1 . 阅读材料:
(一)极点与极线的代数定义;已知圆锥曲线G:
,则称点P(
,
)和直线l:
是圆锥曲线G的一对极点和极线.事实上,在圆锥曲线方程中,以
替换
,以
替换x(另一变量y也是如此),即可得到点P(
,
)对应的极线方程.特别地,对于椭圆
,与点P(
,
)对应的极线方程为
;对于双曲线
,与点P(
,
)对应的极线方程为
;对于抛物线
,与点P(
,
)对应的极线方程为
.即对于确定的圆锥曲线,每一对极点与极线是一一对应的关系.
(二)极点与极线的基本性质、定理
①当P在圆锥曲线G上时,其极线l是曲线G在点P处的切线;
②当P在G外时,其极线l是曲线G从点P所引两条切线的切点所确定的直线(即切点弦所在直线);
③当P在G内时,其极线l是曲线G过点P的割线两端点处的切线交点的轨迹.
结合阅读材料回答下面的问题:
(1)已知椭圆C:
经过点P(4,0),离心率是
,求椭圆C的方程并写出与点P对应的极线方程;
(2)已知Q是直线l:
上的一个动点,过点Q向(1)中椭圆C引两条切线,切点分别为M,N,是否存在定点T恒在直线MN上,若存在,当
时,求直线MN的方程;若不存在,请说明理由.
(一)极点与极线的代数定义;已知圆锥曲线G:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/725a9d6a7c0cd596ece7f4c888b40510.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/79b752f0f189e5d8666daea73e145dff.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8112f9185c7d48b015d9cd0525616b31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ae8f8c1244657aec3fe29890c4681414.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d902a46e5e698f08b6e82c887cee9647.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9b0a89e3c30f6e4d4c5db4378b05d987.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1677a6b74dc0182296d2fb525ce564b6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/79b752f0f189e5d8666daea73e145dff.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8112f9185c7d48b015d9cd0525616b31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1d7aea48c44781a844b5c19191f70f61.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/79b752f0f189e5d8666daea73e145dff.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8112f9185c7d48b015d9cd0525616b31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1a9656735f55e5de465e5667ba578d4e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fc49a26cb0c64cea942bff447becfdbb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/79b752f0f189e5d8666daea73e145dff.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8112f9185c7d48b015d9cd0525616b31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7555cd38f338e8758f5f73e10c08dc0a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9fc58c62444bf42a25289c45425a00f2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/79b752f0f189e5d8666daea73e145dff.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8112f9185c7d48b015d9cd0525616b31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3ba380c2fbc3e6c45bb1dc28a15e219a.png)
(二)极点与极线的基本性质、定理
①当P在圆锥曲线G上时,其极线l是曲线G在点P处的切线;
②当P在G外时,其极线l是曲线G从点P所引两条切线的切点所确定的直线(即切点弦所在直线);
③当P在G内时,其极线l是曲线G过点P的割线两端点处的切线交点的轨迹.
结合阅读材料回答下面的问题:
(1)已知椭圆C:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/48da128547c4cf9745e8e4b99988a3db.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/860884c0017c8bceb5b0edff796c144f.png)
(2)已知Q是直线l:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b0bbd45a300cd506c9d2bbf8f6ac3498.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/940f1047bde206726ab05cfd6785067d.png)
您最近一年使用:0次
2023-02-19更新
|
1378次组卷
|
7卷引用:贵州省贵阳市普通中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末监测考试数学试题
贵州省贵阳市普通中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末监测考试数学试题(已下线)第五篇 向量与几何 专题5 调和点列 微点4 调和点列综合训练(已下线)重难点突破18 定比点差法、齐次化、极点极线问题、蝴蝶问题(四大题型)(已下线)专题22 新高考新题型第19题新定义压轴解答题归纳(9大题型)(练习)辽宁省名校联盟2023-2024学年高二下学期4月联合考试数学试卷河南省信阳市新县高级中学2024届高三4月适应性考试数学试题(已下线)模型9 极点极线问题模型
解题方法
2 . 已知椭圆
的左、右焦点分别是
,
,动直线l与椭圆C有且只有一个公共点P(点P在第一象限),且与x,y轴分别交于G,E两点,过点P作直线l的垂线分别交x,y轴于M,H,过点
,H的直线交椭圆C于A,B两点.记
,
,
的面积分别为
,
,
.
