名校
1 . “氯碱工业”电解饱和食盐水为基础制取氯气等产品,氯气是实验室和工业上的常用气体。请回答:
(1)下列说法不正确的是___________。
(2)在一定温度下,氯气溶于水的过程及其平衡常数为:
;
,其中p为
的平衡压强,
为Cl2在水溶液中的平衡浓度。
①
的焓变![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6fbb5d519f981a09188dc18a765e8c43.png)
___________ 0。(填“>”、“=”或“<”)
②平衡常数K2的表达式为K2=___________ 。氯气在水中的溶解度(以物质的量浓度表示)为c,则c=___________ 。(用平衡压强p和上述平衡常数表示,忽略HClO的电离)
(3)工业上常采用“加碳氯化”的方法以高钛渣(主成分
)为原料生产
,相应化学方程式为:
Ⅰ.
,![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5680122f5591b9925516056ef4f375f.png)
Ⅱ.
,![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4635061a2e299779eaac45cd32b72e08.png)
结合数据说明氯化过程中加碳的理由___________ 。
(4)在一定温度下,以
为催化剂,氯苯和
在
中发生平行反应,分别生成邻二氯苯和对二氯苯,两产物浓度之比与反应时间无关。反应物起始浓度均为0.5mol/L,反应30min测得氯苯15%转化为邻二氯苯,25%转化为对二氯苯。保持其他条件不变,若要提高产物中邻二氯苯的比例,可采用的最佳措施是___________ 。
(1)下列说法不正确的是___________。
A.可采用碱石灰干燥氯气 |
B.可通过排饱和食盐水法收集氯气 |
C.常温下,可通过加压使氯气液化而储存于钢瓶中 |
D.工业上,常用氢气和氯气反应生成的氯化氢溶于水制取盐酸 |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/808ad7d38d2f7e26c7dcc1df2cb689a4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/71bf1b4cd2446bff0efc443e0f672b8b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/86bab3589f87f69440c36d9dc83c0e8a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dde368c6ccef4dd2865f7e6163f45cce.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/36afcd353a68b24298ce34455d694dac.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/adcc4f0feac4dee9f7e3cedcf3ebcd61.png)
①
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/808ad7d38d2f7e26c7dcc1df2cb689a4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6fbb5d519f981a09188dc18a765e8c43.png)
②平衡常数K2的表达式为K2=
(3)工业上常采用“加碳氯化”的方法以高钛渣(主成分
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b81fcccb8b1700a22d49b6f9bc997854.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5be61dd60262860d12f52c21dacd0088.png)
Ⅰ.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/63748119ced4b45d860f16d8e2980402.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/56a27b72bb333a46f22ac01563c084c7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5680122f5591b9925516056ef4f375f.png)
Ⅱ.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9013a0e03f4870f05d08863e1a65db74.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/40377b337867eadc03dd4271454bd6e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4635061a2e299779eaac45cd32b72e08.png)
结合数据说明氯化过程中加碳的理由
(4)在一定温度下,以
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7c1e6f69e28b8e3f0dbf9b70773a0f86.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/39db0d5f5533066dab682ec1bf4c39bf.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/156c149626c539a50fc42c9074830737.png)
您最近一年使用:0次
名校
2 . 二甲醚(CH3OCH3)被称为“21世纪的清洁燃料”。以CO2、H2为原料制备二甲醚涉及的主要反应如下:
Ⅰ.![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac4b3e0c18bbda89732a34c93c8ff5f6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/10cdf53e6df0d3663d0a01ac4f85b67c.png)
Ⅱ.![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/efdd674bf8185bb461b06a038958de91.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b2897196d3eaa2b618aab3e2bca9ff13.png)
回答下列问题:
(1)反应
的
=___________ 。
(2)在压强、
和
的起始投料一定的条件下,发生反应Ⅰ、Ⅱ,实验测得
平衡转化率和平衡时
的选择性随温度的变化如图所示。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/10/5/54b5674a-b088-4ce9-bd09-52b8a061e8d5.png?resizew=360)
已知:
的选择性=
×100%,其中表示平衡时
的选择性的是曲线___________ (填“①”或“②”);温度高于300℃时,曲线②随温度升高而升高的原因是___________ ;为同时提高
的平衡转化率和平衡时
的选择性,应选择的反应条件为___________ (填标号)。
a.低温、低压b.高温、高压
c.高温、低压d.低温、高压
(3)也可以利用甲醇脱水制备二甲醚:
。已知:
,其中Kp为以分压表示的平衡常数,T为热力学温度。
①为提高
的平衡产率,可以采取的措施有___________ (任写一条)。
②473K时,在密闭容器中加入一定量
,采用合适的催化剂进行反应,达到平衡时体系中
的物质的量分数为___________ (填标号)。
a.
