1 . With historic cities, amazing beaches, and a beautiful countryside, a visit to Turkey promises a fascinating vacation. There are many more great destinations. Here’s a look at the best places to visit in Turkey.

Mardin

Located in the south of Turkey, with a long history and rich cultural heritage, Mardin is one of the oldest settlements in the region. Mardin is famous for its Old City of sandstone buildings that line the slopes of the hill, forming a unique and picturesque scenery. The maze of meandering streets. in the Old City leads visitors along terraced (排屋的) houses, mosques, churches and mansions. Many boutique hotels, fashioned from the charming old buildings, have opened in recent years, along with a few upmarket hotels.

Antalya

Nestled along the beautiful Turkish Riviera on the Mediterranean coastline, Antalya is a lively city welcoming tourists with numerous resorts, bars and restaurants. Spectacular scenery frames the city with splendid beaches and beautiful green mountains dotted with ancient ruins. From swimming and sailing to mountain climbing and sightseeing, Antalya offers something for everyone.

Cappadocia

Situated in Central Anatolia, Cappadocia is best known for its fairytale landscape of unusual formations looking like chimneys, cones and peaks. Natural processes such as ancient volcanic eruptions and erosion have all sculpted these odd formations over the ages. Thousand of years ago, mankind added remarkable touches to the landscape by carving out house churches and underground cities from the soft rock.

Side

Located on a small peninsula, Side offers fantastic dining and nightlife. Its star attraction: an unearthed site of ancient Hellenistic and Roman ruins that include the remains of a hug theater and various temples. Featuring narrow streets and attractive gardens, the charming tow. of Side offers many restaurants ranging from delis and pizza shops to upscale dining in a variet of cuisines.

1. What is Mardin well-known for?

A．Its ancientruins.	B．Its sandy white beaches.
C．Its history as the oldest settlement.	D．Its Old City of sandstone buildings.

2. What can visitors do in Antalya?

A．Enjoy some water activities.	B．Wander around green gardens.
C．Appreciate the picturesque towns.	D．Take a close look at natural processes.

3. Which destination best suits people who long to admire unique shapes?

A．Mardin.

B．Antalya.

C．Cappadocia.

D．Side.

3 . How do we learn a language? Suzanne Graham, Professor of Language and Education at the University of Reading, investigates how learners make sense of what they read or hear in a foreign language and how teachers can support their learning. Before she began this work, she studied French, German, Latin and Russian herself and became a language teacher, which sparked her curiosity in the process of language learning.

Early in her academic career, Professor Graham analysed motivation levels among several hundred 16-to-19-year-olds who were learning French. Her study provided evidence of a relationship between students’ understanding of how to improve their learning, their confidence in their own ability, and their motivation to continue language study.

Professor Graham went on to explore ways to improve strategies for learning French listening skills.   She also examined how secondary school teachers thought about second-language listening, and how they taught it to Key Stage 3 (11-14 years old) pupils. Professor Graham embedded(把…嵌入) the outcomes of this research in a set of Principles for Practice, which she developed, along with supporting materials and tools. These are now helping teachers learn how to develop students’ listening skills in a more effective, research-informed way.

Now, Professor Graham is leading the Language Learning strand of the Creative Multilingualism research programme, a large project involving several universities and partner organizations. Her own research for the programme is on Linguistic Creativity in Language Learning. It focuses on the development of literacy skills in foreign languages and learners’ motivation for and conceptions of language learning. For example, do people learn better when asked to give creative, personal and emotional responses than when they simply concentrate on grammar and vocabulary? Does this kind of teaching change learners’ levels of creativity? This ambitious project will, she says, help us to gain a better understanding of the creative dimension of linguistic (语言学的) diversity and the contribution it makes to our creative potential as human beings.

1. What can we learn about Suzanne Graham from the first paragraph?

A．She is good at understanding what she reads.

B．She has a gift for teaching foreign languages.

C．She is very experienced in supporting her students’learning.

D．She has a strong interest in the process of language learning.

2. What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A．The difference in motivation levels.

B．Influencing factors in language learning.

C．A link between confidence and motivation.

D．Findings in Professor Graham’s early study.

3. How do Principles for Practice promote students’ language learning?

A．By helping with students’ learning skills.

B．By facilitating teachers’teaching methods.

C．By providing Professor Graham with materials.

D．By examining pupils’second-language listening.

4. Who may benefit most from Professor Graham’s present research?

A．Research institutes.	B．Linguistic universities.
C．Language learners.	D．Secondary school teachers.

