1 . Should I worry about skipping breakfast (不吃早饭)?
Is breakfast the most important meal of the day? It probably depends on what you’re doing for the rest of it. Before the industrial revolution (工业革命), most people had leftovers or nothing for breakfast. Edward Bernays created a marketing project in the 1920s that made eggs and bacon a common breakfast choice. But in today’s world, fewer people work physically challenging jobs, so is it still necessary to begin the day with a protein-rich (富含蛋白质的) meal or a bowl of porridge? Does it matter if you don’t and might there actually be health benefits to breaking your fast later in the day?
First, let’s hear from the breakfast supporters. Some studies suggest that breakfast-skippers have a risk of heart disease and high blood sugar, across a range of populations around the world. At the same time, other studies show breakfast-skippers are more likely to choose poorer foods throughout the day which makes sense, as skipping breakfast seems to keep levels of the hunger hormone ghrelin (饥饿激素) high, while the satiety hormone leptin (饱腹感激素瘦素) stays suppressed.
Breakfast eaters often have healthier habits, but not always.What if some people really care about their health but choose to skip breakfast? Well, actually...
“Skipping breakfast can be described as a kind of ‘time-restricted feeding (限时进食)’, as you reduce the ‘window’ when you can eat, ” says the nutritionist (营养学家) Drew Price. “If I was working with someone who wanted a breakfast-skipping-type plan, then I would be paying more attention than ever to what they are eating to make sure they get enough protein, healthy fats and other beneficial nutrients. However, skipping breakfast isn’t suitable for everyone, especially those people with disordered eating, certain health conditions, and those who are young or elderly, for whom balanced energy intake is important.”
What should you do then? Just eat in the way that lets you make the most healthy choices, most long-lastingly. If that means a couple of fried eggs and some vegetables at 7 a.m., great, but if all you need to make it to 11 a.m. is a strong cup of coffee, don’t worry about it too much. Oh, and if a bowl of porridge can help guide you away from your basic needs, then go for it—we can all use a bit of help in the morning, after all.
1. According to the passage, which health risk is connected with skipping breakfast?| A．Cancer. | B．Stomachache. | C．Cold. | D．Heart disease. |
| A．controlled | B．organized | C．balanced | D．recorded |
| A．the best breakfast habit depends on yourself |
| B．disordered eating is a good idea for children |
| C．balanced energy intake is the key to a healthy life |
| D．skipping breakfast brings people more food choices |
| A．To introduce the history and development of breakfast. |
| B．To provide breakfast meal suggestions for improving health. |
| C．To highlight how the marketing influences breakfast choices. |
| D．To discuss whether you need to worry about breakfast skipping or not. |
2 . Mr. Clark is a reporter from a TV station. He wants to know whether (是否) the students have healthy habits or not. Here are some of the students’ answers.
Mary White: Yeah! I think my habits are very healthy. Every day I get up early and go to bed early. Every morning I eat breakfast and eat well. I eat fruit and vegetables every day. And every day I play soccer for two hours with my friends.
Jimmy Brown: Well, I get up late so I have no time to eat breakfast. For lunch, I usually eat lots of hamburgers. I know they are not good for me but I like them. I never play sports. In the evening, after I finish my homework, I usually play computer games. I go to bed late, at about eleven o’clock.
Grace Miller: Okay. My habits are very good. I never eat unhealthy food. Ice-cream tastes good but I never eat it. It’s unhealthy. Every day I get up at six o’clock and go to bed at eight thirty. I eat well and play sports every day. I run with my father for half an hour in the morning. So, I am very healthy.
1. Mary ________ with her friends every day.
| A．plays soccer | B．lunch | C．goes to school | D．does her homework |
| A．Mr. Clark. | B．Mary White. | C．Jimmy Brown. | D．Grace Miller. |
| A．Because it’s not healthy. |
| B．Because she doesn’t like it. |
| C．Because it doesn’t taste good. |
| D．Because her parents don’t let her eat it. |
3 . The keys to keeping a healthy weight (体重) are regular (规律的) exercise and good eating habits. It may sound difficult to try to work them into our lives, but in fact, the best way is by making small changes. Here’s the information you need to make healthy habits easy.
Teens (青少年) should get 60 minutes or more of physical activity a day. Notice the word “activity”: as long as you’re getting your body moving, any kind of exercise will do. What’s important is that each week you get the right balance (平衡) of activity, including aerobic, strength building, and stretching exercises. Make exercise a habit by doing some of them every day.
On days when you don’t have football practice or a PE lesson, 60 minutes a day of activity seems like a lot of time for busy students. The good news is that it’s OK to take shorter “exercise breaks” during the day. So get up 15 minutes early and do some stretching. Fast walk for 15 minutes at lunch. Walk or bike home after school.
