1 . A vegetarian diet is often praised for its health benefits（益处）. Vegetarians usually have lower levels of heart disease, and studies have also shown that they have a lower risk of diabetes（糖尿病）than people who eat meat. However, most people don’t realize that a vegetarian diet produces less pollution to the earth.
Researchers from the Union of Concerned Scientists in the US recently studied how people affect the environment. The study showed that eating meat is one of the main ways that humans can change the environment, second only to the use of motor vehicle.
Then, how can eating meat have a bad effect on the environment? For a start, all farm animals such as cows, pigs, and sheep give off methane gas（沼气）by breathing. One cow can produce up to 60 liters of methane each day. Methane gas is the second most common greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）. Many environmental experts now believe that it is more responsible for global warming than carbon dioxide. It is estimated（估计）that 25% of all methane released（释放）into the air comes from farm animals.
Another way that meat production affects the environment is through the use of water and land. 2,500 gallons of water are needed to produce one pound of beef while only 20 gallons of water are needed to produce one pound of wheat. One acre of farmland used for crop（农作物）production can produce 40,000 pounds of potatoes, 30,000 pounds of carrots, or 50,000 pounds of tomatoes, however, one acre of farmland used for raising cows can produce just 250 pounds of beef.
Many people now see the benefits of a vegetarian diet, not just for health reasons, but also because it plays an important role in protecting the environment. However, some nutritionists advise against switching to a totally strict vegetarian, or vegan diet. They believe a vegan diet, which excludes（拒绝）all products from animal sources, such as cheese, eggs, and milk, can be short of many necessary vitamins and minerals our bodies need.
Today, many people know that it is important to take better care of their bodies, and to use the earth’s resources more efficiently. As this understanding spreads, more people may realize that to help the environment and for the human race to survive, more of us will need to become vegetarian.
1. The underlined word “vegetarian” in the first paragraph most probably means ________.| A．a person who eats healthy food |
| B．a person who eats meat and vegetables |
| C．a person who only eats meat, fish and seafood |
| D．a person who only eats vegetables, grains（谷物）, and fruit |
| A．a vegetarian diet | B．animal source | C．necessary vitamin | D．health reason |
| A．our diet is destroying the surroundings |
| B．raising farm animals affects the environment |
| C．a vegetarian diet helps to protect the environment |
| D．more and more people are becoming strict vegetarians |
2 . Colourful fruit and vegetables are good for your health. Their natural colours help protect your body from disease. Think about these colours and food: the red of tomatoes, the orange of carrots, the green of kiwi fruit (猕猴桃), and the purple of grapes.
You can enjoy eating fruit and vegetables of all colours: green, yellow, orange, red, blue, purple and white. Each colour has something unique (独一无二的) and important for good health. They work together to protect your body.
Scientists have surprisingly discovered the benefits of colourful fruit and vegetables. The list below shows the benefits of some colours in fruit and vegetables.
● Red gives you a healthy heart. It can reduce the risk of heart disease. Red helps prevent cancer. It helps improve your memory too.
● Yellow and orange give you a healthy immune system (免疫系统). They are also good for your eyes. They help prevent blindness in the old.
● White can keep cholesterol (胆固醇) at a lower level.
● Green helps prevent cancer. It is good for your eyes. It also gives you strong bones and teeth.
● Blue and purple help protect your memory as you grow old. They also help fight cancer and heart disease.
So when you buy or eat fruit and vegetables, remember: the more colours, the better!
1. Eating fruit and vegetables of different colours will make you ________.| A．healthy | B．unhealthy | C．get weight | D．lose weight |
| A．益处 | B．危害 | C．营养 | D．后果 |
| A．Red, yellow and orange. | B．White, green and blue. |
| C．Yellow, orange and green. | D．Blue, red and white. |
3 . Is it possible to have a diet（日常饮食）that’s both healthy and friendly to our planet? Here are answers to your eco-friendly food questions.
Does what I eat influence climate（气候）change?
Yes. The world’s food system is responsible for（为……负责）about one quarter of the planet—warming greenhouse gases that humans produce each year. That includes raising and harvesting all the plants, animals, and animal products we eat, as well as processing, packaging, and shipping food to markets all over the world.
Which foods have the largest influence?
