Last week I
One was a cousin,
With one of them, I reached out at a great time for him. He had forgotten my name
I think
2 . A new study, published in The Journal of Experimental Psychology found that communication interactions that included voice, like a phone call or video chat, created stronger social bonds than communication through typing, like text messaging or email.
In the study, researchers used various experiments to gauge connectedness. In one, they asked 200 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone and then assigned people at random to do one or the other. Although people anticipated that a phone call would be more awkward, hearing someone's voice actually made the experience better. However, people who participated in the experiment reported that they did form a significantly stronger bond with their old friend on the phone versus email, and they did not feel more awkward.
In another experiment, the researchers had strangers connected by either texting, talking over video chat, or talking using only audio. They found that both forms of voice communication — whether video or audio only — made the strangers feel significantly more connected than when they communicated via text.
Sabrina Romanoff, a Harvard trained clinical psychologist based in New York City, says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience, as they see it as a controlled form of communication where they can "correspond information exactly in the way they intend without unexpected additions by the other person."
Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. A phone call is actually more convenient when considering the net effects of the message. Each party is more present, and therefore, able to gauge the meaning behind the content without ruminating on the endless possible meanings behind words and punctuation.
1. What is the purpose of the study?| A．To encourage people to let their fingers do the talking. |
| B．To introduce the effects of verbal and non-verbal communications. |
| C．To demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of making phone calls. |
| D．To compare connectedness of communication through voice and typing. |
| A．Typing a letter. | B．Sending an email. |
| C．Having a video chat. | D．Texting a message. |
| A．A way to talk about controlled topics. | B．A way to communicate without time limit. |
| C．A way to explain something without delay. | D．A way to express thoughts without being disturbed. |
| A．Being more formal. | B．Being less awkward. |
| C．Being more straightforward. | D．Being less expensive |
3 . Claire Wyatt, a 24-year-old British volunteer, led eight Cambodians living with disabilities on a 155-mile bike ride from Phnom Penh, the nation’s capital, to Siem Reap to raise money and deliver supplies to those in need in the coronavirus pandemic(新冠病毒大流行).
“Leading this trip was an incredibly special experience for me,” said Claire. “Not only was I encouraged by the determination of each and every rider, but also the team taught me every day not to focus on their disability.”
When she was first asked to lead the trip, Claire admitted, she was feeling nervous about her team traveling such a distance in just a few days because cycling with a disability can come with added physical and emotional challenges.
One team member named Dy, who lost an arm in an accident, biked using just one arm to balance. Another named Vulta could only pedal on one side due to polio(小儿麻痹). Despite all the difficulties, Claire realized quickly that she didn’t have to worry about her team. She saw them deal with rough area that she had seen abled cyclists give up on before.
The volunteers covered the distance in just four days, not only helping so many people across the country, but also overcoming huge difficulties to get there.
“The best thing about this ride is that the riders have all volunteered their time to do this. They are so enthusiastic about Cambodia and raising money for others in need,” said Claire. “The money raised will feed 99 families in Siem Reap.”
Claire recalled her favorite moment of the experience, when one of the cyclists pushed an exhausted teammate up a hill for 2 miles. “One moment that stood out for me was when Naret, our only female rider, was feeling tired,” she said. “Her fellow rider gently put his hand on her back and pushed her for 2 miles! They were encouraging each other to push through the tiredness.”
1. Why did Claire and eight Cambodians cycle 155 miles?| A．To challenge themselves. | B．To help out needy people. |
| C．To take part in a competition. | D．To raise money for the disabled. |
| A．She might be injured on the road. | B．She would be unable to lead the team. |
| C．Her team might be looked down on. | D．Her team couldn’t finish the route. |
| A．Confident, calm and friendly. | B．Honest, patient and open-minded. |
| C．Strong-minded, brave and caring. | D．Curious, creative and experienced. |
| A．It could have taken less time. |
| B．It was amazing and inspiring. |
| C．It changed her idea about human nature. |
| D．It was more difficult than she had expected. |
4 . Have you ever felt that someone you were talking with was standing so close that you had the urge to step backwards? If so, you're not alone. We all have our own sense of personal space-the physical distance that we like to keep while interacting with others. When someone intrudes into this space, it's natural to feel anxiety or discomfort. However, the root of this feeling may actually be less "personal" than cultural.
