3 . Phys ed (physical education) is making a comeback as a part of the school core curriculum, but with a difference.    1    Instead of learning how to climb a rope, children are taught to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance. In this way, kids are given the tools and skills and experiences so they can lead a physically active life the rest of their life.

    2    In many cases, that may mean not just replacing the old gym-class model with fitness programs but also starting up phys ed programs because school boards often “put P.E. on the chopping block, cutting it entirely or decreasing its teachers or the days it is offered,” says Alicia Moag-Stahlberg, the executive director of Action for Health Kids. The difference in phys ed programs is partly due to the lack of a national standard. “Physical education needs to be part of the core curriculum,” she added.

The wisdom of the new approach has some scientific support. Researchers at the University of Wisconsin have showed how effective the fit-for-life model of gym class can be.    3     The researchers also found that teaching sports like football resulted in less overall movement, partly because some reluctant students were able to sit on the bench.

Another problem with simply teaching group sports in gym class is that only a small percentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high school.     4    

A．The new method teaches skills that translate to adulthood.

B．While group sports are still part of the curriculum, the new way is to teach skills that are useful beyond gym class.

C．Research shows that fit kids learn best, and that exercise has a positive impact on brain chemistry and function.

D．Health and physical education provides students with the knowledge, skills and attitude necessary to create and maintain a healthy lifestyle.

E．They observed how 50 overweight children lost more weight when they cycled and skied cross-country than when they played sports.

F．Considering that 15 percent of American children aged 6 to 18 are overweight, supporters say more money and thought must be put into phys ed curriculum.

5 . Directions: Write an English composition in about150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
近期某教育杂志针对高中毕业生报考本市院校或外省市院校的意愿做调查，假如你是上海市明启中学的王磊，请你投稿谈谈你的看法。稿件内容应包括：
1.你的选择，二选一;
2. 通过比较，阐述这样选的理由。
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7 . What would the world be if there were no hunger? It’s a question that the late ecologist Donella Meadows would ask her students at Dartmouth College back in the 1970s. She set out to create a global movement. The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting big global challenges.

Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires considering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those things relate with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems thinking, changing the food system—or any other network—requires three things to happen. First, researchers need to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.

Take nutrition for example. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization tracked 150 biochemicals in food and various databases, which revealed the relationships between calories, sugar, fat, vitamins and the occurrence of common diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, network scientists propose that human diets consist of at least 26,000 biochemicals and that the vast majority are not known. This shows that we have some way to travel before achieving the first objective of systems thinking—which, in this example, is to identify more constituent parts of the nutrition system.

A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal power and status. But the food system is not an equal one. There have been calls for a World Food and Nutrition Organization, so that legally binding policies can be applied to all its members. Another way to address power imbalances is for more universities to do what Meadows did and teach students how to think using a systems approach.

A team of researchers has done just that, through the Interdisciplinary Food Systems Teaching and Learning program. Students from disciplines including agriculture, ecology and economics learn together by drawing on their collective expertise in tackling real-world problems, such as how to reduce food waste. Since its launch in 2015, the program has trained more than 1,500 students from 45 university departments.

More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and embrace a systems approach, as the editors of Nature Food advocate in their launch editorial. Meadows knew that visions alone don’t produce results, but concluded that “we’ll never produce results that we can’t envision”.

1. The passage is mainly about ________.

A．how to conduct research efficiently	B．how to build a world food organization
C．an approach to solving real-world problem	D．an approach to applying scientific findings

2. According to paragraph 3, the study conducted by network scientists revealed that ________.

A．artificial intelligence is more useful than traditional methods

B．achieving systems thinking requires identifying more components

C．we are unable to gain thorough understanding of our nutritious system

D．some biochemicals are related with the occurrence of common diseases

3. According to the passage, what do we know about the Interdisciplinary Food Systems Teaching and Learning program?

A．It is the only way of solving imbalance in our food system.

B．It aims to urge the governments to carry out its food policies.

C．It seeks to solve theoretical issues about food and nutrition

D．It has cultivated many interdisciplinary talents since its launch.

4. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?

A．Results can’t be produced.	B．Vision brings about change.
C．Action matters more than saying.	D．Systems thinking is too difficult to realize.

8 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

What to say to a rude person

As the British doctor Lord Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself becoming steadily annoyed. A woman had picked up her phone and began a loud conversation,     1     would last an unbelievable hour.Furious, Winston began to tweet about the woman.He took her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000 followers.

    2     the train arrived at its destination, Winston got off and left quickly.He had enough of the woman’s rudeness.But the press were now waiting for her on the platform.And when they gleefully showed her the Lord’s messages, she used just one word to describe Winston’s actions: rude.

Winston’s tale is something of a microcosm of our age of increasing rudeness,     3     (fuel)by social media (and, often politics).What can we do to fix this?

Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly and virally, almost like the common cold.Just witnessing rudeness makes it far more likely     4     we, in turn, will be rude later on.Once infected, we are more aggressive,     5    (creative) and worse at our jobs.The only way to end a conflicts to make a conscious decision to do so.We must have the courage to call it out, face to face.We must say,“Just stop.” For Winston, that would have meant     6    (approach) the woman, telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asked her to speak more quietly or make a call at     7     time.

The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger     8     drive us to do odd things.I surveyed 2,000 adults, three fourths of whom overreacted. The acts of revenge people had taken     9     (range) from the ridiculous(“I rubbed fries on their wind-shield”) to the disturbing (“I sabotaged them at work”).Winston did shine on the woman’s behavior—but from afar, in a way that shamed her.

We must instead combat rudeness head on.When we see it occur in a store, we must step up and say something.If it happens to a colleague, we must point it out.We must defend strangers in the same way we’d defend our best friends. But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude     10    .Because once rude people can see their actions through the eyes of others, they are far more likely to end that conflict themselves. As this tide of rudeness rises, civilization needs civility.

10 . Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校正在开展主题为“参加课外补习班是否有用”的征文活动，你有意参加，写一篇文章，内容须包括：
1. 你认为参加课外补习班是否有用；
2. 以你自己的亲身经历来说明你的观点。
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