名校
解题方法
1 . 我国科学家成功利用光伏发电,将电解水获得的
与
反应合成甲醇,再由甲醇经若干酶促反应合成淀粉。该研究成果已在国际学术期刊《科学》上发表。回答下列问题:
(1)
人工合成转化为淀粉只需要11步,其中前两步涉及的反应如图所示。
的![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a9bd5ee2be851888a2f9a34eb2ed75e4.png)
__________ (用含
、
、
、
的代数式表示)。
(2)有学者结合实验和计算机模拟结果,得出
的一种反应历程如图所示,其中吸附在催化剂表面的物种用“·”标注,TS1、TS2、TS3、TS4均为过渡态。决速步骤对应的化学方程式为__________ ;TS3对应的步骤适合在__________ (填“高温”或“低温”)条件下进行。
和
,发生反应
,在催化剂作用下单位时间内
的转化率与温度、催化剂的关系如图所示。
的生成速率__________ (填“>”“<”或“=”,下同)
的消耗速率;催化效率:Cat2__________ Cat1。
②b点之后
的转化率降低,可能的原因是__________ 。
(4)已知
催化加氢的主要反应如下:
反应Ⅰ.![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/61127a206e8bc4be15d6fd3472a8b52e.png)
反应Ⅱ.![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1b1d40ebbc1f613d901159f2ee2f045.png)
①230℃时,将
和
按物质的量之比为1:3混合通入恒温刚性密闭容器中,在催化剂作用下同时发生反应Ⅰ和反应Ⅱ,容器内压强随时间的变化如下表所示。
平衡时
,则该温度下反应Ⅰ的化学平衡常数![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/326276f15395fb6697f1502b9a1ae5e6.png)
__________
(用含
的代数式表示)。
②二氧化碳催化加氢合成甲醇反应往往伴随副反应Ⅱ。一定温度和压强条件下,为了提高反应速率和甲醇选择性,应当__________ 。
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
(1)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9b808cf6a9e63ae85e39ef8991bb8295.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a9bd5ee2be851888a2f9a34eb2ed75e4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6fbb5d519f981a09188dc18a765e8c43.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7e3396e9e066adc1d6e03779938058a9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a95d800b889e9e22aa00ec16b7f0a794.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac4bb5ab7f13c24e73afc40e9e4ab04b.png)
(2)有学者结合实验和计算机模拟结果,得出
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1b1d40ebbc1f613d901159f2ee2f045.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/61127a206e8bc4be15d6fd3472a8b52e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c523e50f790218235eae777f95a8a724.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d4d1f1e78b8ee320c79a71d3308b8db0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d4d1f1e78b8ee320c79a71d3308b8db0.png)
②b点之后
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
(4)已知
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
反应Ⅰ.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/61127a206e8bc4be15d6fd3472a8b52e.png)
反应Ⅱ.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1b1d40ebbc1f613d901159f2ee2f045.png)
①230℃时,将
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
时间/min | 0 | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 |
压强/MPa |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/904b92ce3d918c7fb9353ca004776edf.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/326276f15395fb6697f1502b9a1ae5e6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eb785fac95543901e1eb4e17e7978962.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3606c4a853a6a34cb7f33bea81b15a1f.png)
②二氧化碳催化加氢合成甲醇反应往往伴随副反应Ⅱ。一定温度和压强条件下,为了提高反应速率和甲醇选择性,应当
您最近一年使用:0次
2024-03-30更新
|
414次组卷
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6卷引用:湖北省九师联盟2024届高三下学期3月质量检测(W-G)化学试卷
名校
2 .
的转化和利用是实现碳中和的有效途径。其中
转换为
被认为是最可能利用的路径,该路径涉及反应如下:
反应![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/adc25893d0446260c1f90987e678698d.png)
反应Ⅱ:![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/08bebedd5a27ac08ecf45c4ed3f5a784.png)
请回答下列问题:
(1)在特定温度下,由稳定态单质生成
化合物的焓变叫该物质在此温度下的标准生成焓
。下表为几种物质在
的标准生成焓,则反应
的![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac4fe034ddc5dc5c445012d675b82738.png)
______
。
(2)为了提高
的平衡转化率和增大甲醇的选择性
,可采用的措施是:______ 。
a.增大
b.及时移除甲醇 c.减小容器体积 d.充入![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3aa8f3c3850dcedf15c42dbb6200a1a4.png)
(3)保持温度恒定,向某恒容容器中按体积比1:3:1充入
和
,起始压强为
。发生上述平行反应,达到平衡后压强为
。已知达到平衡时
的选择性为
。则:
①下列不能作为反应(反应Ⅰ和反应Ⅱ)达到平衡状态的判据是______ (填标号)。
A.气体的密度不再变化 B.容器的总压强不再改变
C.气体的平均摩尔质量不再变化 D.