For North Americans and northern Europeans, the ideal amount of personal space is between 0.9 and 1.2 meters. In contrast, for those who grew up in India, China, or Japan, personal space can be as little as a few centimeters. Since these countries are relatively crowded, people have become accustomed to a much smaller personal space.
Touch also plays a part in defining our comfort zones. While touching between acquaintances is deemed acceptable in casual or intimate situations in the United States, in South America and southern Europe, physical contact is considered an important part of everyday conversation. In these places, those who do not interact physically are seen as cold.
The size of one's personal space also depends on other factors. When you're in a familiar environment, such as your living room, you're more likely to allow people to get a little closer. The same goes for when you're with family and close friends, as you'll be more accepting of their entering your "intimate space", that is, within 50 centimeters of you.
If someone makes you nervous, though, you'll want to extend your personal space as far as possible. This reaction is the result of a defense mechanism triggered by your brain.
With all these variables to consider, then, how can people be sure whether or not they're invading another's personal space? The easiest thing to do is to be aware of the other's body language. If you're talking to someone and he or she moves away from you, don't insist on closing the gap. When it comes to personal space, be considerate and play it safe!
1. Based on the article, we can see that| A．the ideal amount of personal space is between 0.9 and 1.2 meters |
| B．the area of one's house determines the size of his personal space |
| C．physical contact is an integral part of a conversation for people living in northern Europe |
| D．culture is a dominant factor in what one's ideal amount of personal space is |
| A．To present the different variables that influence one's"intimate space". |
| B．To describe the role that touch plays in defining one's comfort zone. |
| C．To contrast ideal personal space defined by different countries. |
| D．To explain why North Americans perceive (察觉到）others as cold. |
| A．At a friend's wedding. |
| B．In a subway with an acquaintance. |
| C．At work with colleagues. |
| D．In a park with one's family. |
| A．Always ask people what their ideal amount of personal space is. |
| B．Don't step forward if someone steps back from you in a conversation. |
| C．Apologize when invading someone's personal space. |
| D．Be considerate and avoid others' eye- tracking. |
5 . When people from different cultures get to know each other well, the differences between them become less important because they recognize more and more things they have in common. People begin to see each other as an individual, rather than just as a representative of a particular culture. This can happen quickly when people are working or studying together.
However, problems can appear in situations where people from different cultures are put together but remain strangers. This often occurs in everyday life, for example, on public transport. Here, people may have different expectations of how to behave and often criticize the actions of people from other cultures that they do not understand very well.
Monica Sung, a sociologist, has been researching public attitudes to the televisions which are now put on many buses in Hong Kong, showing programmes and advertising for passengers to watch. Monica’s research shows that some people find this a “disturbance” because their expectations of bus travel are different, while other passengers like to have something to enjoy during their journey. “A Westerner wrote a letter to the newspaper, complaining about the noise of the televisions and saying that buses in his home country were more pleasant because they did not have televisions,” said Monica. “A Chinese person wrote a reply, telling the foreigner he should go back home if he preferred the buses there.”
Monica points out that both types of reaction are stupid. “Not all foreign people want quiet buses, and not all Chinese people want to watch television on buses!” she said. “People often take it for granted that every member of a particular cultural group shares the same values and opinions.”