Eating well doesn’t mean dieting (节食) over and over again. In fact, studies have shown that dieting often doesn’t work—and diets may have the reverse effect, with dieters putting on more weight than before they started.
One reason diets don’t work is because they can make people think of foods as “good” or “bad”, but the truth is, everything is OK in moderation (适量地). Dieters are also more likely to “give up” some foods; we may end up longing for these foods while our bodies don’t get enough (足够的) important nutrients (营养). Teens should eat all kinds of food, and there’s nothing wrong with a treat occasionally. A candy bar somehow tastes more special if we treat ourselves from time to time, not every day.
Try to come up with ways to fit exercise and healthy eating into your life in a way that works for you. We’re all different. Your best friend might like gym time better, while you enjoy walks with your dog in the park. Knowing what’s right for you will make staying at a healthy weight a lot easier!
1. We can work healthy exercise and eating habits into our lives by ________.| A．not giving up easily | B．making small changes | C．learning from our friends |
| A．Teens should go on a diet to get to a healthy weight. |
| B．The key to healthy eating is to give up foods with sugar. |
| C．Teens can get enough physical activity by taking “exercise breaks”. |
| A．sometimes | B．never | C．always |
| A．To tell why teens should play more sports. |
| B．To ask teens to go on diets from time to time. |
| C．To introduce how to make healthy habits easy. |
4 . For years, people always think it is a good way to lose weight by eating less. This seems easy, but it turns out that it’s harder than it sounds. However, Emma Brown, a nutritionist（营养学家）says that you can make it by eating 120g of steak, one biscuit and just half a scone（英式茶饼）. Here she explains how much of each food group you should eat each day.
 | A portion（一份）of red meat (120g) has 162 calories（卡路里）. Although small amounts of protein regularly throughout the day are good for you, try not to have red meat too often. |
 | A portion of fish (125g) contains 271 calories. A healthy diet should include at least two portions of fish a week, including one of oily fish. |
 | A portion of potatoes (235g) should have 172 calories. Emma also advises eating the skin for extra nutrients. |
 | There are 27 calories in a portion of carrots (80g) and you can eat five portions a day. |
 | A portion of blue berries (80g) has 28 calories but Emma warns overeating fruit or vegetables can lead to weight gain. |
| A．A portion of carrots. | B．A portion of fish. |
| C．A portion of blue berries. | D．A portion of potatoes. |
| A．189 calories | B．190 calories | C．162 calories | D．433 calories |
| A．a portion of fish | B．a portion of red meat |
| C．five portions of carrots | D．too many fruits and vegetables |
5 . Is Losing Weight an Important Health Goal?
Advertisements, pop culture and even doctors can talk about health and weight as if they are one and the same: smaller bodies are healthier, and larger bodies must be unhealthy. But neither health nor bodies are that simple, and health can differ from person to person.
“A higher body mass index (BMI) has to do with health conditions like diabetes (糖尿病)”, said Philipp Scherer, a professor at the University of Texas. “However, it’s not that clear when researchers look at a single person.” People in smaller bodies can develop heart disease or diabetes, and plenty of people in larger bodies are considered completely metabolically (新陈代谢地) healthy. “It’s just a result of our genetic heterogeneity (遗传异质性) and how we do with calories (卡路里) more than needed,” he added.
Dr. Asher Larmie, a doctor in the UK noted, “BMI is just one of many factors causing changes in a person’s well-being. Medical care, environment, society and biology make up most of the factors that decide our health. We can’t take one look at a person's body and get a sense of their health. Can we see somebody’s medical records? Are we talking to their doctors? And often health is honestly sometimes out of our control (控制). There are so many illnesses that people just develop. ”
Then, how can we really keep healthy? Health is decided by many factors. Not falling ill is one, but so are staying mentally (精神地) healthy, keeping active social networks, getting enough sleep and lowering stress. Taking in fewer calories or cutting out certain foods may be bad for your health if it hurts your mental health or keeps you from enjoying time with friends and family.
“Weight loss doesn’t mean that you’ll necessarily get healthy. Sometimes how you lose weight could also be detrimental to your health. You may become unhealthy because of dieting,” said Charles Spence, a professor from the University of Oxford. “We should improve our health by moving more, sleeping better, stressing less and eating the foods your body is telling you that you need,” Larmie added.