的分压不再改变
②
的转化率为______
;该条件下反应Ⅰ的压强平衡常数
为______ (用分压表示,分压=总压
物质的量分数)
(4)已知Arrhenius经验公式为
(
为活化能,
为速率常数,
和
为常数),为探究m、n两种催化剂对反应I的催化效能,进行了实验探究,依据实验数据获得下图。在
催化剂作用下,该反应的活化能![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d79f4414ba644b98b8b954843171518b.png)
______
,从图中信息获知催化性能较高的催化剂是______ (填“
”或“
”)。
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d4d1f1e78b8ee320c79a71d3308b8db0.png)
反应
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/adc25893d0446260c1f90987e678698d.png)
反应Ⅱ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/08bebedd5a27ac08ecf45c4ed3f5a784.png)
请回答下列问题:
(1)在特定温度下,由稳定态单质生成
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/26edabbe2c43af4e74203ad34c4eff2d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/107dcda7834a3e1b2c78fcf733098e8d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f7894284fecbf72f41f8ee04c90b9148.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dd089d88c84bd060bc3587c69d294776.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac4fe034ddc5dc5c445012d675b82738.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/17ac68c255ad454565a22fca2d29ac35.png)
物质 | ||||
0 | -394 | -111 | -242 |
(2)为了提高
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/34b1ab64e7c3430c4ac541358d4ca0d1.png)
a.增大
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/317ec3bd1c4095ab5b822cbe70be0030.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3aa8f3c3850dcedf15c42dbb6200a1a4.png)
(3)保持温度恒定,向某恒容容器中按体积比1:3:1充入
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/98a1fc3ed5d65f594b6e777b133b7b51.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3aa8f3c3850dcedf15c42dbb6200a1a4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4af09ca2337fa5fa193ba5d92641c826.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b92dc063ca8344b7e1cf5aabc697951d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d4d1f1e78b8ee320c79a71d3308b8db0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2e76496989a451b5e945e3043f4af5ad.png)
①下列不能作为反应(反应Ⅰ和反应Ⅱ)达到平衡状态的判据是
A.气体的密度不再变化 B.容器的总压强不再改变
C.气体的平均摩尔质量不再变化 D.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3aa8f3c3850dcedf15c42dbb6200a1a4.png)
②
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f67a88085b1866f33f894293da618c8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b46b26e899840d86b15b7808f22d50db.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2468403b3eba9e40bfa36f464e927738.png)
(4)已知Arrhenius经验公式为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac40bb0645b7dbe0dcfeb9702598aa1b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/250b9f61a872d3d9c2dfcf70a9c53f1e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f0a532e15e232cb4b99a8d4d07c89575.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cf3ed15aa3dcc4211fb520b5b942c989.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ca66a268d6f46e0e9d5d9151b785be60.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/294f5ba74cdf695fc9a8a8e52f421328.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d79f4414ba644b98b8b954843171518b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/17ac68c255ad454565a22fca2d29ac35.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e15e00f40396e914d1d9955bd7785f1f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/96b250e4276bf3f328b03a66765541f6.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/3/23/0804f575-3dd5-4c2b-8302-f329aebcb522.png?resizew=175)
您最近一年使用:0次
名校
解题方法
3 . 为了实现“碳达峰”和“碳中和”的目标,将
转化成可利用的化学能源的“负碳”技术是世界各国关注的焦点。回答下列问题:
方法Ⅰ:
催化加氢制甲醇。
以
、
为原料合成
涉及的反应如下:
反应ⅰ:![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a141fae20ec4a21830e8ab64e5113275.png)
反应ⅱ:![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c87ba714aab69b461f0b541bc421bc2e.png)
反应ⅲ:![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/117a325c509f4a38784cd44a821fb6f3.png)
(1)计算反应ⅲ的![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/db5b3b345c22492ee5d968a0f56231d7.png)
______
。
(2)一定温度和催化剂条件下,在密闭恒容容器中按照投料
发生反应(
不参与反应),平衡时
的转化率、
和CO的选择性(如
的选择性
)随温度的变化曲线如图所示。______ 的变化(填“
”“
”或“CO”)。
②上述反应体系在一定条件下建立平衡后,下列说法正确的有______ (填标号)。
A.升高温度,反应ⅰ逆向移动,所以正反应速率减小
B.向容器中再通入少量
,
的平衡转化率下降
C.移去部分
,反应ⅲ平衡一定不移动
D.选择合适的催化剂能提高
的选择性
③保持温度不变,在恒容反应器中,初始总压为5p kPa,只发生反应ⅰ和ⅱ,达到平衡时
的转化率为80%,CO的选择性为25%,则
的转化率为______ ,反应ⅱ的压强平衡常数![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/326276f15395fb6697f1502b9a1ae5e6.png)
______ (用平衡分压代替平衡浓度计算,分压=总压×物质的量分数)
方法Ⅱ:催化加氢制甲酸
(3)科研工作者通过开发新型催化剂,利用太阳能电池将工业排放的
转化为HCOOH,实现碳中和的目标。
已知
。温度为
达到平衡时,化学平衡常数
。实验测得:
,
,
、
为速率常数。
时,![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0e00c17b1cc501b9aac7f69e06f5e28b.png)
______
;若温度为
达到平衡时,