1. What does the underlined words “an individual” in Paragraph 1 refer to?| A．A new comer considered as an outsider. |
| B．A close friend who shares the same values. |
| C．A single person considered separately from a culture. |
| D．A stranger who has become used to a new culture. |
| A．Taking a bus is what people do in everyday life. |
| B．Passengers are usually unkind to each other. |
| C．There are passengers from different cultures. |
| D．People have different expectations of bus service. |
| A．He prefers buses without televisions. |
| B．He is in favor of televisions on buses. |
| C．He dislikes complaining to newspapers. |
| D．He enjoys taking buses with foreigners. |
| A．People from different cultures should learn from each other. |
| B．People from different cultures should be polite to each other. |
| C．People from different cultures should not regard each other as strangers. |
| D．People should not criticize another culture only for what one from it does. |
Recently I graduated from high school, and as a gift I received a huge hunch of flowers, 40 to be exact! I had so many that I didn't know what to do with them. The next weekend my niece and nephew, Sue and Mike, aged 6 and 7, came and suddenly I had an idea. I might let them give out these flowers to people they met on the street, and in this way they could learn how to be friendly to others. So I told them about my plan and explained that these flowers would make people feel happy and smile. They loved the idea and were eager to have a try. So at once we took every single flower and tied a smile card to it. We then went to the street with the flowers.
The first flower went to a policeman. As soon as she saw the policeman, my niece ran up to him and handed him a flower. His smile was so big, but hers was even bigger!
In no time, we neared the end of our flowers. It was lunch time and we went to Subway for lunch. There the kids gave a flower to the waitress, who was really excited to receive the flower. As we were eating our lunch, the waitress came up to the kids with two big chocolate cookies! She said the chocolate cookies were for them and that she really liked the flower! As they ate the cookies, my niece and nephew looked at me with the biggest smiles I had ever seen.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
With just one flower left, I said it should be given to the person who needed it most.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It turned out to be a great day for us.
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7 . It’s 13:30 and 28-year-old Marten Pella 's smart phone starts pinging, a signal that it’s time for us to stop working around his living room table and instead start our workout routine together. A cartoon character wearing bright red shorts on video begins instructing us to do star-jumps and sit-ups around his apartment.
Pella, a research assistant at Stockholm University, is part of the Hoffice movement, which invites workers-freelancers（自由职业者）or full-time employees who can do their jobs remotely—to work at each other’s homes to increase productivity and enjoy an active social life.
Those attending Hoffice events advertised on Facebook are typically asked to work silently in 45-minute blocks, before taking short breaks together to exercise, or simply chatting over a coffee. In addition, each participant shares daily objectives with the rest of the group upon arrival, and is invited to report back on whether or not they have achieved them at the end of the day.
“Often when I am alone, I can work focused for a couple of hours but then I’m easily distracted（分心）.The help of others makes me so much more disciplined.” says Pella, who attends Hoffice events as both a guest and a host. Lunches mean networking and connecting with new contacts. “People are coming from really different areas and have different professions so there can be really interesting discussions,” he says.
The Hoffice movement has grown quickly since it was founded in 2014 by Swedish psychologist Christofer Franzen, now 37. He had been giving lectures on the benefits of collective（集体的）intelligence, but realised he was spending most of his own time working alone at his kitchen table. “I wanted to test more structured home co-working with friends in similar situations,” he says.
Franzen says that holding events in houses and apartments creates a unique atmosphere, because there’s a sense of community and desire to contribute. He’s looking for ways to expand the social value of Hoffice, by matching up members with relevant skills to share and even encouraging jobseekers to join its gatherings.
1. Where is Pella when his smart phone starts pinging?| A．In his own home. | B．In his office. |
| C．In another person’s home. | D．At Stockholm University. |
| A．Watch an exercise video. | B．Work silently for 45 minutes. |
| C．Tell each other their daily plans. | D．Report what they have achieved. |
| A．They usually work alone. |
| B．They often give lectures. |
| C．They study collective intelligence. |
| D．They have to work at a kitchen table. |
| A．Sharing Comfortable Workplaces | B．A New Way to Make New Friends |
| C．Benefits of Collective Intelligence | D．Working from Others’ Homes |
8 . COURTESY PAUL BOZYMOWSKI-Three New York City police officers paid for a woman’s groceries rather than arresting her.
As temperatures approached 90 degrees in New York City last July 4th, three police officers ducked into a Whole Foods Market to get something cold to drink. What they walked into was a heated human drama.