1. What can we learn about health according to Dr. Asher Larmie?| A．Health is greatly under our control. |
| B．We can tell if people are healthy from their BMI. |
| C．Medical care is the most important for people’s health. |
| D．Many factors have to do with people’s health conditions. |
| A．mental health is less important than physical health |
| B．our lifestyle plays a very important role in our health |
| C．losing weight is a common way to help us keep healthy |
| D．sleeping better and stressing less can help us lose weight |
| A．improve | B．harm | C．serve | D．describe |
| A．To show us some useful ways to lose weight. |
| B．To tell us the importance of keeping healthy. |
| C．To make us clear on the relation between health and weight. |
| D．To call on us to keep a smaller body size through exercising. |
6 . Can you live without meals? Do you like eating breakfast? Someone ever said, “Eat well at breakfast; eat enough at lunch; eat less at supper. “Breakfast is the most important one.
Recently a test was given to people of different ages, from 12 to 80 in the United States. During the experiment (实验), these people were given all kinds of breakfast. And sometimes they got no breakfast at all. If they didn’t have breakfast, they would feel hungry, no energy or power. They could not work well. Their bodies work well when they eat a certain kind of breakfast. The results (结果) show that if people eat breakfast, he will work better.
So eating breakfast is good for our health. When you eat breakfast, food is the most important. It can give us enough energy so that we can work all day. A healthy breakfast could be bread, eggs, milk and fruit. If we eat breakfast before going to school, we will learn more quickly, and listen with more attention to class.
Get up earlier so that you would have enough time for your breakfast. Healthy breakfast can make you smile easily and make your life colorful.
1. How will the people feel if they don’t have breakfast according to (根据) the experiment?| A．They can work well. |
| B．They will feel hungry, no energy or power. |
| C．They will feel excited. |
| D．They will feel bored. |
| A．Bread and eggs. |
| B．Bread and fruit. |
| C．Milk and eggs |
| D．Hamburger and cola. |
| A．We will sleep well. |
| B．We will learn more quickly. |
| C．We will learn more slowly. |
| D．We will listen with more attention to class. |
| A．how to do an experiment |
| B．how to eat breakfast |
| C．what to eat for breakfast |
| D．why breakfast is important |
7 . Breakfast is the most important meal of the day, but many people don’t have it. Common reasons for not eating breakfast include not having enough time, not feeling hungry, dislike for breakfast, and dieting (节食).
Breakfast simply means “break the fast”. You eat nothing for at least 6 to 12 hours each night. Even though you have been sleeping, you have still been burning energy (能量). And in the morning your body needs energy for the day’s work ahead.
A good breakfast should give you up to 1/3 of your total calories (卡路里) that your body needs for the day. Generally speaking, we eat 400 less calories for breakfast than for dinner. If breakfast doesn’t interest you in the morning, try eating a lighter dinner earlier in the evening or save half your dinner for breakfast in the morning.
If you still aren’t hungry in the morning, start with something small like juice or bread or have healthy mid-morning snack later when you are hungry.
So, you say you’re on a diet. Some people are afraid that eating breakfast will make them hungrier during the day and they will eat more. It is true that eating breakfast is possible to make you feel hungry through the day. That’s because your body is working correctly. Although you may feel as if you are eating more all day long, in fact you’re probably not.
Not eating breakfast can make you overeat, because a fall in blood sugar often makes you feel hungry later. To make things worse, since your body is working slowly, it will not be able to burn those extra calories well. If you feed your body healthy snacks and meals throughout the day, you may not become hungry so easily and eat too much when you have meals.
Since breakfast is the first and most important meal of the day, your choice is important. The best breakfast foods are fruits, juice, lean meat, and grain products such as bread, rice, noodles and cereals.
1. The word “fast” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.| A．the speed of burning energy | B．the meal with low calories |
| C．the time without eating | D．the time of exercising |
| A．Breakfast gives us most of the energy for the day. |
| B．Eating breakfast helps our body work well. |
| C．Eating breakfast may help to save dinner. |
| D．Breakfast might make people overeat. |
| A．Breakfast and Dieting | B．What to Eat for Breakfast? |
| C．Breakfast and Energy | D．Why Not Eat Breakfast? |
8 . Do you love holidays but hate the increasing (越来越多) weight? You are not alone.
Holidays are happy days with pleasure (快乐) and delicious foods. Many people, however, are worried about the weight that comes along with these delicious foods.
With proper (合理的) planning, though, it is possible to control (控制) your weight. The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You don’t have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy. The following suggestions may be of some help to you.
Do not miss meals. Before you leave home for a feast (宴会), have a small, low-fat snack. This may help you from getting too excited before delicious foods. Begin with clear soup and fruit or vegetables. A large glass of water before you eat may help you feel full. Use a small plate (盘子) because a large plate will encourage (刺激) you to have more than enough.
Better not have high-fat foods. Dishes that look oily (含油的) or creamy (含奶油的) have much fat in them.
Choose lean meat (瘦肉). Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables.