,则![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9275bd8ce17fcc4a786510b008414ab0.png)
______
(填“>”、“<”或“=”)。
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e71c86dcd9a9e9b09bbbb65b9d313435.png)
方法Ⅰ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e71c86dcd9a9e9b09bbbb65b9d313435.png)
以
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e71c86dcd9a9e9b09bbbb65b9d313435.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/750859dd7d5b821d909e6a32c11095cf.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/50a5c6d26e9821c59de16c928dcb79f0.png)
反应ⅰ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a141fae20ec4a21830e8ab64e5113275.png)
反应ⅱ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c87ba714aab69b461f0b541bc421bc2e.png)
反应ⅲ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/117a325c509f4a38784cd44a821fb6f3.png)
(1)计算反应ⅲ的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/db5b3b345c22492ee5d968a0f56231d7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/361f59abc7521c880d24d7eb47015b61.png)
(2)一定温度和催化剂条件下,在密闭恒容容器中按照投料
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8466b33ef0d8371457b4e61b6cd9231b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f5547e0098754a8e3f31bae5d5bcb4dd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e71c86dcd9a9e9b09bbbb65b9d313435.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/50a5c6d26e9821c59de16c928dcb79f0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/50a5c6d26e9821c59de16c928dcb79f0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4923ae25f89945e494bd98ea6b7bcc81.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e71c86dcd9a9e9b09bbbb65b9d313435.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/50a5c6d26e9821c59de16c928dcb79f0.png)
②上述反应体系在一定条件下建立平衡后,下列说法正确的有
A.升高温度,反应ⅰ逆向移动,所以正反应速率减小
B.向容器中再通入少量
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/689cceefc5aed24568b73c0a6910c539.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e71c86dcd9a9e9b09bbbb65b9d313435.png)
C.移去部分
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/31db71354d1636d2d5f8d596a09650a7.png)
D.选择合适的催化剂能提高
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/50a5c6d26e9821c59de16c928dcb79f0.png)
③保持温度不变,在恒容反应器中,初始总压为5p kPa,只发生反应ⅰ和ⅱ,达到平衡时
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e71c86dcd9a9e9b09bbbb65b9d313435.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/750859dd7d5b821d909e6a32c11095cf.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/326276f15395fb6697f1502b9a1ae5e6.png)
方法Ⅱ:催化加氢制甲酸
(3)科研工作者通过开发新型催化剂,利用太阳能电池将工业排放的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e71c86dcd9a9e9b09bbbb65b9d313435.png)
已知
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e80626647c87440ebff9f3c9e395130.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2951aae4dd82ad3110ff36de110a1793.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3d2add7dc204b71374e6812aafdd89f9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/884c47a166a4243e7839209fa9928182.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0ea34082181e08c57371d0f73bdd2eef.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6115766fdc93e803b2e4ef6612bb238e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4f0168c0b10d9d09d7e7651c79b2cd16.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2951aae4dd82ad3110ff36de110a1793.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0e00c17b1cc501b9aac7f69e06f5e28b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4f0168c0b10d9d09d7e7651c79b2cd16.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a50dfd055605586fa306c47475b4feec.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6b06ba7b4cea37b4a7e009fac74d9577.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9275bd8ce17fcc4a786510b008414ab0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e9a724b59c890095baa5cb73e267c44.png)
您最近一年使用:0次
名校
解题方法
4 . 甲醇是一种重要的化工原料,具有广阔的开发和应用前景。工业上使用水煤气(CO与H2的混合气体)转化成甲醇(CH3OH)。
(1)已知一定条件下,发生反应:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/55ddd907352566f9f247b278c66a5ce0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/36ea8d94e4324ea046ec4a2ae4292276.png)
该条件下,水煤气(CO与H2的混合气体)转化成甲醇的热化学方程式是_______ 。
(2)工业上使用水煤气转化成甲醇,CO的平衡转化率与温度、压强的关系如图所示:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/3/13/aa8563f9-1601-4e29-b87a-1831aae8afb1.png?resizew=235)
①要使A点变到B点除增大压强外还可以_______ 。
②A、C两点的平衡转化率相等的原因是_______ 。
③C点条件下假设压强为P2千帕,往容器内充入1molCO与2.5molH2发生反应。平衡时H2的体积分数是_______ 、Kp=_______ 。
(3)工业上也可以用CO2和H2合成甲醇:
。在T℃时,甲、乙、丙三个2L的恒容密闭容器中,按不同方式投入反应物,测得平衡时有关数据如下。
①若x=19.2,则α1=_______ 。
②下列说法正确的是_______ (填选项字母)。
A. 2c2<c3 B. z>2y,x=y C. p3<2p1 D. a1=a2
③若反应
在四种不同情况下的反应速率分别为:
A.