Once inside, the cops, Lt. Louis Sojo and Officers Esanidy Cuevas and Michael Rivera, were approached by a store security guard who asked for help with a suspected shoplifter. The woman in question didn’t have the look of a career criminal. She was obviously scared, and her cheeks were wet with tears.
The cops peeked inside her bag. “All we saw was containers of food.” Cuevas told CBS New York.
"I’m hungry," she explained quietly.
Caught red-handed, the woman no doubt expected to be sentenced to jail for the crime of being hungry while poor. But the cops had other ideas. “We’ll pay for her food,” Sojo told the surprised security guard.
There’d been no discussion among the three men. It went unsaid. Instead, they picked up the woman’s bag and accompanied her to a cash register, where each took out $10 to pay the tab. She would not be arrested today.
All the woman could do was weep in gratitude. Covering her face with a kerchief and drying her eyes, she repeated, “Thank you, thank you.”
She wasn’t the only one touched by this act of mercy. “It was a very beautiful, genuine moment,” says Paul Bozymowski, who was at the store. He was so taken by what he’d witnessed that he posted a photo on Twitter for all to see.
But attention was never what the officers sought. They were driven by a far more common emotion. As Sojo told CNN, “When you look at someone’s face and see that they need you and they’re actually hungry, it’s pretty difficult as a human being to walk away from something like this.”
1. What can be learnt about the woman from the passage?| A．She had stolen in the shop several times before. |
| B．She was caught on the spot by three police officers. |
| C．She was found innocent and would not be arrested. |
| D．She was forced to commit the crime due to the dilemma of life. |
| A．appeal for sympathy for the people in need | B．express his gratitude to the police officers |
| C．show more people the cops’ act of kindness | D．record the unforgettable moment in his life |
| A．Their great devotion to work | B．A deep sense of being human |
| C．The attraction of the public attention | D．Their different attitude towards shoplifting |
9 . When my roommates and I left campus for spring break, we told each other we’d be back soon. Little did we
Ever since the corona-virus outbreak
Just before midnight on April 8, we
After glued to our screens for 36 hours and building a website from scratch, we posted the
Give Essential started as an idea, and snowballed into a
| A．decide | B．know | C．agree | D．promise |
| A．urge | B．research | C．pity | D．relief |
| A．confident | B．excited | C．unsure | D．scared |
| A．turned | B．left | C．hit | D．waited |
| A．touched | B．tired | C．amused | D．frightened |
| A．ability | B．access | C．right | D．idea |
| A．Fortunately | B．Suddenly | C．Easily | D．Obviously |
| A．adapted | B．arose | C．heard | D．differed |
| A．gave way to | B．put up with | C．came up with | D．went back to |
| A．positions | B．plans | C．suggestions | D．items |
| A．experts | B．customers | C．viewers | D．donors |
| A．matches | B．clubs | C．accounts | D．tasks |
| A．role | B．link | C．letter | D．job |
| A．employed | B．changed | C．reached | D．dismissed |
| A．refused | B．regretted | C．pretended | D．offered |
| A．skipping | B．sharing | C．flowing | D．ranging |
| A．group | B．trap | C．store | D．hole |
| A．depressed | B．thrilled | C．ashamed | D．satisfied |
| A．invited | B．advised | C．controlled | D．trained |
| A．shock | B．warn | C．remind | D．surprise |
10 . Why do people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work?
Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor to an external factor. When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them-to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, result in concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity.”
1. People volunteer mainly out of ________.| A．school requirements | B．social expectations |
| C．financial rewards | D．internal needs |
| A．People who participate in volunteer programs in schools are sensitive. |
| B．External factors are more important than internal factors in volunteer work. |
| C．Being required to be volunteers may make people reluctant to do volunteer work. |
| D．Volunteer programs in school can encourage people to do more volunteer work in future. |
| A．Follow-up studies should last-for one year. |
| B．Volunteers should get mentally prepared. |
| C．Strategy training is a must in research. |
| D．Volunteers are provided with concrete advice. |
| A．Individual differences in role identity. |
| B．Practical advice from researchers. |
| C．Role identity as a volunteer. |
| D．Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts. |