4 . Scientists say a mineral found in moon dust suggests Earth’s moon is 40 million years older than scientists had believed. The finding was made by researchers who examined moon rock samples gathered from the moon surface in 1972—the last time humans walked on the moon. The samples were part of a collection of 110 kilograms of dust and rock returned to Earth for scientific study.

The American space agency NASA says the leading theory on how the moon formed involves a huge crash. NASA says a Mars-sized object likely crashed into Earth and released material from both objects, which formed the moon. But the exact timing of when the moon was created has been difficult to identify. A new study based on the 1972 samples suggests the moon formed about 4.46 billion years ago.

The research was led by a team from the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, Illinois. The study examined small minerals found in the moon dust. The team said these minerals contained Zircon, which is believed to have formed when the moon surface cooled after the crash. Philipp Heck, a researcher from the Field Museum, noted that the huge crash that formed the moon was a major event that changed Earth’s rotational (自转的) speed. He added, “The formation time of the moon is important as only after that Earth became a habitable planet.”

Jennika Greer, the leader of the research, said the finding is “a great example of what the atomic scale can tell us about big-picture questions.” Greer hopes the finding can serve as a basis for answering many questions about the moon. “It’s amazing to know that the rock you’re holding is the oldest bit of the Moon we’ve found so far.” She added, “When you know how old something is, you can better understand what has happened to it in its history.”

1. How did researchers estimate the age of the moon?

A．By walking on the surface of the moon recently.

B．By examining the moon rock samples gathered in 1972.

C．By finding a mineral named Zircon on the moon surface.

D．By collecting 110 kilograms of dust and rock on the moon.

2. According to the leading theory, what formed the moon?

A．Space dust from Mars.

B．The crashed objects on earth.

C．Material released after a crash.

D．A series of crashes between Mars and earth.

3. What does Jennika Greer think of this new discovery about the moon?

A．It reveals an unknown history.	B．It answers an atomic question.
C．It marks the start of a habitable Earth.	D．It shows a breakthrough in astronomy.

4. What is the main idea of the article?

A．A new mineral found in moon.	B．A new finding about the moon’s age.
C．A review of the first human moon landing.	D．A discovery about how the moon was formed.

5 . Look, I’m not a happy crier. I might cry at songs about leaving and missing someone; I might cry at books where things don’t work out; I might cry at movies where someone dies. I’ve just never really understood why people get all choked up over happy, inspirational things. But Michelle Obama’s kindness and empathy (同情) changed that. This book had me in tears for all the right reasons.

This is not really a book about politics, though political experiences obviously do come into it. It’s a shame that some will dismiss this book because of a difference in political opinion, when it is really about a woman’s life. About growing up poor and black on the South Side of Chicago; about getting married and struggling to maintain that marriage; about motherhood; about being thrown into an amazing and terrifying position.

I hate words like “inspirational” because they’ve become so overdone and cheese (俗气的), but I just have to say it — Michelle Obama is an inspiration. I had the privilege of seeing her speak at The Forum in Inglewood, and she is one of the warmest, funniest, smartest, down-to-earth people I have ever seen in this world.

And yes, I know we present what we want the world to see, but I truly do think it’s genuine. I think she is someone who really cares about people — especially kids — and wants to give them better lives and opportunities.

She’s obviously intelligent, but she also doesn’t gussy up her words. She talks straight, with an openness and honesty rarely seen. She’s been one of the most powerful women in the world, she’s been a graduate of Princeton and Harvard Law School, she’s had her own successful career, and yet she has remained throughout that same girl — Michelle Robinson — from a working class family in Chicago.

I don’t think there’s anyone who wouldn’t benefit from reading this book.

1. What is the main focus of Michelle’s book?

A．Her political experiences and opinions.	B．Her personal life and experiences.
C．Her achievements as a powerful woman.	D．Her efforts to motivate others.

2. Why does the author dislike the word “inspirational”?

A．It is overused and insincere.	B．It reminds them of cheese books.
C．It is associated with political opinions.	D．It is inapplicable to Michelle Obama.

3. What does the underlined phrase “gussy up” in paragraph 5 mean?

A．Forgets.

B．Regret.

C．Beautify.

D．Swallow.

4. Which of the following can best describe Michelle Obama’s character?

A．Bossy and aggressive	B．Humble and honest.
C．Distant and image-loving.	D．Ambitious and career-driven.

7 . Common Mistakes New Runners Make

Running is a great way to get in shape and just about everyone can do it. However, many make a number of common mistakes, which can interfere (妨碍) with training or lead to injury.     1     , keep these things in mind to help you increase your chances of running success.