B. ![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8a6e5aa411a5cc1ccd780e6dc38dac7a.png)
C.
D. ![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1c8284c239756728607f737f44260344.png)
该反应进行由慢到快的顺序为_______ (填选项字母)。
(1)已知一定条件下,发生反应:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0e1007ddeb61184ec71f3e1fc77356be.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/55ddd907352566f9f247b278c66a5ce0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c165cedaa74b707365aa964cd80c61d2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/36ea8d94e4324ea046ec4a2ae4292276.png)
该条件下,水煤气(CO与H2的混合气体)转化成甲醇的热化学方程式是
(2)工业上使用水煤气转化成甲醇,CO的平衡转化率与温度、压强的关系如图所示:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/3/13/aa8563f9-1601-4e29-b87a-1831aae8afb1.png?resizew=235)
①要使A点变到B点除增大压强外还可以
②A、C两点的平衡转化率相等的原因是
③C点条件下假设压强为P2千帕,往容器内充入1molCO与2.5molH2发生反应。平衡时H2的体积分数是
(3)工业上也可以用CO2和H2合成甲醇:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f72ae9f00dcd20c3de61c17719ae5aff.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e0b6bd0b7cb08fb2a32ecb05ec18fc66.png)
容器 | 甲 | 乙 | 丙 | |
起始反应物投入量 | 3molH2(g) 1molCO2(g) | 1molCH3OH(g) 1molH2O(g) | 2molCH3OH(g) 2molH2O(g) | |
平衡数据 | ![]() | c1 | c2 | c3 |
反应的能量变化/kJ | x | y | z | |
体系压强/Pa | p1 | p2 | p3 | |
反应物转化率 | a1 | a2 | a3 |
②下列说法正确的是
A. 2c2<c3 B. z>2y,x=y C. p3<2p1 D. a1=a2
③若反应
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ba03a642f4a2b0890438d055907531e2.png)
A.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/038abe8037b4c4a7c5a0644d75cc028e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8a6e5aa411a5cc1ccd780e6dc38dac7a.png)
C.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/315cc475b58599300ccb6d6bcd43f515.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1c8284c239756728607f737f44260344.png)
该反应进行由慢到快的顺序为
您最近一年使用:0次
5 .
和
是两种常见的温室气体,利用
和
生成高附加值合成气
和
,以及甲烷部分催化裂解制备乙烯是目前研究的热点之一。回答下列问题:
(1)已知:
;
;
。
反应
的![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/41a0c6971b36d0629239b4e185ecad3a.png)
______
;对于该反应,有利于提高
平衡转化率的条件是______ (填字母)。
A.高温高压 B.高温低压 C.低温高压 D.低温低压
(2)
常用于工业冶炼金属,如图是在不同温度下
还原三种金属氧化物达平衡后气体中
与温度
的关系曲线图。______ (填字母)。
A.
还原
的反应![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fa04c24143d6119596a5e2187bba7479.png)
B.
不适宜用于工业冶炼金属铬(
)
C.工业冶炼金属铜时较低的温度有利于提高
的利用率
D.工业上可以通过增高反应装置来延长矿石和
接触的时间,减少尾气中
的含量
②某铜铬合金的立方晶胞结构如图所示。晶胞中铜原子与铬原子的数量比为______ ;若合金的密度为
,晶胞参数表达式为![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/970ede1b912fa8414094f27120a17e4d.png)
______
(阿伏加德罗常数的值用
表示)。
。温度为
,压强为
时,向体积可变的密闭容器中加入
,平衡时
转化率为
,若温度、压强和
初始量不变,充入
作为稀释气,平衡时
转化率为
,则充入
的物质的量为______ mol。
(4)一定温度下,将
充入
的固定容积容器中发生反应
。实验测得容器内各气体分压与时间的关系如图所示。
①
的平衡转化率为______ 。
②反应的平衡常数![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a761a3001e77c4e3ffea4a830c3c7026.png)
______ 。
③若在该温度下,向容器中再充入
,达到平衡时,平衡混合物中
的物质的量分数______ (填“增大”“减小”或“不变”)。
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
(1)已知:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f1c4c5e4c2073745be420827654b734c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2d56d0337f12ee044cf345dae7f14e5e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fbd823525d2ac18a9a2babf98a3a085b.png)
反应
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/324da15fee777e885bfb682efb66cba0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/41a0c6971b36d0629239b4e185ecad3a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4b2a6bc4b5ef80a57a78c144749392c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
A.高温高压 B.高温低压 C.低温高压 D.低温低压
(2)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2b60019066ae5bdad160062bcb8604d0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/527da44e8ef98433f931bb3d23b0706b.png)
A.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9d809ecbd2ab9eb4fa0ffcd780b48d3b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fa04c24143d6119596a5e2187bba7479.png)
B.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0818f5c9aa9a6c2d3bf706242fdeeaca.png)
C.工业冶炼金属铜时较低的温度有利于提高
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
D.工业上可以通过增高反应装置来延长矿石和
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
②某铜铬合金的立方晶胞结构如图所示。晶胞中铜原子与铬原子的数量比为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6d001f113b0798f1ff171cf438650cdd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/970ede1b912fa8414094f27120a17e4d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2278453decba0a99a1cf4232962cb5a8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0bbbfc69cfd78a89c450bdb65076e431.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1c3672fbd58ceb02a00b698dd5a7608.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de322daa655e03aa780a5659fb2b1d3c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/92ef5c07c005f1a9f7f4587c9837fb32.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/70697751723a407b0bbc543af07538d1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/740dce8766fa740f45fa05fb5f0a69c7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ae0e096b2da4e212e44cefe8018f1d10.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9eb5ead0db01fc4961b16e85199424ef.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a58453e277815a9e6bb2682460ce85f0.png)
(4)一定温度下,将
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/70697751723a407b0bbc543af07538d1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c424e9f778fdc2a13a59898ab0ccbbe3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/963f210505819d02177bd73d8489ecac.png)
①
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
②反应的平衡常数
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a761a3001e77c4e3ffea4a830c3c7026.png)
