1 . Have you ever been in mid-conversation with someone, when you look over and find them standing in the same position as you or holding the same facial expression? It may seem like they have consciously copied you, but it is much more likely that it is the chameleon (变色龙) effect at play.
The chameleon effect is the unconscious imitation of another person’s gestures or behavior. Just as a chameleon attempts to match any environment’s colors, people acquire the behavior of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth.
The chameleon effect was confirmed in an experiment by psychologists John Bargh and Tanya Chartrand in 1999. The part of their experiment included 78 people, who each spoke with an experimenter. During the test, Bargh and Chartrand studied whether participants would copy the actions of someone they hadn’t met before, like moving the foot and touching the face. The second part measured the impact that copying someone has on the person being imitated.
In the first stage, participants increased their face touching by 20% and their foot movement by 50% while in conversation about a photograph with the experimenter. The individuals weren’t aware of what they were being studied for, and the photograph was used to catch their attention to insure unconscious acts. The second stage involved half of the participants being copied, and then rating the likability of the experimenter. The results, showed that those who were imitated scored the experimenter higher. It has shown that when someone copies our behavior, we develop more positive feelings about them. These interactions could be a person unconsciously willing to be liked, and forming a moment of connection.
The main reasons behind humans’ imitation are positive. However, when people carry this chameleon effect to the extreme, they can lose their sense of self. Those who change their entire personalities in different groups often go undetected. But more common signs of the chameleon effect are easier to notice. Next time you are in a social gathering, take a look around and you might just see some chameleons for yourself.
1. Why do people imitate others’ behavior?| A．To show admiration for others. | B．To adapt to the surroundings. |
| C．To establish a connection with others. | D．To attract others’ attention. |
| A．By directing their attention to a photo. | B．By keeping an eye on their actions. |
| C．By telling them the purpose of the study. | D．By evaluating the impacts of imitation. |
| A．People tend to like those who imitate their behavior. |
| B．Too much of the chameleon effect can be beneficial. |
| C．People imitating others are not easy to be detected. |
| D．The copied movements help people to feel relaxed. |
| A．Students adopt teachers’ accents for fun after class. |
| B．People change their habits to please others on purpose. |
| C．A comedian copies a celebrity vividly on stage. |
| D．A husband and his wife share similar behaviors over time. |
2 . Kindness and kids just seem to go hand in hand. But 62% of more than 2, 600 participants in the NBC News State of Kindness Poll believe that today’s kids are less kind than those in the past. Women (66%) feel about this kindness fall more strongly than men (58%). Most of the participants who feel that way (77%) thank parents caused the seeming lack of kindness among today’s children, with a few thinking that society, schools, or friends caused it.
At the same time, Americans say they don’t put kindness first when it comes to teaching kids values. Among all participants, honesty is taught more than kindness as well as other things like courage, leadership and storing work ethic (道德). But the younger generation—those aged 18～24—think highly of kindness rules. They choose kindness by 10% over honesty as the most important quality to teach kids.
The question of whether kindness is learned or taught—or somewhere in between—causes different opinions. According to the study, Americans have different opinions on whether kindness in something one is born with or needs to be learned and nurtured over time. Slightly more than half (52%) of the participants believe that all of us are born with the ability to show kindness, while 48% believe kindness must be developed.
Parenthood (父母身份) makes a difference to your thoughts on the causes of kindness. Those without kids (56%) are more likely to think that people are born to be kind, while 50% of the participants with kids think kindness is developed.
Also, 51% of dads and 54% of men with no kids believe kindness is something time is born with. Slightly more than half of the moms say kindness must be learned, while 48% believe it is what one is born with.
1. What do participants aged 18～24 consider the most important for kids?| A．Honesty. | B．Leadership. | C．Kindness. | D．Courage. |
| A．kept | B．developed | C．replaced | D．protected |
| A．48% | B．51% | C．52% | D．54% |
| A．Causes of today’s kids being less kind. |
| B．The important qualities of today’s kids. |
| C．Different people’s opinion’s on kindness. |
| D．Findings of research on today’s kids’ kindness. |
Introduce Yourself
It’s not necessary to be clever when you introduce yourself. Simply focus on being genuine and sincere. When you approach the other person to start the conversation, give him a warm smile and clearly state your name.
