true.The rush-to judgment of people breeds a culture of discrimination.
You can also see these over-generalized descriptions being made against today's Chinese people.Whether it be a lack of interest or worry among mile millennial being described as “monkish”， or“dad-fashion”which has given the“greasy middle-aged men”tag.stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the consciousness of our society.But these generalizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population.
It's about time that we， as a society， walked away from generalizations and stereotypes.I leave you with the words of Martin Luther King Jr.from his famous“I Have a Dream”speech：“T look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin， but by the content of their character.”By reserving judgment and really getting to know the individual you might just find your irrational ideas have no foundation.
1. According to the passage， how do people tend to judge others?| A．By describing people's personalities. |
| B．By truly getting to know those around. |
| C．By observing their noticeable features. |
| D．By following Martin Luther King's speech. |
| A．generalizations have unfavorable position in society |
| B．generalizations have a negative influence on our society |
| C．generalizations are found peculiar to the middle-age Chinese |
| D．generalizations make today's Chinese people lack interest or worry |
| A．the common prejudice |
| B．people's expectation of themselves |
| C．the groundless worries |
| D．the famous speech of Martin Luther King Jr. |
A light knock on the door brought me from my kitchen. Because we had just moved into the neighbourhood, I couldn’t imagine who it would be. Opening the door, an old man stood there, who was dressed in dirty clothing and wearing dirty rubber boots. His hand hung a plastic bag.
“Can I help you?” I asked.
“Would you like to buy some fresh garden vegetables?” His blue eyes were hopeful.
“Are they from your garden?” I looked inside his plastic bag and saw some carrots with soil.
“Yes,” His voice was soft. “And I can get some apples from a tree in my yard. Would you like some of those, too?”
My heart softened, and I wondered if he is badly in need of the bit of money. With a sigh, I said, “Please step inside and I’ll get my money.”
The next day, he knocked at our door again. This time, my little four-year-old daughter got there first. “Oh, hello. Would you like to come in for tea?" Without a second thought, the old man stepped inside and held out a broken basket with several bruised (擦伤的)apples. “From my tree,” he said, removing a worn cap. “You might like to make a pie. ”
The three of us sat at the kitchen table and drank our tea. It was obvious that my daughter liked hosting a visitor in her never-ending questions. “What is your name? Where do you live? Why are your clothes so dirty?”
The homeless-looking man laughed as he answered each question. His name was Mr. Locket and he lived around the corner. His wife had passed away several years before, and his children all lived far away. He was lonely. His need for company had sent him door to door selling fruit and vegetables. Ours was the only door opened to him that day.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已经为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
When he finished the tea, he said he had to go home and promised to return the next day.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
Several years later, a small envelope was delivered to our home—a letter from the old mans daughter.
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4 . A research shows two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of a cultural or political issue, not heated debates about a film or a book, but plain and simple
So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural
Dunbar
Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the
As we human beings evolve from in a particular branch of the primate family. Dunbar
But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be
| A．claim | B．description | C．gossip | D．language |
| A．occasionally | B．habitually | C．independently | D．originally |
| A．social | B．political | C．historical | D．cultural |
| A．admirers | B．masters | C．consumers | D．wasters |
| A．every tiling | B．something | C．anything | D．nothing |
| A．vital | B．sensitive | C．ideal | D．difficult |
| A．confirms | B．rejects | C．outlines | D．broadens |
| A．Still | B．Besides | C．Therefore | D．Instead |
| A．because | B．until | C．unless | D．as |
| A．for instance | B．in addition | C．on the contrary | D．as a result, |
| A．motivation | B．appearance | C．emotion | D．behavior |
| A．in terms of | B．in favor of | C．in the wake of | D．in the event of |
| A．attack | B．contact | C．inspection | D．assistance |
| A．recalls | B．denies | C．concludes | D．acknowledges |
| A．Communicating | B．Grouping | C．Migrating | D．Swinging |
| A．prospect | B．responsibility | C．leadership | D．protection |
| A．stresses | B．benefits | C．barriers | D．conveniences |
| A．reduced | B．extended | C．consumed | D．wasted |
| A．common | B．efficient | C．scientific | D．thoughtful |
| A．indirect | B．daily | C．physical | D．confidential |
5 . You are standing in a hall packed with friends, family, colleagues and peers. You are about to walk onto the stage and address theme. You’re expected to say something meaningful and profound and everyone is hanging on your every word. You need to be clearly spoken, confident and calm, maybe even funny. How do you feel?
If you’re shaking, sweating and looking for the exit, you’re normal. Most of us are scared of public speaking and yet, as a society, we’re becoming more obsessed with hearing what people have to say: we watch endless TED talks, download podcasts and screen hours of YouTube clips. Being able to address a crowd is no longer the domain of the brave—if you want to get ahead in your career, you need to master it. I’ve done enough public speaking to have picked up some tips and tricks, and these are the ones I rely on most.