b.
c.
d.![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3cfa1e7ffae662aefb49a44c52d4954d.png)
(4)对于反应![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/efdd674bf8185bb461b06a038958de91.png)
,反应速率v=v正-v逆=k正p(CO2)·p(H2)-k逆p(CO)·p(H2O),其中k正、k逆分别为正、逆反应速率常数,p为气体的分压(分压=总压×物质的量分数)。
①降低温度,k正:k逆___________ (填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”);
②在T K、101kPa下,按照
投料,
转化率为50%时,v正:v逆=4:5,用气体分压表示的平衡常数Kp=___________ 。
Ⅰ.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac4b3e0c18bbda89732a34c93c8ff5f6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/10cdf53e6df0d3663d0a01ac4f85b67c.png)
Ⅱ.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/efdd674bf8185bb461b06a038958de91.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b2897196d3eaa2b618aab3e2bca9ff13.png)
回答下列问题:
(1)反应
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7feedb2f8915d40bdb289eab49e28e6b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d2922ae637886073827dff8c97681427.png)
(2)在压强、
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e71c86dcd9a9e9b09bbbb65b9d313435.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/750859dd7d5b821d909e6a32c11095cf.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e71c86dcd9a9e9b09bbbb65b9d313435.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/585a44d50e0401584604811db5b8f943.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/10/5/54b5674a-b088-4ce9-bd09-52b8a061e8d5.png?resizew=360)
已知:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/585a44d50e0401584604811db5b8f943.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ed9838f04fb6d8126e0521cef165e712.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/585a44d50e0401584604811db5b8f943.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e71c86dcd9a9e9b09bbbb65b9d313435.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/585a44d50e0401584604811db5b8f943.png)
a.低温、低压b.高温、高压
c.高温、低压d.低温、高压
(3)也可以利用甲醇脱水制备二甲醚:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2bdda302af0df79a418465f3d4567149.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6244bf25528fc3e82a26fd6b96217d7a.png)
①为提高
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/585a44d50e0401584604811db5b8f943.png)
②473K时,在密闭容器中加入一定量
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eb0b78840e6c6cb1c2d615c05aaadabc.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/428e830f1e61151839777140a7afe77c.png)
a.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c6514b627f167b699a4c758600119971.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3f1dd362f843e640ce551ad1787c9873.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c21cd1803e22544876108b215d1727b2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3cfa1e7ffae662aefb49a44c52d4954d.png)
(4)对于反应
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/efdd674bf8185bb461b06a038958de91.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d0aafb3a0be09e0c921d00b62b284128.png)
①降低温度,k正:k逆
②在T K、101kPa下,按照
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b2565c278206d41dd20cac087336c55f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e71c86dcd9a9e9b09bbbb65b9d313435.png)
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2021-11-13更新
|
507次组卷
|
2卷引用:湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期中检测化学试题
3 . I. 丁烯是一种重要的化工原料,可由丁烷催化脱氢制备。回答下列问题:正丁烷(C4H10)脱氢制
1-丁烯(C4H8)的热化学方程式如下:
①C4H10(g)=C4H8(g)+H2(g) ΔH1
已知:②C4H10(g)+
O2(g)=C4H8(g)+H2O(g) ΔH2=-119 kJ·mol-1
③H2(g)+
O2(g)=H2O(g) ΔH3=-242 kJ·mol-1
(1)反应①的ΔH1为________ kJ·mol-1。
(2)如图是反应①平衡转化率与反应温度及压强的关系图,x_____ (填“大于”或“小于”)0.1;
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/20/2833302402646016/2833446850027520/STEM/3b19672cd15e48a1accc7f04a17848a3.png?resizew=189)
(3)欲使丁烯的平衡产率提高,应采取的措施是___(填标号)。
II.向一容积不变的密闭容器中充入一定量A和B,发生如下反应:xA(g)+2B(s)
yC(g);△H<0。在一定条件下,容器中A、C的物质的量浓度随时间变化的曲线如下图。请回答下列问题:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/20/2833302402646016/2833446850027520/STEM/8d87095d285e476690bd6173be4e7bde.png?resizew=232)
