1 . 
It’s hard to say no to hamburgers, French fries and all of the other junk food. However, eating too much junk food can harm your body, especially if you’re between the ages of 10 and 19. “Junk food shapes teenage brains in ways that harm their ability to think, learn and remember. It can also make it harder to control impulsive (冲动的 ) behaviors,” said Amy Reichelt, at Western University, Canada. “It may even raise a teen’s risk of mental (精神上的) problems.”
Reichelt and two other researchers reviewed more than 100 studies, about how poor food choices can affect teenage brains. They found teenagers are more sensitive (敏感的) than any other age group to foods with a lot of fat and sugar as their brains are not yet fully formed.
Teenage brains are still developing the ability to notice risks and control actions. The prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) is the part of the brain that tells us we shouldn’t eat chips all the time and helps us control ourselves. However, this part doesn’t fully develop until we are in our early 20s.
Meanwhile, teen brains get more excited from rewards (奖励). The parts of the brain that make us feel good when we do something enjoyable — like eating tasty foods — are fully developed by the teen years.
In fact, these parts are even more sensitive when we are young. That’s because dopamine (多巴胺 ), a natural chemical that makes us feel happy when we experience something good, is especially active in teenage brains.
Therefore, the teen brain has two attacks against it when it comes to saying no to junk food. “It has an increased drive for rewards and reduced self-control,” said Reichelt.
Reichelt and her team did their own study using mice, whose brains develop much like our own. They discovered that “teenage” mice that had high-fat foods performed worse on memory tests than those eating normal foods. Researchers said the high-fat foods may make the mice’s prefrontal cortex work less effectively.
So, what’s the best way to say no to junk food? The answer is exercise. When we exercise, the brain becomes less sensitive to food, besides this, it also helps our brains grow and become better able to make wise decisions and control our behaviors.
1. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?| A．What problems are caused by junk food. |
| B．What junk food teenagers like most. |
| C．How junk food harms teenage brains. |
| D．How junk food shapes teenage brains. |
| A．Teenagers are less sensitive than any other age group to junk food. |
| B．Junk food may make people’s prefrontal cortex work less effectively. |
| C．Dopamine helps our brains become better able to make wise decisions. |
| D．The prefrontal cortex makes us happy when we do something enjoyable. |
| A．Teenage Brains | B．Healthy Food for Teenagers |
| C．Food for Thought | D．Exercise: the Best for Brains |
2 . Today, there are many ads on social media and most ads are impossible to avoid, especially when people follow some famous influencers. The influencers are Internet celebrities(名人) with lots of social media followers, and their posts can influence lots of people. The new data from a research made by a teen researcher shows that these influencers promote(推销) more unhealthy foods and drinks than other celebrities.
The new findings come from Nyasha Nyoni, 17. Nyasha is an athlete who likes cooking in the kitchen. Being healthy is important to her. She used to look at food and drink ads on mainstream ( 主 流 ) media. “I thought it would be interesting to look at social media,” Nyasha says, “because it’s a newer technology and it is growing so quickly.” Social-media platforms are often paid to promote foods and drinks. Nyasha wondered how healthy those products were, so she chose to make a research about it.
First, Nyasha needed a list of Internet celebrities’accounts(账号). She picked 100 athletes from a Forbes list of the world’s highest-paid athletes. Her list of 100 musicians came from Billboard’s hot 100 songs. And she picked 100 biggest influencers on social media. Nyasha looked through their posts about promoting foods and drinks in 2019 and 2020. It turns out that the influencers promoted more snack products than other groups. Snacks were the unhealthiest food on social media.
Nyasha was surprised by the result of her research. It didn’t match up with her experience or other studies. She’d expected influencers to promote more diet-related products. However, snacks were the most popular type of products by all three groups. Fruits, vegetables and water were least promoted.
“These findings could encourage new social media rules to protect young users from unhealthy ads,” Nyasha says, “Nearly four out of every ten social media users are between the ages of 13 to 24. Influencers’ ads may be especially alluring(有吸引力的),” she says, “The influencers may be seen as more relatable than mainstream celebrities. As a result, young users may have fewer doubts about the products they promote”.
This study has changed the way Nyasha sees her own social media. She has unfollowed some people who pushed unhealthy habits. She honestly thinks everyone should do that. Young users should get to construct(建构) their own social-media feeds to make that online space as healthy and positive as possible.
