解题方法
1 . 已知A(-2,0),B(2,0)分别是椭圆
的左、右顶点,F是椭圆的右焦点,点Q(
,
)在椭圆上,P是椭圆上异于A,B的一点.
(1)求椭圆C的标准方程:
(2)设直线l的方程为
,若直线AP与直线l交于点M,直线BP与直线l交于点N,求证:
为定值.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/48da128547c4cf9745e8e4b99988a3db.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a7ffe8515ff6183c1c7775dc6f94bdb8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/860884c0017c8bceb5b0edff796c144f.png)
(1)求椭圆C的标准方程:
(2)设直线l的方程为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f23d29646155e27b172ecdf263e2d702.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/301edd55529e0c54f93411fd606fd5a1.png)
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2 . 如图,设椭圆
,动直线
与椭圆
只有一个公共点
,且点
在第一象限.若过原点
的直线
与
垂直,证明:点
到直线
的距离的最大值为
.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ad523e69a1bf925e73a22900b9855df2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dad2a36927223bd70f426ba06aea4b45.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dad2a36927223bd70f426ba06aea4b45.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dde8112e8eb968fd042418dd632759e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2e9b0f5f44abbc6544a2f672b025b013.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dad2a36927223bd70f426ba06aea4b45.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2e9b0f5f44abbc6544a2f672b025b013.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c9f2416d1f75a45a314331146550832e.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/10/12/85154423-fbb3-4d3d-b0c6-2ce914c1d8df.png?resizew=250)
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解题方法
3 . 在平面直角坐标系xOy中,过点M(4,0)且斜率为k的直线交椭圆
+![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8a476588acbf41d798cc234a52fa21a8.png)
于A,B两点.
(1)求
的取值范围;
(2)当
时,若点A关于x轴为对称点为P,直线BP交x轴于点N,求证:|ON|为定值.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de95471bb6c16acb4fd84d8315e6a637.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8a476588acbf41d798cc234a52fa21a8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f90bae886c8ab958aa4c693bf8e0627d.png)
(1)求
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f0a532e15e232cb4b99a8d4d07c89575.png)
(2)当
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f2c80c26a794a844127aae7dee87c93b.png)
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解题方法
4 . 已知点
,不垂直于x轴的直线l与椭圆
相交于
,
两点.
(1)若M为线段AB的中点,证明:
;
(2)设C的左焦点为F,若M在∠AFB的角平分线所在直线上,且l被圆
截得的弦长为
,求l的方程.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f168123e5e9d8245c175dd6259eb3d41.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5cd1995c683ea622f150942ff32e4f1a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/12a3efb79f35db8448f3391252ab7d4e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8df332f01628130c084fd46aaca0a4b7.png)
(1)若M为线段AB的中点,证明:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ed499b34d527d32e9249b6805b5a93fa.png)
(2)设C的左焦点为F,若M在∠AFB的角平分线所在直线上,且l被圆
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a5f5d967ad135991b6075ee45df55643.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/38387ba1cadfd3dfc4dea4ca9f613cea.png)
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5卷引用:重庆市第八中学2021届高三下学期高考适应性考试(三)数学试题
重庆市第八中学2021届高三下学期高考适应性考试(三)数学试题江苏省南京市第一中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期中数学试题四川省南充高级中学2021-2022学年高三上学期第三次月考数学(文)试题(已下线)专题27 圆锥曲线点差法必刷100题-【千题百练】2022年新高考数学高频考点+题型专项千题百练(新高考适用)(已下线)重难点11九种直线和圆的方程的解题方法-3
名校
解题方法
5 . 设椭圆E1的长半轴长为a1、短半轴长为b1,椭圆E2的长半轴长为a2、短半轴长为b2,若
,则我们称椭圆E1与椭圆E2是相似椭圆.已知椭圆E:
,其左顶点为A、右顶点为B.
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/2/2/5dac46bc-e949-45a4-b896-78217eb24e98.png?resizew=153)
(1)设椭圆E与椭圆F:
是“相似椭圆”,求常数s的值;
(2)设椭圆G:
,过A作斜率为k1的直线l1与椭圆G只有一个公共点,过椭圆E的上顶点为D作斜率为k2的直线l2与椭圆G只有一个公共点,求|
的值;
(3)已知椭圆E与椭圆H:
是相似椭圆.椭圆H上异于A、B的任意一点C(x0,y1),且椭圆E上的点M(x0,y2)(
)求证:AM⊥BC.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bd731967bb86ddf18e9e473daa96041a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c82e7d9f4f7ace849e09e9adcb786b7f.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/2/2/5dac46bc-e949-45a4-b896-78217eb24e98.png?resizew=153)
(1)设椭圆E与椭圆F:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/76b1f480c4cc86e47a97b712ce8473e7.png)
(2)设椭圆G:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6e8af798961237df56e74e191b88dc65.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/249f2c7aeab56b0265bbfb3b57011453.png)
(3)已知椭圆E与椭圆H:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3f89b0bea245d8e71276f43503bae040.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ddef7fc1094028667143de29690d9a07.png)
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解题方法
6 . 已知椭圆
的右顶点为
,离心率为
.过点
与x轴不重合的直线l交椭圆E于不同的两点B,C,直线
,
分别交直线
于点M,N.