(4)用A的浓度变化表示该反应0~10min内的平均反应速率v(A)=_______ ;
(5)根据图示可确定x:y=______________ ;
(6)0~l0min容器内压强______________ (填“变大”,“不变”或“变小”)
(7)推测第l0min引起曲线变化的反应条件可能是___________ (填序号);第16 min引起曲线变化的反应条件可能是______________ (填序号);
①减压;②增大A的浓度;③增大C的量;④升温;⑤降温;⑥加催化剂
1-丁烯(C4H8)的热化学方程式如下:
①C4H10(g)=C4H8(g)+H2(g) ΔH1
已知:②C4H10(g)+
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f89eef3148f2d4d09379767b4af69132.png)
③H2(g)+
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f89eef3148f2d4d09379767b4af69132.png)
(1)反应①的ΔH1为
(2)如图是反应①平衡转化率与反应温度及压强的关系图,x
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/20/2833302402646016/2833446850027520/STEM/3b19672cd15e48a1accc7f04a17848a3.png?resizew=189)
(3)欲使丁烯的平衡产率提高,应采取的措施是___(填标号)。
A.升高温度 | B.降低温度 | C.增大压强 | D.降低压强 |
II.向一容积不变的密闭容器中充入一定量A和B,发生如下反应:xA(g)+2B(s)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de4ac184aef047428370bf877105fa50.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/20/2833302402646016/2833446850027520/STEM/8d87095d285e476690bd6173be4e7bde.png?resizew=232)
(4)用A的浓度变化表示该反应0~10min内的平均反应速率v(A)=
(5)根据图示可确定x:y=
(6)0~l0min容器内压强
(7)推测第l0min引起曲线变化的反应条件可能是
①减压;②增大A的浓度;③增大C的量;④升温;⑤降温;⑥加催化剂
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解题方法
4 . 雾霾严重影响人们的生活,汽车尾气的排放是造成雾霾天气的重要原因之一、已知汽车尾气排放时容易发生以下反应:
①
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/958f4a2a3c9c75dc298b5edbd9eaec2d.png)
②
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/836e9e629094ca940d1d7e7919f8a580.png)
③
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6704e1120ed0650728a3275896ee938b.png)
请回答下列问题:
(1)![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5e23a9b66ebf308760bae8f3445057c0.png)
___________
(用含a、b的代数式表示)。
(2)能说明反应③已达平衡状态的标志是___________(填字母)。
(3)在一定温度下,向体积为![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/478abdd84506a8ef759e353a238db6c9.png)
的恒容密闭容器中充入一定量的
和
,发生反应③。在
时刻达到平衡,此时
,
,
,则
的平衡转化率为___________ (用含x、y的代数式表示);再向容器中充入
和
,则此时![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/06b1f8a21f0c38579467d6c2ae3532ce.png)
___________
(填“
”、“
”或“
”)。
(4)烟气中也含有氮氧化物,
可用于烟气脱硝。为研究温度、催化剂中
负载量对
去除率的影响,控制其它条件一定,实验结果如图所示。为达到最高的
去除率,应选择的反应温度约为___________ ,
负载量为___________ 。
①
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eb7e79fd5e27a9499a3000a3b592c2e5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/958f4a2a3c9c75dc298b5edbd9eaec2d.png)
②
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9609af19c159dcc9cde79fb1a4fe0927.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/836e9e629094ca940d1d7e7919f8a580.png)
③
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e1f15ccfbd18a2eec0aef618e98ad620.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6704e1120ed0650728a3275896ee938b.png)
请回答下列问题:
(1)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5e23a9b66ebf308760bae8f3445057c0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4b2a6bc4b5ef80a57a78c144749392c.png)
(2)能说明反应③已达平衡状态的标志是___________(填字母)。
A.单位时间内生成![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
B.在恒温恒容的容器中,混合气体的密度保持不变 |
C.在绝热恒容的容器中,反应的平衡常数不再变化 |
D.在恒温恒压的容器中,![]() |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/478abdd84506a8ef759e353a238db6c9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ee10b15238789eff8bcc496fa524cb34.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9110e80d125190c4b5bed606e1fc2220.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/605e6a448a66b9500facd3752628cd0e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9540ad5cd7b7c55080046cfe305191ae.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c8bb34681af5c20d48d1eb944588a758.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fada3af26b20c790f188996b2b393fcd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9110e80d125190c4b5bed606e1fc2220.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5faf81cd7f4cfb1199e88d29d902e440.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/049119994e248db6ede912546f96c59f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9110e80d125190c4b5bed606e1fc2220.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/06b1f8a21f0c38579467d6c2ae3532ce.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/efefa207d140ddf68960e342692b49f7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/392cdb9d30684cce244bef94b8d861b9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4ff7942da6c3fc4005256fb1458557c0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6706fe00b4e231e62d9ecbec567d526b.png)