Begin the Conversation
Continue the Conversation
If you are building a rapport(关系), feel free to move on to a bit more personal topics to continue the conversation.
When you have run out of things to say or need to move on to do something else, prepare your exit strategy. You may say that you need to use the bathroom or catch up with someone else. Let the other person know how much you enjoyed talking to her.
| A．End the Conversation. |
| B．Bring up a general topic to begin the conversation. |
| C．This will help keep the conversation flowing freely. |
| D．If appropriate, make plans to talk again at a later date. |
| E．Your conversational partner will feel valued and appreciated. |
| F．Explain who you are and why you want to have the conversation. |
| G．You may want to ask about his favourite hobby, his career, his classes or upcoming events. |
4 . Internal communication, also known as IC, refers to a group of processes responsible for effective circulation of message within an organization. These messages are information that is valuable to the organization and are supposed to be kept confidential(机密的). The means of transferring this information is often done through emails, letters, notice boards, and even with the help of social media like Skype, Zoom, and Google Meet, in the current times.
Honest internal communication is the healthiest way to keep your organization growing. With honesty around the workplace, it is a safer environment for the employees to voice their opinions which could help in the modification of a certain operation that might have been outdated. Other than changes, not opening up to your colleagues can result in frustration and give rise to “gossip culture” at the workplace. When information is not passed out with lucidity, not only does the quality of work get affected but it also gives rise to questioning the worth of the time spent in the company.
An atmosphere of honesty also encourages growth in responsibility, leadership, and self-accountability. If the CEO of a company voices the shortcomings of his team in a respectful manner, it would bring room for each and every employee to take it on a positive note and bring around the change for the one common goal of development of the company that they are working for. This brings a lot of change in the attitude of every individual employee since they start seeing the company that they are working for as an asset that they cherish (珍爱) dearly.
In a workplace, things go both wrong and right, so it is important to both appreciate and criticize when such situations occur from the end of both the leadership and the employees. The positives should be celebrated while the negatives should be taken as positive criticisms that could help the company grow into something better. The main goal of unity and development should always be kept in mind.
1. Which is considered one main character of IC?| A．It comes with the times of social media. | B．It exists within the leadership of a company. |
| C．It is often kept secret within an organization. | D．It needs a long and difficult process in most cases. |
| A．Clearness. | B．Appreciation. | C．Authority. | D．Assistance. |
| A．The main responsibilities of the CEO. | B．The importance of unity for a company. |
| C．The advantage of a powerful leadership. | D．The role of an honest leadership in a company. |
| A．Communicating both the positives and the negatives. |
| B．Taking responsibilities bravely for our mistakes. |
| C．Trying all possible means to avoid the negatives. |
| D．Strengthening unity mainly among the employees. |
5 . How to Deal with Rudeness
When you encounter rude people, do your best to maintain your dignity. That might make them madder, but only you have control over your own behavior and the way you deal with them. And whatever you do, never let the other person’s bad behavior drive you crazy.
Show empathy(同理心) and sympathy
This requires understanding why the person is being rude. For example, if someone yells at someone else in public (even you), you might mention that you totally understand how he’s feeling. If it’s a momentary improper behavior, he’ll probably apologize. Accept it and move on. If he gets angrier, let it go.
Call the person out on his behavior
If someone is always rude to you, ask him if he realizes what he says or does shows a lack of respect for others. He might not realize he’s being rude.
Sometimes it’s best to just walk away. If the person is still saying impolite things or acting out, his lack of an audience will calm him down. If the rudeness is more of a habit, he might realize it’s time to make a change if everyone is walking around him.
Offer extra kindness
| A．Avoid the rude person |
| B．Change his rude behavior |
| C．Here are some ways you can try to deal with them |
| D．If he cares, he’ll apologize and try to be more polite |
| E．Remember, you are only human and it is OK to get mad |
| F．There’s nothing you can do to stop him or make him behave |
| G．This might be difficult if the rudeness is more than you can bear |
6 . It’s often recommended to befriend the enemy, but high school freshman Xavier Staubs did more than that. He saved his life.