1. Nyasha Nyoni did the new research in order to find out ________.| A．what the most popular ads were among young users on the social media |
| B．how healthy the online foods and drinks promoted by influencers were |
| C．which kind of foods and drinks was the best-seller on mainstream media |
| D．why Internet celebrities promoted foods and drinks on the social media |
| A．influencers should not be paid to promote any kind of products online |
| B．elderly people must stop eating unhealthy food from the social media |
| C．a new law would be made to protect influencers from their followers |
| D．young users should keep away from the unhealthy social-media feeds |
| A．Nyasha was surprised that snacks were mostly promoted by three groups. |
| B．Influencers were eager to promote more diet-related products than others. |
| C．Nyasha has followed the posts of the celebrities for more than four years. |
| D．Mainstream celebrities were likely to be more attractive to the young users. |
| A．To warn influencers not to post unhealthy ads on social media any more. |
| B．To point out the bad effects of following influencers on the social media. |
| C．To encourage young users to buy foods and drinks in mainstream media. |
| D．To show some differences between social media and the mainstream ones. |
3 . Healthy eating is very important for our health. We should build healthy eating habits. We should eat different kinds of vegetables and fruits every day. Healthy eating doesn’t just mean what you eat, but how you eat. Here is some advice on healthy eating.
Eat with others. It can help you to see others’ eating habits. If you usually eat with your parents, you will find that the food you eat is more delicious.
Listen to your body (身体). Ask yourself if (是否) you are really hungry (饿). Have a glass of water to see if you are thirsty (渴) — sometimes you are just thirsty, you need no food. Stop eating before you feel full.
Eat breakfast. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. After you don’t eat for the past ten hours, your body needs food to get you going. You will be smarter (更聪明) after eating breakfast.
Eat healthy snacks (零食) like fruits, yogurt (酸奶) or cheese. We all need snacks sometimes. In fact, it’s a good idea to eat two healthy snacks between your three meals. This doesn’t mean that you can eat a bag of chips instead of a meal.
Don’t eat dinner late. With our busy life, we always put off (推迟) eating dinner until the last minute. Try to eat dinner at least 3 hours before you go to bed. This will give your body a chance to digest (消化) most of the food before you rest for the next 8 to 10 hours.
As you can see, having a healthy eating habit is important for everyone. Let’s have a healthy eating habit and lead a happy life.
1. When we eat with others, we can________.| A．know what we can eat | B．eat more snacks |
| C．see others’ eating habits | D．eat more fruit and vegetables |
| A．Snacks are bad for our health. |
| B．Dinner is the most important meal of the day. |
| C．Eating with our parents can make us smarter. |
| D．We should have dinner at least 3 hours before going to bed. |
| A．where to eat | B．how to eat |
| C．why to eat | D．when to eat |
4 . Wang Yan, a 15-year-old Chinese girl, likes eating snacks very much. She likes cream biscuits, McDonald’s hamburgers and KFC chicken, so she gets fat.
Today in China, there are many children like Wang Yan. Health experts (专家) suggest that children should have healthy eating habits. First, they should eat three meals and begin with a healthy breakfast. Second, they should have different kinds of food such as fruit, vegetables, grain, eggs, milk and meat. Third, children shouldn’t eat too much junk food. It is delicious, but it is bad for their health. If children do as the experts suggest, they can’t be fat. They will be healthy. As a result, students won’t become tired at school, and they will have enough energy to study.
1. Why does Wang Yan get fat?| A．Because she doesn’t like sports. | B．Because she likes eating vegetables. |
| C．Because she likes eating snacks. | D．Because she likes eating fruit. |
| A．Two. | B．Three. | C．Four. |
| A．Biscuits, eggs and ice cream. |
| B．Cream biscuits, McDonald’s hamburgers and KFC chicken. |
| C．Fruit, vegetables, grain, eggs, milk and meat. |
| A．In a student’s diary. | B．In a guide book. | C．In a magazine. |
Day 1: Difficulty
McDonald’s is calling me! But I remember my words. I have fish for dinner.
Day 2: Trying (尝试) new things
I have healthy vegetable noodles. How good it is!
Day 3: New breakfast
For breakfast, I have a banana sandwich with an egg. Don’t let the name “sandwich” cheat (欺骗) you. The banana is just the “bread” for this breakfast.
Day 4: At-home burrito
I make myself a burrito. Tomatoes, beans and some other vegetables are in it. I like it so much！
Day 5: Going all out
I made it! I will try to eat healthy food more often.
1. What do we know about the writer from Day 1?
| A．McDonald’s has fish for dinner. |
| B．The writer wants to eat McDonald’s. |
| C．McDonald’s remembers the writer. |
| D．The writer is calling McDonald’s. |
| A．Because the sandwich isn’t healthy. |
| B．Because the writer only eats a banana. |
| C．Because the writer doesn’t like sandwiches. |
| D．Because there is no bread in the sandwich. |
| A．New things at home | B．Going out for food |
| C．No fast food days | D．Trying new breakfast |
6 . Boys and girls, it’s important for you to have good eating habits (习惯), because they can help you live a healthy life. Read the following ideas and you can learn a lot.
