1 . (1)实验室有一瓶久置的亚硫酸钠溶液,同学分成甲、乙两小组对该瓶亚硫酸钠溶液成分进行实验探究。
【提出问题】该溶液中溶质成分是什么?该溶液中亚硫酸钠的物质的量浓度是多少?
【查阅资料】有较强还原性,在空气中易被氧气氧化
【作出猜想】猜想:没有变质,成分是
猜想:完全变质,成分是
猜想:部分变质,成分是
和
【实验探究Ⅰ】
(1)甲组设计实验探究溶液是否变质
甲组 | 实验操作 | 现象 | 结论 |
步骤 | 取少量样品于试管中加入过量稀盐酸 | 产生气泡 | 溶液中含有 |
步骤 | 另取样品于试管中,滴加足量氯化钡溶液,再滴加足量稀盐酸 | 溶液中含有 |
实验结论:样品部分变质。样品在空气中变质的化学方程式:
【实验探究Ⅱ】
(2)乙组设计如下实验测定
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a43bbdf6631c9ad00bfb2fb2b901a839.png)
①连好装置并检查装置气密性,在锥形瓶中放入该样品,通入
。
②称量C装置的质量为。
③关闭活塞,用注射器推入浓硫酸至不再产生气泡,注射器可以换为
④打开活塞,再缓缓鼓入一定量的
,继续通入
的作用是
⑤再次称量C装置的质量为。
⑥计算出原溶液中=
装置,实验结果将
填“偏大”“不变”或“偏小”
。
(1)实验室利用铜与浓硫酸制取SO2的化学方程式为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2024/2/23/3439376504266752/3440222116265984/STEM/80b29078776440239199c69561848250.png?resizew=302)
(2)焦亚硫酸钠易被氧化而变质,选用下列试剂设计实验方案,检验焦亚硫酸钠样品氧化变质的程度。
已知:2NaHSO3
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de4ac184aef047428370bf877105fa50.png)
试剂:稀盐酸、稀H2SO4、稀HNO3、BaCl2溶液、酸性KMnO4溶液、H2O2溶液
实验编号 | 实验步骤 | 现象 | 结论 |
Ⅰ | 取少量样品,加入除氧蒸馏水 | 固体完全溶解得到无色溶液 | / |
Ⅱ | 取实验I的溶液, | 样品已氧化变质 | |
Ⅲ | 另取实验I的溶液, | 样品未完全氧化变质 |
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2024/2/23/3439376504266752/3440222116265984/STEM/3781169a226042cdb236ddfc98d3637a.png?resizew=316)
已知该反应的化学方程式为:SO2+I2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HI,若空气流速为a m3·min-1,当观察到
选项 | 目的 | 方案设计 | 现象和结论 |
A | 探究溴乙烷消去反应的产物是乙烯 | 取溴乙烷,加入乙醇、氢氧化钠固体,加热,将产生的气体通入![]() | 若![]() |
B | 证明酸性:碳酸>苯酚 | 将盐酸与![]() | 若溶液变浑浊,这证明碳酸酸性大于苯酚 |
C | 探究![]() | 取少量待测样品溶于蒸馏水,加入足量稀盐酸,再加入足量![]() | 若有白色沉淀产生,则样品已经变质 |
D | 验证![]() | 向HCl酸化的![]() ![]() | ![]() |
A.A | B.B | C.C | D.D |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2f8dd3411d4346af2ee9b80b682dd5fa.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b33ba1e83af4599dbddbd86390a9e23d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/31217546df5f7edc22ed2c827299435f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3cd6200aa9357b208a994c93c210ff60.png)
回答下列问题:
(1)煅烧黄铁矿进行粉碎处理的目的是
(2)煅烧过程中主要发生的反应为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3cd6200aa9357b208a994c93c210ff60.png)
(3)“吸收1”中试剂
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/674e31dbbc3c338972a2fa85d588afae.png)
(4)“吸收2”后得到
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/50cfe4515a3bd1ca27591a45dba550dd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2452043e7a904dda6ef23eb59955aaed.png)
(5)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2452043e7a904dda6ef23eb59955aaed.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2b853eaed1b4d91371810f607dda5dd4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2452043e7a904dda6ef23eb59955aaed.png)
(6)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2452043e7a904dda6ef23eb59955aaed.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f54bb98f379241de019f4364bdd2d7a1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a1a585ba36c83d7a472b31cea21b4165.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3f419e49ed53e61714887da5a8c3a717.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3e29d55e176b41dd2347994ec8b01c3f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2452043e7a904dda6ef23eb59955aaed.png)
目的 | 方案设计 | 现象和结论 | |