(4)烟气中也含有氮氧化物,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/49662a5a87cc16ff17ce89f2e1dc276b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ab52c58d108a8e68c57129f2bb03dd01.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9110e80d125190c4b5bed606e1fc2220.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9110e80d125190c4b5bed606e1fc2220.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ab52c58d108a8e68c57129f2bb03dd01.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/18/2831946045734912/2833191110254592/STEM/48da09b1-ca98-4040-94d0-bba7ad591dcc.png?resizew=468)
您最近一年使用:0次
5 . 甲醚又称二甲醚,被誉为“21世纪的清洁燃料”。由合成气(
、
)制备二甲醚的反应原理如下:
①
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/56dd861d3788ecce01a313de32dcdd82.png)
②
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7e3396e9e066adc1d6e03779938058a9.png)
回答下列问题:
(1)若由合成气(
、
)制备![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/26edabbe2c43af4e74203ad34c4eff2d.png)
,且生成
,整个过程中放出的热量为
,则![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2edf3ec4c25802a60151619a6cf99822.png)
______
。【已知:
】
(2)有人模拟该制备原理,
时,在
的密闭容器中充入
和
,
达到平衡,平衡时
的转化率为60%,
,用
表示反应①的速率是______
,可逆反应②的平衡常数![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/67f1885a5d0b243cb5fd9d0ab0e785d6.png)
______ 。若在
时,测得容器中
,此时反应②的![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/685e108703684e5b18673f530e2da670.png)
______
(填“
”“
”或“
”)。
(3)在体积一定的密闭容器中发生反应②,如果该反应的平衡常数
值变小,下列说法正确的是___________。
(4)一定条件下在恒温恒容的密闭容器中,按不同投料比充入
和
进行反应①,平衡时
和
的转化率如图所示,则![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/be91077cd533ffa7f589f97635f57752.png)
___________ (填数值)。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/18/2831946045734912/2833191110213632/STEM/3660692c-152b-4c45-ad1c-b7c8d357f246.jpg?resizew=221)
(5)甲醇液相脱水法制二甲醚的原理是:
,
,与合成气制备二甲醚比较,该工艺的优点是反应温度低,转化率高,其缺点是___________ 。
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
①
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce513820ccc866695948e9d97fa29aaa.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/56dd861d3788ecce01a313de32dcdd82.png)
②
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cb0d3c1faa5d100a62070f6d4ecd6bfa.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7e3396e9e066adc1d6e03779938058a9.png)
回答下列问题:
(1)若由合成气(
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/26edabbe2c43af4e74203ad34c4eff2d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fe06fe2dacac431249f6154e41690f44.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d289ca569dd3002e48ed1e27989a072c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cb6b25c89ca968bf8456e145e6bdab4b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2edf3ec4c25802a60151619a6cf99822.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4b2a6bc4b5ef80a57a78c144749392c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7380cd77db30f1dc4a5f0b0e8eeffa4c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eb402613dbd7c88265a6deb79de3df6c.png)
(2)有人模拟该制备原理,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d14fbb62256f18550988f21442d31806.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c424e9f778fdc2a13a59898ab0ccbbe3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2e0e1a928167fedd7f9cbc804eade8cb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/779bd758cc24b24758e41227bfd651b6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c38eb02bd17fb4f4b8126389aeca0ea9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f314032e2d642144462625a96aad6337.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/36e533d654a153e681b831fa9ccefb53.