1 . 阿根廷科学家MasVeronica等人利用Ni(Ⅱ)Al(Ⅲ)层状复合催化剂进行了乙醇水蒸气重整制氢的研究。其主要反应为
反应I.C2H5OH(g)+3H2O(g)=2CO2(g)+6H2(g) △H1=+173.3kJ/mol △S=+362.7J/(K•mol)
反应Ⅱ.C2H5OH(g)+H2O(g)=2CO(g)+4H2(g) △H2=+255.7kJ/mol
若在恒容密闭容器中发生上述反应。
(1)反应I在常温下
(2)对上述恒容密闭容器中的体系,下列说法正确的是
A.增大H2O(g)的浓度,有利于提高C2H5OH平衡转化率 |
B.一定温度下,增大C2H5OH的浓度可以提高C2H5OH的平衡转化率 |
C.若气体的平均相对分子质量保持不变,说明反应体系已达平衡 |
D.升高温度可以使反应I、Ⅱ的正反应速率加快,逆反应速率减小,平衡向正反应方向移动 |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/03035558c7c25f1d860ba1e8f358835c.png)
①图中曲线表示平衡时H2产率随温度变化的曲线是
②在密闭容器中,以投料比n(C2H5OH):n(H2O)=3:8通入混合气体,此时C2H5OH的转化率为66.67%,求交点M坐标为(500℃,50%)时反应Ⅱ的平衡常数Kp=
③一定能提高CO选择性的关键因素是
④请分析说明曲线②随温度变化的原因
(4)对乙醇水蒸气重整制氢反应I进行反应机理分析如下,“*”表示催化剂表面的活性中心,请补充完成基元反应iii。
i.C2H6O(g)+(*)→C2H6O*
ii.C2H6O*+(*)→CH4O*+CH2*
ⅲ.
iv.CH2*+2H2O(g)→CO2(g)+3H2(g)+(*)
反应I:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f0fb442bc45cdf5f9e959d6ca595ac5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6fbb5d519f981a09188dc18a765e8c43.png)
应Ⅱ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5a1aa90a487c4614d8c5d963b2c0d5fc.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7e3396e9e066adc1d6e03779938058a9.png)
反应Ⅲ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/261c492d5506479e5b4249032a04ece6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a95d800b889e9e22aa00ec16b7f0a794.png)
回答下列问题:
(1)①反应I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的平衡常数
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9c844a8c678719406417282f0b548417.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/4/28/0d3b0ae3-2c37-40ab-b7bc-46f85063a1b8.png?resizew=233)
A.在任何温度下都不能 B.在任何温度下都能 C.在低温下能 D.在高温下能
②
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5065b62f6c0e373af05e3824cab4449.png)
A.<-1 B.-1~0 C.0~1 D.>1
(2)为研究上述反应体系的平衡关系,向VL某反应容器中加入a mol D(g),控制温度为353K,保持容积不变,测得D(g)的平衡转化率为b。该温度下已知反应Ⅲ的平衡常数
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8d1be5f68c4f6da9e55d5158c5701ecf.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/925d2cb8d6b5b6065eda7d2fe8c24724.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9aa774c57abc2c4833251330768ecee6.png)
(3)为研究反应体系的动力学行为,向另一容器中加入一定量A(g)、B(g)、C(g)。控制温度为353K,A(g)、B(g)物质的量浓度c随反应时间t的变化如图2所示。代表B(g)变化曲线为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/4/28/c549e5c2-8c0a-4431-91bf-893aafc2a033.png?resizew=236)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4144cd792e828b9a97692ecdfda55f3.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/1/30/ed41b79e-c65a-4830-a8fc-84b26907977f.png?resizew=437)
已知:碳热还原
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4144cd792e828b9a97692ecdfda55f3.png)
ⅰ.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/da08f36f57b6bdc6fe5b55c7e18773cb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6fbb5d519f981a09188dc18a765e8c43.png)
ⅱ.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/437edd5b32ad8cf34163b159188860ac.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b15448c170be583ee7a5b8b3ab047033.png)
ⅲ.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b3c6bc08e65d531f964d8539ca318e8c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/04387cb2cb8a089b8d06d3f28397d24e.png)
下列关于碳热还原
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4144cd792e828b9a97692ecdfda55f3.png)