A | 探究食品脱氧剂中还原铁粉是否变质 | 取少量样品溶于盐酸,滴加![]() | 溶液未变红,说明铁粉未变质 |
B | 证明乙烯的氧化反应 | 将乙烯通入盛有溴水的试管中 | 溴水褪色,说明乙烯被溴水氧化 |
C | 检验某气体是否为![]() | 将该气体通入到品红溶液中 | 品红溶液褪色,说明该气体是![]() |
D | 比较![]() ![]() ![]() | 向![]() ![]() ![]() | 先产生白色沉淀,后产生黄色沉淀,说明![]() |
A.A | B.B | C.C | D.D |
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/1/20/bc6c78bc-99cc-49ef-b8f2-8fda564c4897.png?resizew=692)
(1)操作1的名称是
(2)溶液C的溶质主要是
(3)检验溶液D中含Fe3+的方法是
(4)FeSO4·7H2O可处理工业废水中有毒的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f2cf49a711408d2363488014f7eaaca2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f2cf49a711408d2363488014f7eaaca2.png)
(5)FeSO4·7H2O由于保存不当容易被空气中氧气氧化而变质,可用酸性KMnO4溶液测定其纯度,测定原理为5Fe2++
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c68ba66d2cc7ef63c0192cfb622e467f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9cbdf4485667665361b612b1937ada1d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dbc7bcfe5cacce080d9a3d2ccf9366e0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a76084a2e53340f35a670a158e4926ef.png)
(1)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9cbdf4485667665361b612b1937ada1d.png)
(2)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9cbdf4485667665361b612b1937ada1d.png)
(3)煅烧时主要反应的化学方程式为
(4)“氧化”时,反应的化学方程式为
(5)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a76084a2e53340f35a670a158e4926ef.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a76084a2e53340f35a670a158e4926ef.png)
若要检验
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a76084a2e53340f35a670a158e4926ef.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0ea1951629d21dadc9dc4c9e760f4cc0.png)
(6)在测定某葡萄酒中
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a76084a2e53340f35a670a158e4926ef.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9e115323c4644057efc67e6740582ebf.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2ae35125cf7c0415b85fc89c6f799b9e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/99022884b4966d901e60ff56f045fb67.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a76084a2e53340f35a670a158e4926ef.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/70df68b33e13dd551ca589b03e3f31d9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4f9e6889970bfece16636410c1017d4c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e878bb7d0a5642ef2136c1476f7b6ed9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3de6910d3eefdc0e7b1801891faba555.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9cbdf4485667665361b612b1937ada1d.png)
(1)①中加入的酸为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4f9e6889970bfece16636410c1017d4c.png)
(2)关于制备流程中含铁微粒的描述,错误的是___________。
A.步骤①,硫酸酸溶后溶液中主要有![]() ![]() |
B.步骤①后可依次用KSCN溶液和酸性![]() |
C.Fe元素位于周期表的第ⅥB族 |
D.步骤②中加入硫铁矿的目的是将![]() ![]() |
(3)反应②需在高温高压下进行,且随着反应温度的升高,硫铁矿烧渣酸浸液中
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8d281a3d07a734e62ef205ac3593951b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9cbdf4485667665361b612b1937ada1d.png)
(4)通过③得到绿矾晶体的实验操作:加热浓缩、
(5)绿矾纯度测定:称量2.920g样品于锥形瓶中,溶解后加稀
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dabf3433f95b16485024c4eede9f2a50.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23ce4d3a63972554c516ae32407e3794.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e27bd34b38d447163af65055eaa986f4.png)