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/67f1885a5d0b243cb5fd9d0ab0e785d6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d14fbb62256f18550988f21442d31806.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fb33adb4aaa1f7fc5e6d5a3cbc60bfb2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/685e108703684e5b18673f530e2da670.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c89d8823650c59b7c0fa0b459a2a8eef.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/392cdb9d30684cce244bef94b8d861b9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4ff7942da6c3fc4005256fb1458557c0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6706fe00b4e231e62d9ecbec567d526b.png)
(3)在体积一定的密闭容器中发生反应②,如果该反应的平衡常数
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dde368c6ccef4dd2865f7e6163f45cce.png)
A.在平衡移动过程中逆反应速率先增大后减小 |
B.容器中![]() |
C.容器中混合气体的平均相对分子质量减小 |
D.达到新平衡后体系的压强增大 |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ba8d41defa28f4f06acefb19b1286146.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/85973e3cffda90b16b2ac900d7f914fd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ba8d41defa28f4f06acefb19b1286146.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/85973e3cffda90b16b2ac900d7f914fd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/be91077cd533ffa7f589f97635f57752.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/18/2831946045734912/2833191110213632/STEM/3660692c-152b-4c45-ad1c-b7c8d357f246.jpg?resizew=221)
(5)甲醇液相脱水法制二甲醚的原理是:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bdef31801c3894843177c884470ddf7c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5088da1b94851d05d768f9525fffcdf0.png)
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解题方法
6 . 氢能是理想的清洁能源,资源丰富。以太阳能为热源分解
,经由热化学铁氧化合物循环分解水制
的过程如下:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/18/2831946045734912/2833191110139904/STEM/ed876b3c-c0cc-4537-a47e-b0d90b1330b6.png?resizew=223)
(1)过程Ⅰ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/30984e86e60b59e1031ef18480546bb8.png)
①过程Ⅰ需要将
不断分离出去,目的是______ 。
②平衡常数K随温度变化的关系是______ 。
③一定温度下,在容积可变的密闭容器中,该反应已达平衡,下列说法不正确的是______ 。
A.升高温度,容器内气体密度变大
B.容器内气体密度和相对分子质量都不再改变
C.向容器中通入
,
转化率不变
D.缩小容器的容积,
的浓度变大
④在压强
下,
的平衡转化率随温度变化的曲线如图1所示。若将压强由
增大到
,在图1中画出
的
~
曲线示意图______ 。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/18/2831946045734912/2833191110139904/STEM/f76553b4-3869-4d5b-bac2-a27a481f68de.png?resizew=476)
(2)已知
的燃烧热是
,则液态水通过过程Ⅱ转化的热化学方程式为___________ 。
(3)其他条件不变时,过程Ⅱ在不同温度下,
的转化率随时间的变化
~
曲线如图2所示。温度
、
、
由大到小的关系是______ 。
(4)科研人员研制出透氧膜(
),它允许电子、
同时透过,可实现水连续分解制
。工作时,
、
分别在透氧膜的两侧反应。工作原理示意图如下:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/18/2831946045734912/2833191110139904/STEM/74b81a44-692f-4480-a375-690652a20a89.png?resizew=403)
在___________ 侧反应(填“
”或“
”),另一侧的电极反应式是___________ 。
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4f9e6889970bfece16636410c1017d4c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/18/2831946045734912/2833191110139904/STEM/ed876b3c-c0cc-4537-a47e-b0d90b1330b6.png?resizew=223)
(1)过程Ⅰ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c36e01892c4db1a7840fa1c5bd2be8fd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/30984e86e60b59e1031ef18480546bb8.png)
①过程Ⅰ需要将
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1e762a80c1216318892c2155bef79681.png)
②平衡常数K随温度变化的关系是
③一定温度下,在容积可变的密闭容器中,该反应已达平衡,下列说法不正确的是
A.升高温度,容器内气体密度变大
B.容器内气体密度和相对分子质量都不再改变
C.向容器中通入
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f5547e0098754a8e3f31bae5d5bcb4dd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f8ee03f651a70dac0aa64bf1323f74cd.png)
D.缩小容器的容积,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b4476a716ff4e27a89269f456eb0c33b.png)
④在压强