In general, beef and lamb have the biggest climate footprint per gram of protein while plant—based foods like beans, rice, corn and wheat have the smallest influence. Pork, chicken, eggs are somewhere in the middle.
Is there a simple food choice I can make?
Studies have shown that people who eat a meat—heavy diet can reduce their food—related footprint by one third or more by moving to a vegan diet — no meat, dairy（乳制品）, or eggs. If you don’t want to go that far, just eat less meat.
Can I really make a difference to our planet?
We need more food to feed the world’s growing population. One person alone can make only a tiny difference. If many people make changes to their diets, that will start to add up. It will make a greater difference if the world’s heaviest meat eaters make some changes to their diets.
1. According to the passage, which foods have the smallest influence on our planet?| A．Beef and lamb. | B．Rice and corn. | C．Chicken and pork. | D．Beans and beef. |
| A．One person alone makes no difference to our planet. |
| B．Shipping food a lover the world has no influence on climate change. |
| C．All the planet—warming greenhouse gases come from the food system. |
| D．Meat eaters can reduce their food—related footprint by eating less meat. |
| A．How to produce more meat | B．How to make more plant—based foods |
| C．How to eat better for the planet | D．How to ask eco—friendly food questions |
Picture the scene: It’s midnight. You’re very hungry after studying for a long time. Then you see a nice pie in the fridge. Should you eat it? It seems that you shouldn’t for many reasons, including its influence on your brains.
Scientists have long known that eating late at night can make us gain weight. But now a new study has shown that late - night eating can also have a bad influence on our brains — it might hurt our ability to learn new things and store memories.
“We believe that late - night eating may affect our learning by affecting the parts of the brain that control learning and memory,” Dawn Loh. PhD, a project scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, said. “We believe the timing of when we eat is the main cause of the damaged memory.”
For the study, the researchers did an experiment on mice. The mice were either allowed to eat during the daytime or during the night. They received the same amount of sleep and calories. Then the researchers tested the brains of the mice and noticed that the mice eating during the night were less able to remember things well.
So think twice before the midnight snack — it might be bad for more than your weight.
1. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.| A．studying for long | B．a nice pie in the fridge |
| C．a new study on eating | D．late-night eating |
| A．to test whether eating late can affect memory |
| B．to check the brains of different mice |
| C．to find out how many calories mice need daily |
| D．to prove mice are not good at remembering things |
| A．Eating snacks affects memory | B．Late eating hurts brain |
| C．Staying up late is bad | D．Keep away from snacks |
5 . Fat people are always looking for ways to be slim without giving up their favourite food or taking a lot of exercise. Here is some good news for them. This is not a diet. It’s a simple way to become slim. And you don’t even have to give up the food you love or do a lot of exercise. You just follow some habits that thin people have. Keep them, and you’ll become thin.
(1) Wake-up
When you wake up in the morning, sit up slowly without using your hands. With legs straight out, bend(弯曲) forward until you feel sore(酸) in your back. It will burn about 10 calories(卡路里).
(2) Start with soup
When you have a meal, order a clear soup, and have it before having the main food. In this way, you’ll feel fuller, so you’ll eat less when the main food comes.
(3) An apple (or more) a day
Apples are full of fiber(纤维) and water, so your stomach(胃) will want less. The study shows that people who eat at least three apples a day lose weight.
(4) Stand up and walk around
Every time you use the mobile phone, stand up and walk around. Most of the heavy people sit two and a half hours more each day than thin people. This skill is very important as standing up and walking around will burn 50 or more calories.
Use these skills, and you will become slimmer and slimmer.
1. What should we have first if we want to eat less main food?| A．Ice cream. | B．Soup. | C．Salad. | D．Cheese. |
| A．Because apples are full of fiber and water. |
| B．Because apples are sweet. |
| C．Because apples are delicious. |
| D．Because only apples are filled with calories. |
| A．To tell people how to be slim. |
| B．To ask people to eat apples every day. |
| C．To tell people how to enjoy a better life. |
| D．To ask people to give up bad habits(习惯). |
| A．Shopping. | B．Teaching. | C．Family. | D．Health. |
6 . ①Teens are gaining(增加) weight. Today most teenagers are at least one size larger than teens were 20 years ago. Even clothing sizes have changed. Did you know that a small today used to be a medium 20 years ago?