A.![]() |
B.反应ⅱ在高温条件下自发进行 |
C.温度升高,![]() |
D.反应过程中,生成的![]() |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d30bd52fbc729100498b5300daf60350.png)
A.上述反应属于氧化还原反应 | B.上述反应△S<0 |
C.铜氨液处理过程中Cu+的配位数增多 | D.低温高压有利于铜氨液吸收CO |
选项 | 项目 | 化学知识 |
A | 废旧铅酸蓄电池回收![]() ![]() | ![]() |
B | 冰在室温下自动熔化成水 | 冰熔化成水时熵值增大 |
C | 合成氨原料气进入合成塔前需经过铜氨溶液 | 铜氨溶液可除去![]() |
D | ![]() | ![]() |
A.A | B.B | C.C | D.D |
A.![]() ![]() |
B.不同状态的镁中失去最外层一个电子所需能量:![]() |
C.常温下![]() ![]() ![]() |
D.在一容积可变的密闭容器中反应![]() ![]() |
Ⅰ.传统的“哈伯法”反应原理为:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9b40e9885954a0612133d1a8b1ed320e.png)
(1)上述反应在常温下
(2)“哈伯法”合成氨的工业条件为400~500℃、10~30MPa,是综合考虑了
(3)t℃时向2L的某刚性容器中充入
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fec396b519ca7fed29579bade37fa8fe.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/99f54f19fd88e44fe8edb979945b4154.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dbe2066525aa0616cf44d051d57bf713.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4a2008b78a906cf5ecdfd68432fa9ad1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/09b51ee6fe038c30ffb16019af67a9fe.png)
Ⅱ.“哈伯法”的原料
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
(4)一种常温常压下NRR反应的装置如图所示,请写出阴极的电极反应方程式:
(5)下表为不同电压下进行电解时
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/05454ae124642d37a14d3f2dc152eca7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dbe2066525aa0616cf44d051d57bf713.png)
①表中
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dbe2066525aa0616cf44d051d57bf713.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dfc20b7b7f7b00ad942957d4b8cc0cf.png)
②较高电压下
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dbe2066525aa0616cf44d051d57bf713.png)
电压V | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
0.2 | 25 | 0.015 | 0.51 |
0.3 | 25 | 0.038 | 0.68 |
0.4 | 25 | 0.095 | 0.65 |
0.5 | 25 | 0.11 | 0.52 |
(6)如图为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/05454ae124642d37a14d3f2dc152eca7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/12669808bf8c05179d4ccf8f84491896.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/3/11/91893bd2-4200-4b7d-8bec-43a4a6aca648.png?resizew=52)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/3/11/99b053c8-3efa-4cd5-83ee-c3ed51517ad9.png?resizew=560)
A.2N2(g)+O2(g)=2N2O(g) ΔH=+163 kJ·mol-1 |
B.2Ag(s)+Cl2(g)= 2AgCl(s) ΔH=-127 kJ·mol-1 |
C.2HgO(s)=2Hg(l)+O2(g) ΔH=+91 kJ·mol-1 |
D.2H2O2(l)=O2(g)+2H2O(l) ΔH=-98 kJ·mol-1 |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9f1888fe4289bf42c0f773f9077f1b60.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/94679132b75edf2fc0643e4832a1e845.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2d6149377ee90af173136c0119993ccb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2d6149377ee90af173136c0119993ccb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7094324b99193ef564945aad636dae09.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/2/4/3aaae1b7-8500-4334-a83f-06990f02baeb.png?resizew=428)
下列说法正确的是
A.由![]() ![]() |
B.若反应![]() |
C.催化剂能加快反应速率,且能提高![]() |
D.每获得![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
A.NH4Cl溶于D2O的离子方程式:NH![]() |
B.100mL0.1mol·L-1的NaHCO3溶液中含有的氧原子数为0.03NA |
C.0.1molSO2与足量氧气在一定条件下反应可得到SO3分子的数目为0.1NA |
D.水凝结成冰的过程中,其焓变和熵变分别为ΔH<0,ΔS<0 |