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/702479d629f919183641d90944d7bd0e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4f9e6889970bfece16636410c1017d4c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/702479d629f919183641d90944d7bd0e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b134979720dce8399d670998451f1c88.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b134979720dce8399d670998451f1c88.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e9b60516e8018e7748ae552ae23ebdc3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/591c5b712dc14517e369be2345526fc7.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/18/2831946045734912/2833191110139904/STEM/f76553b4-3869-4d5b-bac2-a27a481f68de.png?resizew=476)
(2)已知
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6fe45eab2df673ef4790dbf59491cd79.png)
(3)其他条件不变时,过程Ⅱ在不同温度下,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6e9b0547b553bc0c6d94299341006c14.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6101cc2e40c43c39676d194ed6a143b4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9e46bff1ba235329ed6ae1321e33f3b5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/baa24a8004d0095ac9d9382113732970.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/85242e455a682eb4aa47abd6fb6af8fc.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f9b32741cd93e0e1054cebe946095be.png)
(4)科研人员研制出透氧膜(
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/07f3d504a0d9e0c91be67f87e3b69131.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dba67aa38857c9bcdb03161595252d74.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6e9b0547b553bc0c6d94299341006c14.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/18/2831946045734912/2833191110139904/STEM/74b81a44-692f-4480-a375-690652a20a89.png?resizew=403)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fc2a39beea5adf5d07aea0424ca7a64f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/581c04af30b490da1a50555f9c89125c.png)
您最近一年使用:0次
7 . 电催化合成氨方法被认为是人工固氮最有前途的方法之一,具有反应条件温和、利用可再生能源驱动、直接以水为氢源等优点,近年来引起科研工作者广泛的研究兴趣。
(1)已知H2的标准摩尔燃烧热为a kJ/mol,NH3的标准摩尔燃烧热为b kJ/mol,请计算反应N2(g)+3H2(g)
2NH3(g)的△H=___________ 。
(2)向一恒定温度的密闭容器中充入平均相对分子质量为15的N2和H2的混合气体,保持30 MPa条件下反应:
①下列哪些选项可以判断反应已达到平衡:___________ 。
A.3v(H2)正=2v(NH3)逆 B.N2的体积分数不再变化
C.N2和H2的浓度比为定值 D.混合气体的密度不再变化
②上述混合气体中氢气的转化率如图1所示,图中曲线Ⅰ为氢气的平衡转化率与温度的关系,曲线Ⅱ表示不同温度下经过相同反应时间后的氢气转化率,请说明随着温度的升高,曲线Ⅱ向曲线Ⅰ逼近,于M点重合,其原因是___________ 。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/7/25/e4adaa32-4db5-491a-9c78-1bf6653578ac.png?resizew=261)
③上述条件下,在不同催化剂作用下,相同时间内H2的转化率随温度的变化如图2所示,催化剂效果最佳的是催化剂___________ (填“Ⅰ”“Ⅱ”“Ⅲ”)。b点v正___________ v逆(填“>”“<”或“=”)。图2中测得a点混合气体平均相对分子质量为18.75,a点对应温度下反应的平衡常数Kp=___________ 。(保留两位有效数字,Kp为以分压表示的平衡常数,分压=总压×物质的量分数)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/7/25/04358b68-8bd1-4c54-b3b4-1b70c7dd43b7.png?resizew=399)
(3)东南大学王金兰课题组提出合成氨的“表面氢化机理”如图,在较低的电压下实现氮气的还原合成氨。已知:第一步:
(快)(吸附在催化剂表面的物种用*表示)
第二步:
中间体(吸附在催化剂表面)(慢)
第三步:___________(快)
第三步的方程式为___________ ,上述三步中的决速步为第二步,原因是___________ 。该法在合成氨的过程中能量的转化形式是___________ ,较传统工业合成氨法,具有能耗小、环境友好的优点。
(1)已知H2的标准摩尔燃烧热为a kJ/mol,NH3的标准摩尔燃烧热为b kJ/mol,请计算反应N2(g)+3H2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e98feedde5546db26eb490641ba3a817.png)
(2)向一恒定温度的密闭容器中充入平均相对分子质量为15的N2和H2的混合气体,保持30 MPa条件下反应:
①下列哪些选项可以判断反应已达到平衡:
A.3v(H2)正=2v(NH3)逆 B.N2的体积分数不再变化
C.N2和H2的浓度比为定值 D.混合气体的密度不再变化
②上述混合气体中氢气的转化率如图1所示,图中曲线Ⅰ为氢气的平衡转化率与温度的关系,曲线Ⅱ表示不同温度下经过相同反应时间后的氢气转化率,请说明随着温度的升高,曲线Ⅱ向曲线Ⅰ逼近,于M点重合,其原因是
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/7/25/e4adaa32-4db5-491a-9c78-1bf6653578ac.png?resizew=261)
③上述条件下,在不同催化剂作用下,相同时间内H2的转化率随温度的变化如图2所示,催化剂效果最佳的是催化剂
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/7/25/04358b68-8bd1-4c54-b3b4-1b70c7dd43b7.png?resizew=399)
(3)东南大学王金兰课题组提出合成氨的“表面氢化机理”如图,在较低的电压下实现氮气的还原合成氨。已知:第一步:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b8206adec2720c74a8b904665edead5c.png)
第二步:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9c53c84d7b53b09ee8ea43e408ebae84.png)
第三步:___________(快)
第三步的方程式为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/7/24/b60c6a71-5064-405d-b531-c696e50bebc0.png?resizew=400)
您最近一年使用:0次
名校
解题方法
8 . 为了去除合成氨原料气中的
以降低能耗及减轻设备的酸蚀,工业上常采用醇胺溶液进行吸收。N一甲基二乙醇胺(用
表示)水溶液具有吸收能力强、对设备腐蚀小、可再生等特点被广泛应用。
吸收