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/2/1/2648879660310528/2649500821340160/STEM/02655851-ff22-402d-96f5-69420fc09146.png)
(Ⅰ)求证:
为定值;
(Ⅱ)是否存在点P,使得
? 如果存在,写出一个点P的坐标即可;如果不存在,请说明理由.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e69daca955a565fa537347dd0d93783f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f5076289823db419f94e9c0c8f4aafd9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a3fb78c5f885034612c0e030b920143d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f5076289823db419f94e9c0c8f4aafd9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5eb2485f90dbfd0dfd6e7d179a856f5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d237847bcdd6c7d322ae1089e9322429.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7b49bd8eb3074ba6181dabd9c1ea206a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e097c8d4c948de063796bd19f85b3a9a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1e0bd63f55069a3bc870915010b39225.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6899bf9cadae2ccdb14cbc87d4f280ee.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/2/1/2648879660310528/2649500821340160/STEM/02655851-ff22-402d-96f5-69420fc09146.png)
(Ⅰ)求证:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/10f885faac5a2f2bc286ae08143deaa2.png)
(Ⅱ)是否存在点P,使得
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/921453160585a55bef915aa02395a452.png)
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名校
解题方法
3 . 已知椭圆E:
的左右顶点分别为
、
,点M在E上(异于左右顶点)、且
面积的最大值为2.过点M和点
的直线l与E交于另外一点B,且B关于x轴的对称点为C.
(1)求椭圆E的标准方程;
(2)试判断直线MC是否过定点?若过定点,求出定点坐标;若不过定点,请说明理由;
(3)线段MC的长度
能否为下列值:
、
?(直接写出结论即可)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e7a88c7af934e8ed88dee1c7037520ea.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a18722354086c42e62334983fc50eb6a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cd3b9e816b14051f785aa5aae72b8eed.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2e9b4cfeea2ed5946fbec2af5471103f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/343a7ab6571ec674d8ec3dd5492fccaa.png)
(1)求椭圆E的标准方程;
(2)试判断直线MC是否过定点?若过定点,求出定点坐标;若不过定点,请说明理由;
(3)线段MC的长度
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bc28b3e3b151b74ace297c6af574cac5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5991e9ec7666f533a528a4173c58f0ff.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/920412ba07915840a5475e3c7d29894e.png)
您最近一年使用:0次
4 . 已知椭圆
的焦距为2,两个焦点与短轴一个顶点构成等边三角形.
(1)求椭圆
的标准方程;
(2)设
,过点
的两条直线
和
分别交椭圆
于点
和点
(
和
.不重合),直线
和
的斜率分别为
和
.若
,判断
是否为定值,若是,求出该值;若否,说明理由.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ad523e69a1bf925e73a22900b9855df2.png)
(1)求椭圆
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
(2)设
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b9195fe550aabe5aefb626892f4483ec.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dad2a36927223bd70f426ba06aea4b45.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2e9b0f5f44abbc6544a2f672b025b013.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3f6f17bc385bafb37e8f964e5eb99cd0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/91e1e4115d78e625e9e0f47cdade3286.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7789a500686c7a73770404ead6af0590.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2e9b0f5f44abbc6544a2f672b025b013.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3f6f17bc385bafb37e8f964e5eb99cd0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2e9b0f5f44abbc6544a2f672b025b013.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3f6f17bc385bafb37e8f964e5eb99cd0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6defc43285a40f7ccb74c1cc04265eba.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/423b7ae39db552e60ee8b1d27312306f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/70c6fa2ef2d5a1be4c7c2bd3be4b4366.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b69e3f7ddd51215d00661c09cd900d60.png)
您最近一年使用:0次
2024-06-11更新
|
789次组卷
|
4卷引用:河南省部分重点高中2023-2024学年高三下学期5月百师联盟大联考数学试卷 (新高考)(含答案)
5 . 已知椭圆
,点
是椭圆中心与该椭圆一个顶点的中点,点
为椭圆与
轴正半轴的交点,且离心率为
,过点
的直线(与
轴不重合)交椭圆
于
,
两点.