The most important thing is to prepare. You don’t have to write out your speech word by word but get the headline, three key points and the concluding sentence on paper and put bullet points under each. Then run through it and note which of your bullet points made it in and what you added. Adapt your notes and try again. Keep going until you have a structure.
Now it’s time to watch yourself—yes, get out your camera and film yourself. This is how you will see the points that need work and where you can polish it up.
Most of the information the audience will take away will be from your energy and your tone, a little from your words. Once you have sorted out the words, focus on how to exude(散发) the right energy—do you need confidence or humor? I go for confidence so, five minutes before a talk, I try to recall a success I’ve had. I focus on the details and aim to bring that feelings of competence to life.
Finally, breathe. We cannot speak without breath, yet it is the first thing we let go of when we are nervous. Settle your breathing before you start. If you lose control of your breath in the middle, say “Let’s take a moment to think about that last point.” That gives you a pause to collect your breath. The only way to get over a fear of public speaking is to do it, again and again. You will have good and bad experiences but, if you do it enough, you’ll realize that, occasionally, it’s fun.
1. According to the author, why is public speech important to the average?| A．Friendships can be established through it. |
| B．Public speeches can display our courage. |
| C．There are more occasions for pubic speeches. |
| D．It is beneficial to our way up the career ladder. |
| A．Preparing and writing down every detail. |
| B．Displaying right energy during the speech. |
| C．Watching famous films of public speeches. |
| D．Telling key points and bullet points apart. |
| A．It creates more and more fun if we stick to practice. |
| B．It is easier to practise at home than to perform outside. |
| C．Experiences of public speaking can delight us sometimes. |
| D．Attempts to give public speaking tend to fail in the end. |
6 . All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility(敌视) than the members of any other profession-with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.
During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.
There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subjects, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work extremely hard.
Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement(实施)them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a strict enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third. The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like(行会) ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.
In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.
1. A lot of students take up law as their profession due to________| A．the growing demand from clients. | B．the increasing pressure of inflation. |
| C．the prospect of working in big firms. | D．the attraction of financial rewards. |
| A．Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies. |
| B．Admissions approval from the bar association. |
| C．Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major. |
| D．Receiving training by professional associations. |
| A．Lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance. |
| B．the rigid bodies governing the profession. |
| C．the stern exam for would-be lawyers. |
| D．non-professionals’ sharp criticism. |
| A．wrong ownership of America’s law firms and causes. |
| B．the factors that help make a successful lawyer in American. |
| C．a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it. |
| D．the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education. |
7 . Prosocial behaviors are those intended to help other people. Behaviors that can be described as prosocial include feeling empathy(同感) and concern for others and behaving in ways to help or benefit other people.
Prosocial behavior has long posed a challenge to social scientists seeking to understand why people engage in helping behaviors that are beneficial to others, but costly to the individual performing the action. Why would people do something that benefits someone else but offers no immediate benefit to the doer?
Psychologists suggest that there are a number of reasons why people engage in prosocial behavior. In many cases, such behaviors are fostered during childhood and adolescence as adults encourage children to share, act kindly, and help others. Prosocial behaviors are often seen as being compelled by a number of factors including egoistic reasons (doing things to improve one's selfimage), reciprocal benefits (doing something nice for someone so that they may one day return the favor), and more altruistic reasons (performing actions purely out of empathy for another individual).
Characteristics of the situation can also have a powerful impact on whether or not people engage in prosocial actions. The bystander effect is one of the most notable examples of how the situation can impact helping behaviors. The bystander effect refers to the tendency for people to become less likely to assist a person in distress when there are a number of other people also present. For example, if you drop your purse and several items fall out on the ground, the likelihood that someone will stop and help you decreases if there are many other people present. This same sort of thing can happen in cases where someone is in serious danger, such as when someone is involved in a car accident. In some cases, witnesses might assume that since there are so many other present, someone else will have surely already called for help.
Why do people help in some situations but not in others? Experts have discovered a number of different situational variables that contribute to (and sometimes interfere with) prosocial behaviors. First, the more people that are present decreases the amount of personal responsibility people feel in a situation. People also tend to look to others for how to respond in such situations, particularly if the event contains some level of ambiguity. Fear of being judged by other members of the group also plays a role. People sometimes fear leaping to assistance, only to discover that their help was unwanted or unwarranted. In order to avoid being judged by other bystanders, people simply take no action.
Experts have suggested that some key things must happen in order for a person to take action.