(6)长期放置的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e2c48a105c996631cd51e98f66dda6b0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/074dbebd177e7b12cf6b5087d3165688.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e2c48a105c996631cd51e98f66dda6b0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e2c48a105c996631cd51e98f66dda6b0.png)
(7)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e2c48a105c996631cd51e98f66dda6b0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e878bb7d0a5642ef2136c1476f7b6ed9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e878bb7d0a5642ef2136c1476f7b6ed9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d660a016ec9e14f5a1157a482a0d43be.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/562bd970ba9f319ed7a8b87e7a8c7763.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e68b5a736a547a68234c6e21ca5d1fa6.png)
则:4FeCO3(s)+O2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c2b29d587e9fb0744a167059c085c35f.png)
(8)用一氧化碳还原氮氧化物,可防止氮氧化物污染。已知:
①2C(s)+O2(g)=2CO(g) ΔH1=-221kJ•mol-1
②N2(g)+O2(g)=2NO(g) ΔH2=+181kJ•mol-1
③2CO(g)+2NO(g)=2CO2(g)+N2(g) ΔH3=-747kJ•mol-1
则C(s)的燃烧热为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bba8c268b645f045374466cb02f50759.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/50cfe4515a3bd1ca27591a45dba550dd.png)
(一)配制溶液
(1)配制
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/50cfe4515a3bd1ca27591a45dba550dd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/50cfe4515a3bd1ca27591a45dba550dd.png)
(2)用离子方程式结合适当文字解释:配制氯化铁溶液时,先将氯化铁固体溶于稀盐酸,再稀释到所需浓度的原因
(二)预测实验
(3)该小组同学预测
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bba8c268b645f045374466cb02f50759.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/50cfe4515a3bd1ca27591a45dba550dd.png)
(三)实施实验
向2mL
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4a9965ccd8672fe5b8e2b9cef7429c46.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/adaf9886af645fbcf627e7fc706a977c.png)
装置 | ![]() |
反应时间 | 实验现象 |
0~1min | 产生红褐色沉淀,有刺激性气味气体逸出 |
1~30min | 沉淀迅速溶解形成红色溶液,随后溶液逐渐变为橙色,之后几乎无色 |
30min后 | 与空气接触部分的上层溶液又变为浅红色,随后逐渐变为浅橙色 |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ad60241600751443a89557c09ced8b5c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2bbb4400e4bc40392f17552e1acf0eba.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e4e38f492eda9905b962dfbfc36feef0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5f5342f7178c763b14035f73a0f62c42.png)
①用离子方程式解释0~1min的实验现象
②从反应速率和化学平衡两个角度解释1~30min的实验现象
(5)小组同学认为没有观察到预期的实验现象,是因为混合产生气体的反应干扰了氧化还原反应的发生,该同学通过如下实验证明了猜想的正确性。已知铁氰化钾溶液可与
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/53f76c716b2947251bc5385f9f910aab.png)
装置 | ![]() | |
实验步骤 | 操作 | 实验现象 |
Ⅰ | 向烧杯中装好溶液、连接好装置、闭合开关 | 灵敏电流表指针未发生偏转 |
Ⅱ | 向左侧烧杯中滴加少量饱和![]() | 灵敏电流表指针向左侧偏转 |
Ⅲ | 向左侧烧杯中再滴加少量铁氰化钾溶液 | 左侧烧杯中产生蓝色沉淀,灵敏电流表指针向左侧偏转幅度更大 |
②实验Ⅱ中右侧烧杯发生的电极反应式为
选项 | 实验目的 | 实验方法或操作 |
A | 检验![]() | 将样品溶解后加入![]() ![]() |
B | 检验KI溶液是否变质 | 向样品中滴加少量稀硫酸,再滴入2~3滴淀粉溶液,观察溶液颜色变化 |
C | 检验![]() | 将样品溶解后滴加几滴![]() ![]() |
D | 检验漂白粉是否变质 | 将漂白粉溶于水后,滴加浓盐酸,观察是否产生气泡 |
A.A | B.B | C.C | D.D |