(1)求椭圆
的标准方程;
(2)直线
和直线
的斜率之积是否为定值?若是,求出这个值,若不是请说明理由;
(3)若圆
的方程为
,直线
,
分别交圆
于
,
两点,试证明:直线
恒过定点.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a79641ca76d7d03c8828d97da8b45651.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/71885f023172807ad43f2c9a670aa960.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d053b14c8588eee2acbbe44fc37a6886.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8d5989c84e320b504511f23eeb6e7357.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d053b14c8588eee2acbbe44fc37a6886.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2a30f3a8b673cc28bd90c50cf1a35281.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac047e91852b91af639feec23a9598b2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54a5d7d3b6b63fe5c24c3907b7a8eaa3.png)
(1)求椭圆
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2a30f3a8b673cc28bd90c50cf1a35281.png)
(2)直线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e69d2b798744645af88a4fa411344a83.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7785afeeaf274892253d04b4f693b367.png)
(3)若圆
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dd38c4ce91d91eeddb919001561db145.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e69d2b798744645af88a4fa411344a83.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7785afeeaf274892253d04b4f693b367.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dad2a36927223bd70f426ba06aea4b45.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/acc290b44635265137fdf13146b6a6d9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7a5f1641947153c80b987320885a2b57.png)
您最近一年使用:0次
6 . 已知椭圆
,点
是椭圆中心与该椭圆一个顶点的中点,点
为椭圆与
轴正半轴的顶点,且离心率为
,过点
的直线(与
轴不重合)交椭圆
于
,
两点.
(1)求椭圆
的标准方程,并求
面积的最大值;
(2)探究直线
和直线
的斜率之积是否为定值?若是,求出这个值,若不是请说明理由;
(3)若圆
的方程为
,直线
,
分别交圆
于
,
两点,试证明:直线
恒过定点.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9a200ca2c4af794f4d1c6a5443830b5f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2fb14382e662a3afc482f89b61845bb6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d053b14c8588eee2acbbe44fc37a6886.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8d5989c84e320b504511f23eeb6e7357.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d053b14c8588eee2acbbe44fc37a6886.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2a30f3a8b673cc28bd90c50cf1a35281.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac047e91852b91af639feec23a9598b2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54a5d7d3b6b63fe5c24c3907b7a8eaa3.png)
(1)求椭圆
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2a30f3a8b673cc28bd90c50cf1a35281.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3f7ad41b36674fd6e90176ee24cdefbb.png)
(2)探究直线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e69d2b798744645af88a4fa411344a83.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7785afeeaf274892253d04b4f693b367.png)
(3)若圆
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f240cccaf24af8a796abb95cb42be52e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e69d2b798744645af88a4fa411344a83.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7785afeeaf274892253d04b4f693b367.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dad2a36927223bd70f426ba06aea4b45.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/acc290b44635265137fdf13146b6a6d9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7a5f1641947153c80b987320885a2b57.png)
您最近一年使用:0次
7 . 已知椭圆
:
的一个焦点坐标为
,离心率
.
的方程;
(2)设
为坐标原点,椭圆
与直线
相交于两个不同的点A、B,线段AB的中点为M.若直线OM的斜率为-1,求线段AB的长;
(3)如图,设椭圆上一点R的横坐标为1(R在第一象限),过R作两条不重合直线分别与椭圆
交于P、Q两点、若直线PR与QR的倾斜角互补,求直线PQ的斜率的所有可能值组成的集合.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7dd54b9df3402ad91e2d34c40efe0c7a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1d7a999c36de5c9a9ce876a4a56fa34c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/075ba8c6fb5ef7288cd3fed425c8e69e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
(2)设
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dde8112e8eb968fd042418dd632759e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6767830cc1811f0f4ea5a008fdc7e723.png)
(3)如图,设椭圆上一点R的横坐标为1(R在第一象限),过R作两条不重合直线分别与椭圆
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
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解题方法
8 . 已知椭圆
过点
,且其中一个焦点的坐标为
.
(1)求椭圆
的方程;
(2)若经过
的直线
(与
轴不重合)与椭圆交于
两点,在
轴上是否存在点
使得
为定值?若存在,求出点
的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fd40fadf77c01c856c9e5848c4215fa9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ea2de52259b426acb42761fec59a7748.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e7e1a85a657231ef717809d5a839ad9c.png)
(1)求椭圆
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2a30f3a8b673cc28bd90c50cf1a35281.png)
(2)若经过
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a0ed1ec316bc54c37c4286c208f55667.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81dea63b8ce3e51adf66cf7b9982a248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/01c74a907dda6bb7d9d56d009d9df253.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81dea63b8ce3e51adf66cf7b9982a248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac047e91852b91af639feec23a9598b2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5eae240187e2691bccbf8e2051b22963.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac047e91852b91af639feec23a9598b2.png)
您最近一年使用:0次
2020-02-22更新
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307次组卷
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2卷引用:2020届湖南省长沙市第一中学高三第二次月考数学(文)试题