(1)求椭圆E的方程;
(2)设O为原点.求证:
.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e7e5578ca83f5bd5c285994061b9c015.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/60d295a4cc3a58f9f38ee98337313c81.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f89eef3148f2d4d09379767b4af69132.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54695f96e6f365b0cc79b3ceaf5d26cc.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f52a58fbaf4fea03567e88a9f0f6e37e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/60ef95894ceebaf236170e8832dcf7e3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/39cc033406da2cdd342308972c6701f1.png)
(1)求椭圆E的方程;
(2)设O为原点.求证:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7a5897b35e64d5c814ac47b917d45e88.png)
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8卷引用:北京市东城区2022届高三二模数学试题
7 . 已知椭圆
过点
.
(1)求C的标准方程;
(2)若过点
且不与x轴垂直的直线
与C交于
两点,记C的上顶点为D,若
,求证:
.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ad523e69a1bf925e73a22900b9855df2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0a4a6c4a511060116fbfc081dbd12e60.png)
(1)求C的标准方程;
(2)若过点
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23a9301fc1ac223f9ddee3e918b4d882.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/01c74a907dda6bb7d9d56d009d9df253.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0133b26e390fe11bc46a35e6b523b809.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fd28cdb9f395d0506a50286f55f866d1.png)
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2卷引用:江西省2022届高三智慧上进大联考一轮复习验收数学(文)试题
解题方法
8 . 在平面直角坐标系
中,已知点
,
,点M满足
.记点M的轨迹为曲线C.
(1)求曲线C的方程;
(2)设直线l不经过
点且与曲线C相交于A,B两点.若直线l过定点
,证明:直线PA与直线PB的斜率之和为定值.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7ee31829d0d4d5f779a957d7df8058ab.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/17618d8d22ebb3fd6835a7eb139b4f95.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/13683e2ecf2164a0adbfdb9923d210a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4eed5b1b5a80e66f5a6cd08be019376c.png)
(1)求曲线C的方程;
(2)设直线l不经过
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7a5f1b6f209d1a805437046ca6ef79dd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5d0924ff22fff9f5639feb0ceeece80d.png)
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解题方法
9 . 已知椭圆
的右焦点为
,左、右顶点分别为
,
,过点
任作一条直线
,与
交于异于
,
的
,
两点.
(1)设直线
,
的斜率分别为
,
,求证:
为定值;
(2)设直线
的斜率为
,是否存在正常数
,使得
?若存在,求出
的值;若不存在,请说明理由.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/279cefeb5c389a37a71e5fd3925f5954.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a0ed1ec316bc54c37c4286c208f55667.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a0ed1ec316bc54c37c4286c208f55667.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac047e91852b91af639feec23a9598b2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54a5d7d3b6b63fe5c24c3907b7a8eaa3.png)
(1)设直线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b66a5b7813e902306477f91f9f4084cd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8e5c62f22d7afc5627fcb86599faa8e1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/546a035918f025942ca99b9ffebd8eca.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dbd6a1d6fab318824426e52464a575e1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fc73b5d6f6977c62283faacd4875f7d4.png)
(2)设直线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/279563c3c055777ce1aa369a2ef54aed.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e18abc8b447e4a6ff19e6bd4a30cb7b4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/df64046e91b047037f19e4032e3b6de3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4f46f16fa0a130ebdb3cb7b99b96a9e3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/df64046e91b047037f19e4032e3b6de3.png)
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3卷引用:九师l联盟(江西省)2022届高三1月质量检测期末数学(文)试题
10 . 已知椭圆
:
的一个顶点恰好是抛物线
:
的焦点,离心率为
.
(1)求椭圆
的方程;
(2)设
,
,
,
是椭圆
上一点,且不与顶点重合,若直线
与直线
交于点
,直线
与直线
交于点
.证明
是等腰三角形.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7dd54b9df3402ad91e2d34c40efe0c7a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8455657dde27aabe6adb7b188e031c11.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e42102c1c07562853219ca5918803a27.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/860884c0017c8bceb5b0edff796c144f.png)
(1)求椭圆
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
(2)设
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ee5a1d7cc1501e44c13390c54ba39f80.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5ed0e135ad05dddd5ec57678af73433d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/48c09615735d331befd07664aa47cb8a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac047e91852b91af639feec23a9598b2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e26d9636ad77369535852c6e4493446a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/07c2cc110e46ae4b3432814810e28bcf.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dad2a36927223bd70f426ba06aea4b45.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9399c9a2a31b0e3165aea2d6ccc4f7c9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/668438e15423368cd744445e824d18a1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/acc290b44635265137fdf13146b6a6d9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e8dcc9f79fe5f07f25447aa442ee14ad.png)
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