的反应可以表示为:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/14a750b7c5269f03752e465dc98ed7d1.png)
该反应分以下两步进行:
①
(慢反应)
②
(快反应)
(1)![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/39be8a04c5fd60840eb6292a6458b907.png)
____
,该反应在____ (填“高温”“低温”或“任意温度”)条件下自发进行。
(2)
的结构简式为
,以氮原子为中心的
模型是_____ 。
(3)能够正确表示
吸收
反应能量变化的是______(填标号)。
(4)其它条件不变时,加入![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e062c531954cb385b4f757a2fc588150.png)
____ (填“能”或“不能”)增大单位时间内
的吸收率。
(5)已知
中的氮具有一元碱(类似于
)的性质,
,已知
的
,
,则
溶液中![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/663aeb5227f102312fb282330df2829b.png)
____
(填“
”“
”或“
”)。
(6)标准平衡常数
可以表示平衡时各物质的浓度关系:如反应
的
,其中
,
为标准大气压,
、
分别为气体的分压,c为物质的量浓度。在T℃时的刚性密闭容器中,用
的
溶液吸收总压为
的合成氨原料气(含体积分数分别为
的
、
的
、
的
),充分吸收后,
浓度降低为
,二氧化碳的吸收率为60%,忽略反应过程中溶液的体积变化,则反应的标准平衡常数![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c0d81b67fa32b683fee355491a1967dc.png)
_______ 。
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e062c531954cb385b4f757a2fc588150.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e062c531954cb385b4f757a2fc588150.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/840671f0bbf76d04de2ade3a6b3b9045.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/14a750b7c5269f03752e465dc98ed7d1.png)
该反应分以下两步进行:
①
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eb04cda917de4b324e5346987fc1296c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/736c6760adce18f7b075a0506f77e6f4.png)
②
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1a025252a82f3a428c61538dde567b18.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/29675984a8354caf66b85d35f8820d8c.png)
(1)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/39be8a04c5fd60840eb6292a6458b907.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/361f59abc7521c880d24d7eb47015b61.png)
(2)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e062c531954cb385b4f757a2fc588150.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/357f851d1f757b06a5342feabd12df7c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7d142e311ea4cfa6a78e0e86be432d2f.png)
(3)能够正确表示
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e062c531954cb385b4f757a2fc588150.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
A.![]() | B.![]() | C.![]() | D.![]() |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e062c531954cb385b4f757a2fc588150.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
(5)已知
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e062c531954cb385b4f757a2fc588150.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dbe2066525aa0616cf44d051d57bf713.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2244bcdafa5872bdd8635da68a300767.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/065e3dd567b4b629e3e6ad65193aa352.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9e4db8b2b40d126879359c97e39702aa.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/801588a2fbd6efbb12f8f37d3fdf75df.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6a9d3b74fab199e2e1c50768ff110550.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/663aeb5227f102312fb282330df2829b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4b5da23044ab54d84c255e3066b935b5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/392cdb9d30684cce244bef94b8d861b9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6706fe00b4e231e62d9ecbec567d526b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4ff7942da6c3fc4005256fb1458557c0.png)
(6)标准平衡常数