③若在该温度下,向容器中再充入
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/70697751723a407b0bbc543af07538d1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d4e6553c72b887ca38fa8b1381a128f9.png)
您最近一年使用:0次
6 . 草酸锰晶体(
)是一种常见的化工产品,其在生产、生活中均有一定的运用。回答下列问题:
已知:①![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4fb8db10c586117527243063da00f783.png)
②![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0bceada1361328722503ca90765f49a4.png)
③![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0668f2e8bb3c904e421a98e5d0d6e894.png)
(1)![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0d162da1d4b847705f3c14a53b2911e2.png)
___________
。(用含a、b、c的代数式表示)
(2)在
时,向密闭真空容器中加入足量
粉末,只发生反应③,达到平衡时测得
浓度为
。保持温度不变,将容器体积变为原来的2倍并保持体积不变,达到新平衡时测得
,浓度等于___________(填标号)。
(3)草酸锰在不同催化剂(
和
)作用下分解速率与温度的关系如图所示。已知:速率常数与温度的关系式为
(
为活化能)。___________ (填“
”或“
”),判断的依据是___________ 。
(4)
下,向恒容密闭容器中加入足量的
粉末及充入
氧气,起始压强为
,发生反应:
,经
达到平衡,此时测得混合气体平均相对分子质量为41。
①
内O2分压变化率为___________
。
②此温度下,该反应的压强平衡常数![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e9a430bc430e866648a9ba303156a1d.png)
___________
。
提示:用分压计算的平衡常数叫压强平衡常数
,分压=总压×物质的量分数。
(5)研究发现,碳酸盐
分解机理如下:①
,②
,
稳定性强弱决定
分解温度,即
越稳定,越容易发生反应②,
分解温度越低。已知:
、
的半径依次为
、
,
、
的分解温度依次为
、
。试用结构理论解释
的分解温度远低于
的原因:___________ 。
(6)一定质量的
在空气中灼烧,固体质量与温度的关系如图。___________ 。
②de段的化学方程式为___________ 。
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c36685a0394e1f5b234474cab38e6b76.png)
已知:①
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4fb8db10c586117527243063da00f783.png)
②
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0bceada1361328722503ca90765f49a4.png)
③
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0668f2e8bb3c904e421a98e5d0d6e894.png)
(1)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0d162da1d4b847705f3c14a53b2911e2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/24cde03068deb44bd00e929884761b9d.png)
(2)在
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/02e4335ae32ecb15bc48895e167a0fa3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cf99f9f4a0786ee442e924dc54b7ea4c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e71c86dcd9a9e9b09bbbb65b9d313435.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/231185bf6a08dbe272118dcbb8ba3df4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e71c86dcd9a9e9b09bbbb65b9d313435.png)
A.![]() | B.![]() | C.![]() | D.![]() |
(3)草酸锰在不同催化剂(
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7da722eb1b03456d5110ba2d3140fe5d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/beaaf94155a6b9c04fcf537918387d25.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f16d4a841c255540510610356a274e12.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5a7626e3b8e86ff552a758b5b159a0a2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7da722eb1b03456d5110ba2d3140fe5d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/beaaf94155a6b9c04fcf537918387d25.png)
(4)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d974447c9730b8d4fe6d052c82afa5f6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cf99f9f4a0786ee442e924dc54b7ea4c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ba9963ddcf7b84326039309aee8644d4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/87e6de2851387ba215fddd52210c868a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c43cfa036c9acc3ad0b0a11ac22b4eeb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/09ef6b3d25dabd6304a6cb6294b61d0c.png)
①
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5c06980106e2c3a0ff2a8eb991515bcc.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b64239c637e6413b94bf48d86edbf1f5.png)
②此温度下,该反应的压强平衡常数
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e9a430bc430e866648a9ba303156a1d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/82011a0d57f41965aba3887601bbcfca.png)
提示:用分压计算的平衡常数叫压强平衡常数
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/febe6ae46e15c2df1772464535e1ce23.png)
(5)研究发现,碳酸盐
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/087fd45953b061ff68e630204a6c7412.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5e1902adc01527db670c9b18934399a5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/faf3eecc403b1b4fc47ea4dc1c6b00a0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/501f8a93cc6301cba5c7d80e9eb77450.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/087fd45953b061ff68e630204a6c7412.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/645437d91de95c8f2841bb77c2e12c39.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/087fd45953b061ff68e630204a6c7412.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2293442fbaeba329c0deab4c6c56a78a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7592efdb9e761635eb01eac2725f2b41.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3c384bfb5d8b58dbf0df6a1a948e7068.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7459879f6a001ce779d94d07e0d57424.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cf99f9f4a0786ee442e924dc54b7ea4c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e2c5c4252151fd66a6c92cc209dca171.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/15ee0643a7f43af6ac3e1291b858f275.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/589eba21390eeb3f1366a1b6405077d6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a3b8ee42352b29fa0eae0be6a3c386e2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e2c5c4252151fd66a6c92cc209dca171.png)
(6)一定质量的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c36685a0394e1f5b234474cab38e6b76.png)
②de段的化学方程式为
您最近一年使用:0次
7 .