②A recent research shows 97% of teens need more exercise. It’s bad news because too little exercise means you are missing a lot of good things in life. Exercise helps in two ways.
③First, exercise helps your body. Physical activity can make your body strong. It can also keep you at a healthy weight. Doctors say that people who stay at a healthy weight have fewer health problems.
④Second, exercise can help your mind. People who get plenty of physical activity might worry less and sleep better at night. You may even learn better in school. Students who are healthy can listen and understand better in class.
⑤You can change your life and be more active at any point. It’s never too late. An article called How to Limit Screen Time and Get Moving gives these ideas:
Step away from the screen. Doctors call watching TV or playing video games screen time. You should have no more than two hours of screen time a day. You will enjoy life more if you live it instead of watching it!
Start slowly. An hour a day can seem like a long time. Start with 10 minutes of new activities every day. Add more as you get stronger. Think about walking. Take the stairs instead of the lift. You will feel healthier.
Make fitness fun. Find a sport you like. It doesn’t need to be the traditional sports of basketball, soccer, or baseball. Those are all great sports and if you like them, play them. However, you can also try hiking, skateboarding, or even rope jumping. If you enjoy the sport, you will do it.
Choose food carefully. Help your family shop for healthy food. Read the labels(标签). Look for healthy foods. Eat lots of fruits and vegetables. Stop buying soft drinks and junk foods. You will feel better if you eat right.
Exercise with others. Find a friend or family member to exercise or play with you. You will have more fun and it helps keep you responsible for going.
1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?| A．Teens are gaining weight. | B．Teens are one size larger. |
| C．Teens’ clothing sizes changes. | D．A small used to be a medium. |
| A．You should have no more than two hours of screen time a day. |
| B．You will have more fun and it helps keep you responsible for going. |
| C．A recent research shows 97 % of teens need more exercise. |
| D．However, you can also try hiking, skateboarding, or even rope jumping. |
A． | B． | C． | D． |
Children in Great Britain will no longer be able to buy energy drinks. The UK government has made plans to ban (禁止) the sale of energy drinks to children. It is now asking for public suggestions about what age the ban should start at (16 or 18), the BBC has reported.
An energy drink is a type of drink that has stimulants (兴奋剂) like caffeine (咖啡因). Red Bull is one of the most famous energy drinks. The makers of these drinks say that they can give you energy when you feel tired.
However, these drinks have very high levels of sugar and caffeine. Energy drinks have 65 percent more sugar than soft drinks. That may explain why obesity (肥胖症) rates have risen among children.
Too much caffeine can lead to health problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness. A 250 ml can of Red Bull has about 80 mg of caffeine, three times the level of a can of Coca-Cola, the Guardian noted.
In the UK, more than two-thirds of 10 to 17-year-olds buy energy drinks, according to the government data. “Childhood obesity is one of the greatest health challenges this country is facing. It is necessary that we do all we can to make sure children have the best start in life,” UK Prime Minister Theresa May said in a speech.
The ban would apply to (应用于) drinks with more than 150 mg of caffeine per liter (升). Under the ban, shops in England that sell energy drinks to children may face fines (罚款) of up to £2, 500 (22, 374 yuan).
1. ________ has reported Great Britain wants to ban the sale of energy drinks to children.| A．The Guardian | B．The BBC | C．UK Prime Minister | D．The government data |
| A．these drinks have very high levels of sugar |
| B．there are too much caffeine in these drinks |
| C．when children feel tired they eat too many stimulants |
| D．children drink too much soft drink |
| A．80 | B．240 | C．320 | D．250 |
| A．Shops will pay the fines of £2, 500 (22, 374 yuan). |
| B．Caffeine can lead to headaches and sleeplessness. |
| C．They can’t give people energy when they feel tired. |
| D．To make sure children have the best start in life. |
| A．In the textbook. | B．In the novel. | C．In the newspaper. | D．In the film. |
8 . 
The school convenience store is a place where many students enjoy a snack and a chat. However, it may become a thing of the past.