1. Prosocial behaviors are motivated for all the following reasons EXCEPT ________.| A．empathy for another individual | B．instant benefits of helping others |
| C．parental influences in the early life | D．the desire to better one's selfimage |
| A．peace | B．despair |
| C．comfort | D．trouble |
| A．When hearing an injured lady crying for help, the neighbors didn't take action. |
| B．Seeing an old man slipping on the icy road, many people volunteered to help. |
| C．A woman was to give birth on the train and you were the only doctor there. |
| D．On the scene of your colleague's traffic accident, you called the police for help |
| A．possible benefits of prosocial behavior |
| B．various reasons for prosocial behavior |
| C．situational influences on prosocial behavior |
| D．skills and knowledge to provide assistance |
8 . One-year-old Tallulah turned purple and stopped moving after the sweet became stuck in her throat. Her mum Leigh-Anne said the drama began during a visit to her grandma’s house when her grandparents gave her older kids some sweets.
“Then at about 4:45 pm, Tallulah started to choke—we all went into a panic.”
“It seemed like it went on for ages. Not one of us knew what to do.”
“I rang an ambulance while my grandma and granddad tried to get the sweet to come up.”
“Tallulah was panicking at first but then she started to go purple—she almost had no oxygen left in her.”
With her daughter limp (无力的) and time running out, Leigh—Anne knew she couldn’t afford to wait for the ambulance to arrive.
“The only thing I could think was to go out into the street.” She said.
“I rushed out and screamed for someone to help while my grandma rushed out crying with Tallulah.”
At exactly the moment, Caitlin, who is studying public services at Redcar College, was passing by Queen Street. She said, “I was waiting to go to work when I heard someone screaming for help, so I ran straight over.”
The 17-year-old girl added, “Something just clicked and I went into auto mode. The little girl was completely limp, so I checked her airways and tilted (使倾斜) her over and started hitting her back. I turned her round and tapped on her chest, then after what felt like forever she coughed up the sweet and spat it out.
As soon as she started crying I felt a huge relief. I was just so pleased I was able to help.”
Caitlin was taught her lifesaving skills when she joined the Army Cadets four years ago.
1. When did Tallulah get choked?| A．While eating sweets. | B．While enjoying a drama. |
| C．While having a meal. | D．While taking some medicine. |
| A．To buy some needed tools. | B．To search for timely help. |
| C．To get a breath of fresh air. | D．To wait for the ambulance to arrive. |
| A．Brave and selfless. | B．Kind and energetic. |
| C．Determined and generous. | D．Quick-thinking and helpful. |
| A．First aid skill sounds important. | B．Screaming for help makes sense. |
| C．Eating sweets endangers baby girl. | D．Heroic teenager saves baby girl’s life. |
9 . I don’t remember the exact date I met Marty for the first time. Like a lot of people who want to get through a checkout line, I found my thoughts on speed, nothing more. The line I was standing in wasn’t moving as quickly as I wanted, and I glanced toward the cashier, who was receiving money from customers.
He was an old man in his sixties. I thought, well, it probably took him a little longer to get the jobs done. For the next few minutes I watched him. He greeted every customer before he began scanning the goods they were purchasing. Sure, his words were the usual, “How’s it going?” But he did something different—he actually listened to people. Then he would respond to what they had said and talk with them briefly.
I thought it was strange, but I guessed I had grown accustomed to people asking me how I was doing simply out of a conversation without thinking. Usually, after a while, you don’t give any thought to the question and just say something back quietly.
This old cashier seemed sincere about wanting to know how people were feeling. Meanwhile, the high-tech cash register rang up their purchases and he announced what they owed. When customers handed money to him, he pushed the appropriate keys, the cash drawer popped open, and he counted out their change.
Then magic happened.
He placed the change in his left hand, walked around the counter to the customers, and extended his right hand in an act of friendship. As their hands met, the old cashier looked the customers in the eyes. “I want to thank you for shopping here today,” he told them. “You have a great day. Bye-bye.” The looks on the faces of the customers were priceless.
Now it was my turn. I glanced down at the name tag on his red waistcoat, the kind experienced Wal-Mart cashier wore. It read, “Marty.”
Marty told me how much I owed and I handed him some money. The next thing I knew he was standing beside me, offering his right hand and holding my change in his left hand. His kind eyes locked onto mine. Smiling, and with a firm handshake…
1. While the author stood in the checkout line, she felt ______.| A．impatient | B．enthusiastic |
| C．comfortable | D．embarrassed |
| A．talk about unimportant topics | B．face communication problems |
| C．remain calm while having a talk | D．develop a mindless conversation |
| A．he expressed his sincerity while giving back the change |
| B．he spent as much time as possible serving customers |
| C．he was patient with all the questions from customers |
| D．he showed particular interest in customers’ personal life |
| A．Marty was a talkative man. |
| B．Marty cared a lot about what he did. |
| C．The author failed to get along well with others. |
| D．The author was dissatisfied with such a waste of time. |
| A．Excited. | B．Hesitant. | C．Scared. |