选择性还原是有效利用二氧化碳资源的途径之一,是减少二氧化碳的一种比较有效实际的方法。
(1)
和
在催化剂作用下能选择性合成甲烷,已知:
ⅰ.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b337766c59570aa0611e4e051bd1eec6.png)
ⅱ.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9d8497e9d5d57173641c4c3cddc910ae.png)
则ⅲ.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a9bd5ee2be851888a2f9a34eb2ed75e4.png)
__________
。
(2)在一定温度下,将
和
充入容积为2L的恒容密闭容器中,仅发生反应ⅱ,10min时达到平衡,此时测得混合气体中
的物质的量分数为30%,则10min内
的平均反应速率![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5e62c8d8af5df512abb2e3c328278973.png)
__________
,CO的平衡转化率为__________ 。
(3)以
的比例向恒容密闭容器中通入
、
的混合气体使之仅发生反应ⅲ,起始压强为101kPa。相同时间内测得容器中
的转化率与温度的关系如图所示。![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c175ae491f8aab736e87cd0c7653fd1e.png)
__________ (填“>”“<”或“=”,下同)
;平衡常数:![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d11c956cdc6d95f113266afadab1320f.png)
__________
。
②试分析从A点至C点
的转化率增大的可能原因:__________ 。
③平衡时,若保持温度和压强不变,向容器中充入一定量的
(不参与化学反应),此时
的转化率__________ (填“增大”“减小”或“不变”)。
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
(1)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
ⅰ.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1b1d40ebbc1f613d901159f2ee2f045.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b337766c59570aa0611e4e051bd1eec6.png)
ⅱ.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/705d147ee2b5cfd63f9cdef2af104e5a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9d8497e9d5d57173641c4c3cddc910ae.png)
则ⅲ.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3be3e8749ff647f1860635d0e63e5eef.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a9bd5ee2be851888a2f9a34eb2ed75e4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4b2a6bc4b5ef80a57a78c144749392c.png)
(2)在一定温度下,将
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1444e473955f733982e7ec83a45a30a4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/14de19e952deed986820c1919e53e4a5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5e62c8d8af5df512abb2e3c328278973.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5547f6339f968a7af10c5c0c781308a9.png)
(3)以
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2218ca1ef449f6a0f9b925022db004cb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c175ae491f8aab736e87cd0c7653fd1e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b965da982ffb1c164a39a635251bd62e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d11c956cdc6d95f113266afadab1320f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b098816c3f0a90ff83d4e78e32168449.png)
②试分析从A点至C点
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7885a02a48d61bbb2dcecffee289187e.png)
③平衡时,若保持温度和压强不变,向容器中充入一定量的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f5547e0098754a8e3f31bae5d5bcb4dd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7885a02a48d61bbb2dcecffee289187e.png)
您最近一年使用:0次
2024-02-01更新
|
58次组卷
|
2卷引用:湖北省十堰市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试化学试题
8 . 氮氧化物
排放到大气中会严重危害人体健康。
技术是去除NOx最为有效的技术之一,在催化剂条件下,以
将尾气中NOx还原为
从而降低污染。
(1)反应Ⅰ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e97e90a03b8f6ffd52363fc363df5197.png)
反应Ⅱ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1afbb909f311cf12edffaa4f9353d23c.png)
反应Ⅲ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a95d800b889e9e22aa00ec16b7f0a794.png)
则:ΔH3=_______ kJ/mol
(2)用
去除尾气中的NOx,当
时,可发生“快速
反应”,其有利于增大NOx脱除率。该反应的化学方程式为___________ 。
(3)研究发现加入臭氧会发生反应:
,对
技术去除NOx有一定的辅助作用。
时,
脱除率较高,原因是___________ 。
(4)一定温度下,向
恒容密闭容器中充入
和
,仅发生反应Ⅱ,起始压强为
,反应过程中
的物质的量如下表所示:
内,该反应的平均反应速率![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4092dc7be9432c0868fc3305872bb3e1.png)
___________ 。该反应的平衡常数![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/326276f15395fb6697f1502b9a1ae5e6.png)
___________ (列出计算式)。
(5)利用隔膜电解法脱除废气中的
的装置如图所示。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/1/30/01f437a1-f868-4dd0-8639-ef771349602c.png?resizew=318)
电解池中阴极的电极反应式为___________ 。当处理
的物质的量为
时,阳极区电解质溶液的质量减少___________
。