China’s educational and health authorities have banned(禁止) convenience stores in all kindergartens, primary, middle and high schools across the country. The rule has taken effect since April 1. It requires that administrators (管理人员) should keep record of each meal and solve any food problems as soon as possible. Parents can also eat with students at school canteens and give suggestions to the school on food safety, it said.
The rule raised heated debates. Many students were sad about the ban. “Without convenience stores, our school life will be less interesting,” a student named Fang, from a senior high school in Hangzhou, told Qianjiang Evening News. “We won't be able to have different flavored drinks or desserts.” However, many parents expressed support for the rule. The father of a junior school student in Beijing, told the Global Times that “cheap, low-quality snacks sold at these stores are harmful to children's health.” “Students now rush to shops to buy snacks as soon as a class is over, which affects the normal teaching order,” he said.
The move comes among food health concerns at public schools and is designed to meet the nutritional needs of students, The Beijing News reported. The rule also requires schools to monitor students who may be obese(肥胖的), and to make sure they follow a healthy diet.
And in fact many foreign countries have their own ways to make students eat healthily. For example, many parents in Australia volunteer in schools, sometimes in canteens, according to China National Radio. These parents, at least, do their best to see that their children are served nutritious food. In Japan, there is “food and nutrition education”. Primary and middle school students eat lunch in their classrooms, where they learn about diet and nutrition, and Japan's food culture, reported City Lab, an internet magazine hosted by The Atlantic. They also take turns serving meals to each other, cleaning up, and recycling.
1. The school convenience store is ________.| A．a place for students to get snacks | B．a time for students to have a break |
| C．a time for students to talk | D．a place for students to get together |
| A．All students like the ban. |
| B．Some cheap and unhealthy snacks are sold in school convenience stores. |
| C．School convenience stores don’t affect normal teaching order. |
| D．Teachers don't support the rule. |
A． | B． | C． | D． |
9 . There are all kinds of food. Some are good for health. Some are unhealthy, like hamburgers and ice-cream. The passage talks about some food that can help us keep healthy.
 | Oranges and orange juice. They give us enough vitamin（维生素）C. Starting a day with a small glass of orange juice in the morning is good for our health. |
 | Green vegetables. They help us stay away from cancer（癌症）. They also give us different vitamins. |
 | Yogurt（酸奶）. It is made from milk. It is good for us and can make our body strong. So next time you want to drink a cup of coffee, get yourself a cup of yogurt. |
 | Green tea. It helps us to be thin. We should try to drink more. However, try not to drink it before you go to bed. |
1. According to the passage, we should drink orange juice ________.
| A．at breakfast time | B．before bedtime | C．at lunchtime | D．after dinner |
| A．take in enough vitamin C | B．have a strong body |
| C．live a happy life | D．stay away from cancer |
| A．Cooking Eating | B．Food Health | C．Food Sports | D．Sports Diet |
10 . Do you know that you can eat a rainbow (彩虹) ? You can't eat a rainbow in the sky, of course. You can make a healthy rainbow out of all the different colors of fruits and vegetables.
A red apple can help you keep your heart(心脏) strong. Eat an apple for a healthy snack. Red berries can help you from getting sick. Eat a handful of them instead of(代替) candy.
An orange carrot can help keep your eyes healthy. This vegetable is just fun to eat between your teeth. An orange has vitamins that can help keep you from catching a cold. Eat an orange or drink some orange juice with breakfast in the morning.
A yellow banana can give you lots of energy. Eat this fruit before you play. Yellow corn(玉米) can help keep your stomach(胃) healthy. Eat this vegetable at a picnic.
Green beans are rich in vitamin B group, vitamin C and vitamin K. Beans and peas are very good vegetables. They make you strong.
Blue berries can help you remember things. Eat this fruit every day to help you do well in school.
1. We can learn from paragraph (段落) 2 that ________ .| A．a red apple isn't a good snack | B．red apples are better than red berries |
| C．red berries are better than red apples | D．a red apple is good for health |
| A．oranges and green beans | B．oranges and blue berries |
| C．bananas and green beans | D．bananas and apples |
| A．white fruits and vegetables | B．black fruits and vegetables |
| C．pink fruits and vegetables | D．purple fruits and vegetables |
| A．Rainbow in the sky | B．Eat a rainbow |
| C．Fruits of different colours | D．Vegetables of different colours |