Always eat together with your family.
Have at least (至少) one meal with your family members every day. A family dinner can make you feel warm.
Never watch TV while eating meals.
Don’t watch TV while you are having a meal, because you don’t know what you are eating when you watch TV. And you have no time to chat with others.
Wash your hands before every meal.
All of the bacteria (细菌) on your dirty hands will go into your mouth if you don’t wash hands before meals. And that is bad for your health.
Taste the food even if you don’t like it.
Don’t always eat your favourite food. Eating different kinds of foods can help you get much nutrition (营养).
1. Who is the passage for?| A．Teachers. | B．Parents. | C．Doctors. | D．Students. |
| A．Three. | B．Four. | C．Five. | D．Six. |
| A．A dinner can make you sad. | B．You can watch TV while eating meals. |
| C．Wash hands before every meal. | D．Always eat your favourite food. |
| A．Fun Story | B．Animal World |
| C．Healthy Life | D．School activities |
Do you have lunch at school? Do you like having lunch at school? School dinners that means “lunch” are a hot topic (话题) in the UK these days and there are lots of different opinions (观点) about what young people eat at lunchtime.
Some people think that school meals are unhealthy, some people say that they are much better than those in the past and others say that midday meals should be free for all school children.
What is a school dinner?
A typical school dinner costs about 2 pounds a day for a secondary pupil in the UK. There is usually a main course, a dessert and a drink. Parents often pay online in advance. School dinners must include (包括) food groups such as fruit and vegetables, protein (for example meat, fish or cheese) and carbohydrate (for example rice or pasta). There are rules about how the food is prepared, for example there are limits (限制) on how much of fried food there can be in a dinner.
Neverseconds—the school dinners blog
Martha Payne, from Scotland, started a blog (博客) called Neverseconds about her school dinners when she was just nine years old. She posts photos of her lunch every day and gives the food a grade (级别) out of ten. The grade depends on how healthy it is. Many people read her blog and young people from all over the world post pictures of their school meals on Neverseconds. On the blog, Martha also collects money to buy food for more than 600,000 poor children around the world.
The future for school dinners
More than a third of British school pupils have school dinners. There are plans to examine school dinners in the UK and look at ways to make them better. Henry Dimbleby and John Vincent started “Leon” chain restaurants to sell healthy fast food. The British government (政府) has asked the two restaurant owners to collect information about school dinners and see how they become better. Hopefully, lunchtime food in British schools will soon be better.
1. Which opinion about school dinners in the UK is NOT in the passage? ________| A．They are expensive. |
| B．They are unhealthy. |
| C．They should be free. |
| D．They become better. |
| A．Chicken, milk and rice. |
| B．Vegetables, chicken and pasta. |
| C．Fruit, beef and cheese. |
| D．Vegetables, fish and eggs. |
| A．Martha grades her school dinners poorly on Neverseconds. |
| B．Martha started Neverseconds for collecting money for the poor. |
| C．Martha’s blog is popular online and helpful to people in real life. |
| D．Martha helps more than 600,000 poor children as a 9-year-old girl. |
| A．About half of school pupils in the UK have school dinners. |
| B．There will be stricter limits on the fried food in a school dinner. |
| C．There’re so many problems with school dinners so it is a hot topic. |
| D．“Leon” restaurants help the government to improve school dinners. |
8 . As parents, we like to make sure that our children are eating well and getting all the nutrients they need. Children need two to three kinds of vegetables every day.
A simple way to get our children to eat vegetables is by eating them ourselves. Following our example, they may start eating vegetables themselves. Don’t say things like, “If you eat your vegetables, you can have dessert.” These methods work for a little while but can possibly lead them to hate vegetables more. Give your children new varieties of foods which will help them develop a taste for trying new things.
Sometimes the simple things just don’t work. We have to start becoming a little creative to make our children eat vegetables. By doing this in the beginning when children are small, we will help them learn to love vegetables.
Think of creative ways to make children eat vegetables. For example, cut up vegetables like carrots, cucumbers and place them in a creative way on a plate for an afternoon snack. Or try using cheese sauce either by dipping the vegetables in it or by putting the cheese right on top of cooked or raw (生的) vegetables.
If you prefer, you can also add a teaspoon of sugar on top of cooked green beans and peas to make them taste a little sweeter. Doing this shouldn’t lead to a sweet tooth as long as you only give them a small amount.