If you have a sweet tooth, try mints (薄荷) and fruits. They don’t have fat content (所含物) as cream and chocolate.
Don’t let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20-minute walk after a meal can help burn off (燃烧) more calories (卡路里——热量单位).
1. Holidays are happy days with pleasure but they may ________.| A．bring weight problems | B．bring you much trouble in your life |
| C．make you hate delicious foods | D．make you worried about your foods |
| A．not accept invitations (接受邀请) to dinner parties |
| B．not eat the food in high fat |
| C．drink much water and have vegetables only |
| D．turn away from delicious foods |
| A．Take a Break on Holidays | B．No More Delicious Foods |
| C．Eat in a Clever Way | D．Burn off Your Calories |
9 . Grace doesn’t feel well today. She goes to the doctor. She tells the doctor that she thinks there is something wrong with her stomach(胃).
The doctor examines her carefully, then she says, “ Well, do you eat regularly(有规律地) every day?”
“Sure! I have good eating habits!”
“Then what do you usually eat for your three meals every day?”
“I usually have an apple and a piece of bread for breakfast. For lunch I usually have hamburgers, meat and orange juice. I know dinner is very important, so I have a big dinner every day! I always have fish, vegetables, eggs, sausages, cheese, chicken, rice and cakes. Sometimes I eat ice-creams and puddings(布丁). You know, I like my dinner.”
The doctor smiles and says, “I’m afraid you are not right. Dinner is important, but you shouldn’t eat too much. You must eat less in the evening. And your breakfast is really not good enough. In fact, breakfast is the most important meal! We need it most! We don’t eat anything when we are sleeping. But we need to start a day’s work, so please have a nice breakfast!”
“What should I eat then?”
“First, you can drink some milk every morning. Then you may have different choices(选择) every day. You may choose eggs, bread, sandwiches, noodles, vegetables and fruit. I think you’ll get better soon.”
1. Grace usually has ________ for breakfast.| A．fish, vegetables and eggs | B．an apple and a piece of bread |
| C．hamburgers, meat and orange juice | D．chicken, rice and cakes |
| A．breakfast | B．lunch | C．dinner | D．tea break |
| A．Grace has a stomachache because she doesn’t have breakfast. |
| B．The doctor examines Grace carefully. |
| C．The doctor tells Grace to have a nice breakfast. |
| D．Grace eats too much for her dinner. |
It’s hard to say no to hamburgers, French fries and all of the other junk food. However, eating too much junk food can harm your body, especially if you’re between the ages of 10 and 19. “Junk food shapes teenage brains in ways that harm their ability to think, learn and remember. It can also make it harder to control impulsive (冲动的 ) behaviors,” said Amy Reichelt, at Western University, Canada. “It may even raise a teen’s risk of mental (精神上的) problems.”
Reichelt and two other researchers reviewed more than 100 studies, about how poor food choices can affect teenage brains. They found teenagers are more sensitive (敏感的) than any other age group to foods with a lot of fat and sugar as their brains are not yet fully formed.
Teenage brains are still developing the ability to notice risks and control actions. The prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) is the part of the brain that tells us we shouldn’t eat chips all the time and helps us control ourselves. However, this part doesn’t fully develop until we are in our early 20s.
Meanwhile, teen brains get more excited from rewards (奖励). The parts of the brain that make us feel good when we do something enjoyable — like eating tasty foods — are fully developed by the teen years.
In fact, these parts are even more sensitive when we are young. That’s because dopamine (多巴胺 ), a natural chemical that makes us feel happy when we experience something good, is especially active in teenage brains.
Therefore, the teen brain has two attacks against it when it comes to saying no to junk food. “It has an increased drive for rewards and reduced self-control,” said Reichelt.
Reichelt and her team did their own study using mice, whose brains develop much like our own. They discovered that “teenage” mice that had high-fat foods performed worse on memory tests than those eating normal foods. Researchers said the high-fat foods may make the mice’s prefrontal cortex work less effectively.
So, what’s the best way to say no to junk food? The answer is exercise. When we exercise, the brain becomes less sensitive to food, besides this, it also helps our brains grow and become better able to make wise decisions and control our behaviors.
1. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?| A．What problems are caused by junk food. |
| B．What junk food teenagers like most. |
| C．How junk food harms teenage brains. |
| D．How junk food shapes teenage brains. |
| A．Teenagers are less sensitive than any other age group to junk food. |
| B．Junk food may make people’s prefrontal cortex work less effectively. |
| C．Dopamine helps our brains become better able to make wise decisions. |
| D．The prefrontal cortex makes us happy when we do something enjoyable. |
| A．Teenage Brains | B．Healthy Food for Teenagers |
| C．Food for Thought | D．Exercise: the Best for Brains |