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d299dc446db60764e24971f62b09b34f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/30fc826fe9b7aa8e2126916113351f33.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dbe2066525aa0616cf44d051d57bf713.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f5547e0098754a8e3f31bae5d5bcb4dd.png)
(1)反应Ⅰ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/00954556ce8025de192e8769d6a55195.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e97e90a03b8f6ffd52363fc363df5197.png)
反应Ⅱ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c3787176ef8c203b7a2d5f9fa73accc3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1afbb909f311cf12edffaa4f9353d23c.png)
反应Ⅲ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f0726aa466ddb967febb2e28225865bf.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a95d800b889e9e22aa00ec16b7f0a794.png)
则:ΔH3=
(2)用
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dbe2066525aa0616cf44d051d57bf713.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/42ff726474d704451f62e513987d8223.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2bddea1aebbf188b6d1ec2f8823744d4.png)
(3)研究发现加入臭氧会发生反应:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e66cd902a127cc9a5811baeba2dd90ac.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/30fc826fe9b7aa8e2126916113351f33.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/592f8ba7ebec67913bef8e5a1ebd6f5c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9110e80d125190c4b5bed606e1fc2220.png)
(4)一定温度下,向
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c424e9f778fdc2a13a59898ab0ccbbe3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/be5a9ed67b3c01fb105ed321c73f6b28.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/547a49b98641a5a7301996829b6d31ac.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce4eb1eb3bfbb5bd39433a44232816e1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dbe2066525aa0616cf44d051d57bf713.png)
![]() | 0 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 |
![]() | 1 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/076cd1d427babafbc2d6dd5f822a8e1d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4092dc7be9432c0868fc3305872bb3e1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/326276f15395fb6697f1502b9a1ae5e6.png)
(5)利用隔膜电解法脱除废气中的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9110e80d125190c4b5bed606e1fc2220.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/1/30/01f437a1-f868-4dd0-8639-ef771349602c.png?resizew=318)
电解池中阴极的电极反应式为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9110e80d125190c4b5bed606e1fc2220.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/26edabbe2c43af4e74203ad34c4eff2d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d927be31040b0782b6c0e30b6f58a72a.png)
您最近一年使用:0次
9 . 肼(N2H4)作为火箭发射的燃料助力神舟十七号载人飞船发射取得圆满成功。回答下列问题:
(1)以Fe2+配合物为催化中心,可实现NH2OH与NH3转化为N2H4,反应历程如下所示:___________ ,形成的化学键是___________ (填标号)。
a.N-H键 b.O-H键 c.N-O键 d.N-N键
②若将NH2OH替换为ND2OD,反应所得含氮物质是___________ 。
(2)键能是指气态分子中lmol化学键解离成气态原子所吸收的能量。已知部分化学键的键能如下表所示:
则N2H4(g)和O2(g)反应的热化学方程式是___________ 。
若用F2(g)代替O2(g)作氧化剂,反应释放的能量更大。
已知:H2(g)+F2(g)=2HF(g)
H =-538kJ/mol
2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(g)
H =-484kJ/mol
则N2H4(g)+2F2(g)=N2(g)+4HF(g)的
H =_______ kJ/mol。
(3)N2H4是二元弱碱,在水中的电离方式与NH3相似。N2H4第二步电离的方程式是________ ,N2H4与H2SO4形成正盐的化学式是___________ 。
(1)以Fe2+配合物为催化中心,可实现NH2OH与NH3转化为N2H4,反应历程如下所示:
a.N-H键 b.O-H键 c.N-O键 d.N-N键
②若将NH2OH替换为ND2OD,反应所得含氮物质是
(2)键能是指气态分子中lmol化学键解离成气态原子所吸收的能量。已知部分化学键的键能如下表所示:
化学键 | N-H | O-H | O=O | N≡N | N-N |
键能/(kJ·mol-1) | 391 | 463 | 497 | 945 | 193 |
若用F2(g)代替O2(g)作氧化剂,反应释放的能量更大。
已知:H2(g)+F2(g)=2HF(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff35e4e3cdc188643c46265591575c6.png)
2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff35e4e3cdc188643c46265591575c6.png)
则N2H4(g)+2F2(g)=N2(g)+4HF(g)的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff35e4e3cdc188643c46265591575c6.png)
(3)N2H4是二元弱碱,在水中的电离方式与NH3相似。N2H4第二步电离的方程式是
您最近一年使用:0次
10 . CH3OH是重要的能源物质,CO2转化为甲醇是一种有效减少CO2排放的方法。
(1)
加氢制甲醇过程中发生的主要反应为反应Ⅰ