If you have children that refuse to eat vegetables, some of these suggestions I’ve listed will help to turn that around. In the end, you’re not only just getting them to eat vegetables, you’re also helping them to live a healthier lifestyle.
1. The underlined word “them” (in Paragraph 2) refers to “________”.| A．foods | B．vegetables | C．cheese | D．nutrients |
| A．It is necessary to think of creative ways to make children eat vegetables. |
| B．Children need to eat vegetables every day for their health. |
| C．Parents should help children live a healthy lifestyle. |
| D．Sugar can make children keep a healthy diet. |
| A．How to Make Children Eat More Vegetables |
| B．More and More Children Like Eating Vegetables |
| C．There Are Many Kinds of Vegetables for Children |
| D．Vegetables Are Very Important for Children’s Health |
9 . Lunch or Junk?
It’s lunch time at Hall Memorial School in Connecticut, and 10-year-old Haley is making her way through the food line. Many of her friends are pleased with the day’s lunch selections: pizza and French fries and hot dogs. But Haley feels discouraged. “I use four or five napkins just trying to get the grease off the pizza,” she says. “Where are the healthy choices?”
Health experts are asking the same question. They say foods high in fat, salt, and sugar should be banned from school lunch programs. This includes some items you might not suspect (怀疑), like fruit punch, which is loaded with sugar, and macaroni and cheese, which is sky-high in fat and salt. “Children are already having too much junk food,” says Jen Keller, a dietitian at the Physician’s Committee for Responsible Medicine. “It’s important to offer them only healthy items in school.”
It’s not that health experts want to take foods kids like best from them. They just want to help kids avoid many of the health problems that come with eating large quantities of unhealthy food. Today, 15 percent of children ages 6 to 11 are obese, or seriously overweight. That’s up from just 6. 5 percent in the late 1970s. Poor diet and obesity can cause diseases like type-2 diabetes (糖尿病), which can lead to blindness and kidney problems. As of a few years ago, this disease didn’t happen so often to children that it was called “adult onset diabetes.” “Many foods that are offered in cafeterias (自助食堂) are linked to these problems,” Keller says.
Most schools do offer some healthful foods, but experts say that doesn’t solve the problem. “Given a choice, most kids are going to choose junk over something healthy,” says Pat Thorton, a psychologist who studies obesity in children.
Thorton and other experts agree that schools and parents need to educate kids about making good food choices, both in and out of school. For example, few kids understand that many popular candies, chips, and sodas come in containers (容器) that actually have two or even three servings. And kids need to become skeptical about food advertisements they see on TV and in magazines. “Just because Beyonce sells Pepsi doesn’t mean it’s a good product for your body,” Thorton says.
Of course some kids already seem to know all of this. “The junk food is tempting (引诱),” says 10-year-old Tim. “But my parents tell me that if I eat healthy now, I’ll have strong bones when I get older. “
1. The underlined words “be banned from” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”.| A．not be allowed in | B．be changed into |
| C．be served in | D．not be |
2. According to the passage, who should be responsible for kids’ good food choices?
| A．Schools and experts. | B．Parents and cooks. |
| C．Doctors and parents. | D．Schools and parents. |
| A．To discuss students’ favorite meal. |
| B．To educate you about eating healthy. |
| C．To teach you about the life in school. |
| D．To introduce some diseases aused by unhealthy food. |
10 . Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of food people need. They say that there are some kinds of food that people should eat every day. They are: ①green and yellow vegetables of all kinds; ②citrus (柑桔) fruits and tomatoes; ③potatoes and other fruits and vegetables; ④meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; ⑤milk and foods made from milk; ⑥bread or cereal (谷物), rice is also in this kind of food; ⑦butter, or something like butter.
People in different places of the world eat different kinds of things. Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways. People in different countries eat at different times of the day. In some places people eat once or twice a day; in other countries people eat three or four times. Scientists say that none of the differences is really important. It doesn’t matter whether foods are eaten raw or cooked. It doesn’t matter if a person eats dinner at 4 o’clock in the afternoon or at 11 o’clock at night. The important thing is what you eat every day.
There are two problems, then, in feeding the large number of people on earth. The first is to find some ways to feed the world’s population (人口) so that no one is hungry. The second is to make sure that people everywhere have the right kinds of food to make them grow to be strong and healthy.
1. From the first paragraph (段落) we know noodles are a kind of ________ food.| A．vegetable | B．fruit | C．meat | D．cereal |
| A．have the right kinds of food to eat | B．cook their food in the same way |
| C．have their meals at the same time | D．eat food in different ways |
| A．People in some places don’t have enough to eat. |
| B．There are too many people in the world. |
| C．One of the problems is that no one is hungry. |
| D．The scientists are trying to make people grow to be strong and healthy. |