·Doing too much too soon

One of the biggest mistakes new runners make is doing too much too soon. Slowly easing into a training program will help reduce the risk of injury, so you can continue on with your new running routine     2     .

·     3    

Beginners might think they need to run every day (or nearly every day) to meet their fitness or weight-loss goals, but this couldn’t be further from the truth. Running is a high-impact activity which can be really hard on your body. So it’s important to give your body a rest between workouts.

·Not wearing the right equipment

    4    , it’s important that you wear properly for your workouts. The most important piece of equipment for running is a good pair of running shoes, so be sure to do some research before you purchase a pair. Visit a running specialty store and ask an employee to fit you for a shoe.

•Running through pain

    5     If something hurts when you run, you need to stop and treat the pain. Remember: It doesn’t make you less of a runner if you listen to your body to keep it healthy.

A．Not taking rest days

B．If you’re just starting out

C．Comparing yourself to others

D．Running can be uncomfortable at times

E．It’s important not to use the same muscles

F．While it may be true that you don’t need expensive equipment to take up running

G．Experts suggest increasing your running distance by no more than 10% each week

8 . For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation.

Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament(性格). Some toddler s are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend’s behavior.

This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them.

Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What’s making him so sad?”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy(同理心) toward a friend, praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”).

Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel. It’s also important to be mindful of how your child’s personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they’re sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they’re refreshed.

1. What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates’ behavior?

A．They are interested in acting.	B．They are shy with the strangers.
C．They are fond of their playmates.	D．They are tired of playing games.

2. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids?

A．Design games for them.	B．Find them suitable playmates.
C．Play together with them.	D．Help them understand social rules.

3. What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4?

A．Giving examples.	B．Explaining concepts.
C．Providing evidence.	D．Making comparisons.

4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A．How Children Adapt to Changes	B．How to Be a Role Model for Children
C．How Your Baby Learns to Love	D．How to Communicate with Your Kid

9 . In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.

Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.

However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it.

These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.

1. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument?

A．Critical.

B．Supportive.

C．Tolerant.

D．Uncertain.

2. Why do many people try to avoid arguments?

A．They lack debating skills.	B．They may feel bad even if they win.
C．They fear being ignored.	D．They are not confident in themselves.

3. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Defend.

B．Explain.

C．Conclude.

D．Repeat.

4. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author?

A．Sense of logic.	B．Solid supporting evidence.
C．Proper manners.	D．Understanding from both sides.

10 . Yellowstone Poster Exhibition to Be on View at UW’s Coe Library

A first-of-its-kind exhibition that focuses on the history of Yellowstone National Park posters will be on display at the University of Wyoming’s Coe Library beginning Tuesday, February 1.

“Wonderland Illustrated” will present posters and poster-style illustrations of the park spanning from the 1870s through 2022. The exhibition will be located on Level 3 of Coe Library. It will be on view through Tuesday, May 31.

The exhibition takes place at the same time as this year’s 150th anniversary of the creation of Yellowstone National Park. The posters in the exhibition serve the purpose of both advertising and art.

“We’re thrilled to be working with Yellowstone collectors Jack and Susan Davís, and Larry and Thea Lancaster to bring this exhibition to the University of Wyoming as part of year-long celebrations recognizing Yellowstone’s 150th anniversary,” says Tamsen Hert, head of UW Libraries’ Emmett D. Chisum Special Collections. “This exhibition involves the history of printing, art, photography and advertising over 16 decades. The images reproduced are found on travel brochures, postcards and maps—many of which are held in our collections.”

One poster from the exhibition—Henry Wellge’s “Yellowstone National Park” from1904—was recently purchased with donated funds and is now part of UW Libraries’ Emmett D. Chisum Special Collections. Wellge, a productive bird’s-eye-view artist, designed the piece for the Northern Pacific Railroad, which used it to advertise the park. This is a unique piece, as posters such as this one were printed on soft paper and very few have survived.

1. How long will the exhibition “Wonderland Illustrated” last?

A．Two weeks.

B．Three months.

C．Four months.

D．One year.

2. What is a purpose of the exhibition?

A．To remember a famous artist.	B．To raise fund for Coe Library.
C．To mark the anniversary of a national park.	D．To tell the history of the University of Wyoming.

3. What do we know about the 1904 poster Henry Wellge designed?

A．It is rare in the world.	B．It is in black and white.
C．It is printed on cloth.	D．It is owned by a professor.