,
该反应一般认为通过反应Ⅱ和反应Ⅲ两步实现。
反应Ⅱ
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/000bd5aac25b22c777a09bfc2b678f47.png)
反应Ⅲ
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/82670b750e44784ee3ebe92158e95779.png)
若反应Ⅱ为慢反应,下列示意图中能体现上述反应能量变化的是___________(填标号)。
(2)向恒温2L容器中充入一定量
和
,发生反应![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/61127a206e8bc4be15d6fd3472a8b52e.png)
。图中过程Ⅰ、Ⅱ是在不同催化剂作用下
的转化率
随时间(t)的变化曲线。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/1/2/964174cc-7ac7-4b3c-9516-dfe3f5b42856.png?resizew=233)
下列说法正确的是___________(填序号)。
(3)在25℃和
的条件下,发生反应
,反应建立平衡后,再逐步增大体系的压强。表中列出了不同压强下平衡时物质CO的浓度。
①压强从
到
,平衡___________ (填“正向”“逆向”或“不”)移动;
②压强从
到
,浓度从0.20变为
的原因是___________ 。
(4)在温度
、容积2L的密闭容器中加入1mol
和3mol
发生如下反应:
,平衡后
的体积分数为50%。若在相同温度,相同体积的容器中加入2.4mol
、4.2mol
、1mol
、2mol
,平衡后,![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ebd4f3997bee8dc8caf2f047d0155954.png)
___________
(填“>”“<”“=”或“不能确定”)
(5)温度为
时,在容积为2L的密闭容器中加入1mol
和3mol
发生下列反应,平衡时
的物质的量为0.5mol。反应开始时与平衡时压强之比为___________ 。
反应Ⅰ![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/61127a206e8bc4be15d6fd3472a8b52e.png)
反应Ⅱ![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1b1d40ebbc1f613d901159f2ee2f045.png)
反应Ⅲ
(1)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/61127a206e8bc4be15d6fd3472a8b52e.png)
该反应一般认为通过反应Ⅱ和反应Ⅲ两步实现。
反应Ⅱ
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1b1d40ebbc1f613d901159f2ee2f045.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/000bd5aac25b22c777a09bfc2b678f47.png)
反应Ⅲ
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6e93a62c38a0c9c910e0cb08af44e843.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/82670b750e44784ee3ebe92158e95779.png)
若反应Ⅱ为慢反应,下列示意图中能体现上述反应能量变化的是___________(填标号)。
A.![]() | B.![]() | C.![]() | D.![]() |
(2)向恒温2L容器中充入一定量
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/61127a206e8bc4be15d6fd3472a8b52e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c523e50f790218235eae777f95a8a724.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ed5fa396a9dbe426e7c3b21e223105a6.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/1/2/964174cc-7ac7-4b3c-9516-dfe3f5b42856.png?resizew=233)
下列说法正确的是___________(填序号)。
A.m点:![]() |
B.![]() |
C.活化能:过程Ⅱ<过程Ⅰ |
D.![]() |
(3)在25℃和
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2ff6fb93815ab885959773953a897776.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1b1d40ebbc1f613d901159f2ee2f045.png)
压强(Pa) | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
浓度(![]() | 0.08 | 0.20 | 0.44 |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1e53a268244b58e62c8a202a49d293a2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cbeb51845e2f8e05037486e2d783921a.png)
②压强从
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f2275949325bb3ee63e5f06b2be8db7a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac662245b65a02808cdefb23a897625f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d42d206473a2d6edaa342f7988c5ea8c.png)
(4)在温度
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/85242e455a682eb4aa47abd6fb6af8fc.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/61127a206e8bc4be15d6fd3472a8b52e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d4d1f1e78b8ee320c79a71d3308b8db0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/98183b7becdd0efb6fe8f57cdcbce983.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ebd4f3997bee8dc8caf2f047d0155954.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4dac452fbb5ef6dd653e7fbbef639484.png)
(5)温度为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f9b32741cd93e0e1054cebe946095be.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d4d1f1e78b8ee320c79a71d3308b8db0.png)
反应Ⅰ
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/61127a206e8bc4be15d6fd3472a8b52e.png)
反应Ⅱ
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b1b1d40ebbc1f613d901159f2ee2f045.png)
反应Ⅲ
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6e93a62c38a0c9c910e0cb08af44e843.png)
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