At a swim meet, the 15-year-old boy rescued a
His
At lunchtime, Xavier learned the congressman was coming to meet him. Moolenaar wanted to
“We heard the story about what he had done. The more I learned about it, the more I thought we really wanted to praise what he did,” the Congressman told CNN.
“Usually, you heard bad outcomes and
She arrived at the meet five minutes after the rescue happened. Something in her mind told her that her son was somehow
Staubs said she tries to raise her children like what her grandmother did. And Xavier performing such a
Xavier is not only a great swimmer but also a dancer, band member and a straight-A student. And now, a hero.
1.| A．classmate | B．competitor | C．volunteer | D．stranger |
| A．took off | B．put off | C．moved off | D．started off |
| A．performing | B．competing | C．drowning | D．training |
| A．doubt | B．admission | C．preparation | D．hesitation |
| A．Unluckily | B．Fortunately | C．Sadly | D．Honestly |
| A．inspiring | B．moving | C．heroic | D．modest |
| A．observed | B．respected | C．encouraged | D．recognized |
| A．present | B．react | C．deserve | D．judge |
| A．amusing | B．upset | C．pleasant | D．surprising |
| A．example | B．incident | C．relief | D．event |
| A．as for | B．as though | C．even though | D．now that |
| A．Therefore | B．Otherwise | C．Besides | D．However |
| A．pleased | B．surprised | C．delighted | D．puzzled |
| A．involved | B．threatened | C．influenced | D．endangered |
| A．determined | B．generous | C．selfless | D．devoted |
7 . You probably think of aggression in its most violent form i.e. shouting matches and fights. Actually, there are varying levels of aggression. There are times when you start to display aggression, but you are not aware of it yourself.
●They believe their opinion is fact
For effective communication to take place it is important to be able to distinguish between opinion and fact.
●It's all about how it affects them
When something goes wrong, or when considering potential consequences, aggressive people only consider how it influences them. The impact on others is irrelevant to them.
●Rapid speech
●Aggressive talking; defensive listening
This refers to the body language that they adopt when they are being aggressive.
Being familiar with these signs will help you to recognize the aggression quickly, and you will then be able to manage the situation more appropriately.
| A．When talking they will likely lean forward. |
| B．The following are some common signs of aggression. |
| C．Aggressive people speak fast with little or no pauses. |
| D．These people are not giving you the opportunity to decline. |
| E．Offering a suggestion or thoughts on something that has happened is fine. |
| F．Aggressive people rarely attempt to find workable solutions to problems in life. |
| G．If something has negative consequences for them, everybody else is expected to suffer the consequences too. |
1.表示歉意；
2.解释具体原因，并希望他能谅解；
3.告诉他下次练习的时间、地点及话题。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
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9 . Christopher Garrett was an engineer with the U.S. Army’s 10th Mountain Division. While serving in Afghanistan, Christopher was shot and
Christopher was
Christopher’s
It was
Though the Garretts have no
Christopher still has a long
| A．caught | B．wounded | C．trapped | D．killed |
| A．recovered | B．refused | C．retired | D．removed |
| A．fortunate | B．disappointed | C．happy | D．unwilling |
| A．though | B．therefore | C．meanwhile | D．instead |
| A．story | B．direction | C．result | D．meaning |
| A．disability | B．strength | C．fear | D．appearance |
| A．steadily | B．quickly | C．naturally | D．easily |
| A．forced | B．determined | C．astonished | D．persuade |
| A．continued | B．preferred | C．promised | D．intended |
| A．hunger | B．sorrow | C．pain | D．anger |
| A．embarrassing | B．unusual | C．annoying | D．difficult |
| A．suffering | B．imagining | C．overcoming | D．performing |
| A．source | B．outcome | C．purpose | D．power |
| A．special | B．ordinary | C．strange | D．new |
| A．takes | B．saves | C．occupies | D．leaves |
| A．honesty | B．service | C．kindness | D．attention |
| A．doubt | B．question | C．idea | D．way |
| A．searching | B．complaining | C．struggling | D．crying |
| A．note | B．gift | C．reward | D．solution |
| A．life | B．experience | C．wait | D．road |
10 . Last week, I went shopping for the items I needed
It was the