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1fdae7e8ee1707bb977ae57e179f7f5c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/84a5ade1fb0f0ddc4d1449f30002aaf3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e7d33f202bbcf1a30b287cbd427a16cc.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1d39ce1a3257d3e68f1e682a8d4d9c85.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4872f28991021bbeb580f57b2bc8bb3b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/57f87605bb2d6808ca77b5a1cd844790.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b437baac63834af90ba0140ea1047e41.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9865227dc9144aca866d54a3ad3095a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e062c531954cb385b4f757a2fc588150.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e00b0718502f20f8af7ad557510e9150.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3d4ec5b9d2f5dbd6ec1cac34dbd8e547.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f5547e0098754a8e3f31bae5d5bcb4dd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/850765a52f324c009a5afdab75817478.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c4bbb0e8bcaf05c92ce1e616ece120b4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e062c531954cb385b4f757a2fc588150.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5fab86e75c6fbb43348e9e094b5d1904.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c0d81b67fa32b683fee355491a1967dc.png)
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2021-09-11更新
|
476次组卷
|
2卷引用:湖北省武汉市部分学校2021-2022学年高三上学期起点质量检测化学试题
9 . 含碳物质的价值型转化,有利于“减碳”和可持续发展。回答下列问题:
(1)科学家用
做催化剂,可将
和
转化为甲烷。已知有关化学反应的能量变化如图所示,则该转化反应的热化学方程式为___________ 。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/7/2/2755770346766336/2756555343896576/STEM/c8875f72-f857-4795-94b4-a420fc71f55c.png?resizew=614)
(2)用惰性电极电解
溶液,可将空气中的
转化为甲酸根(
),然后进一步可制得化工原料甲酸。
发生反应的电极反应式为___________ ,若电解过程中转移1mol电子,阳极生成氧气的体积(标准状况)为___________ L。
(3)乙苯催化脱氢制取苯乙烯的反应为:
(g)+CO2(g)![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/37d522e708321df76d7680f5ca620163.png)
(g)+H2O(g)+CO(g),其反应历程如下:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/7/2/2755770346766336/2756555343896576/STEM/e64e71cb-1fc0-46ef-971b-442d43090243.png?resizew=623)
①由原料到“状态Ⅰ”___________ (填“放出”或“吸收”)能量。
②一定温度下,向恒容密闭容器中充入2mol乙苯和
,起始压强为
,平衡时容器内气体总物质的量为5mol,乙苯的转化率为___________ ,用平衡分压代替平衡浓度表示的化学平衡常数![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/326276f15395fb6697f1502b9a1ae5e6.png)
___________ 。
③乙苯平衡转化率与
的关系如图所示,乙苯平衡转化率随着
变化的原因是___________ 。
(1)科学家用
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f9bbc9718808d057ecd852a31ff2ce33.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e71c86dcd9a9e9b09bbbb65b9d313435.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6e9b0547b553bc0c6d94299341006c14.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/7/2/2755770346766336/2756555343896576/STEM/c8875f72-f857-4795-94b4-a420fc71f55c.png?resizew=614)
(2)用惰性电极电解
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/72602a39e235336dc66b04cb190d2434.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e71c86dcd9a9e9b09bbbb65b9d313435.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2196ccc5b76e998c136fb5da50394e4a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e71c86dcd9a9e9b09bbbb65b9d313435.png)
(3)乙苯催化脱氢制取苯乙烯的反应为:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/7/2/2755770346766336/2756555343896576/STEM/a816cb33-1cf7-4829-95ee-a71523612999.png?resizew=116)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/37d522e708321df76d7680f5ca620163.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/7/2/2755770346766336/2756555343896576/STEM/b1319319-759d-4974-9e8b-89aa2d656ddc.png?resizew=124)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/7/2/2755770346766336/2756555343896576/STEM/e64e71cb-1fc0-46ef-971b-442d43090243.png?resizew=623)
①由原料到“状态Ⅰ”
②一定温度下,向恒容密闭容器中充入2mol乙苯和
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b903c77ee49f845a39a7be9c3a6b0a77.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/05ddd6f839e463ac5504467b1e496e90.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/326276f15395fb6697f1502b9a1ae5e6.png)
③乙苯平衡转化率与
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/11cadd52b7a5d5fa943a8fc80c640ffd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/11cadd52b7a5d5fa943a8fc80c640ffd.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/7/2/2755770346766336/2756555343896576/STEM/ecb8c1bd-066a-4363-84a7-ebc482f89aa1.png?resizew=303)
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10 . (1)标准摩尔生成焓是指由稳态单质生成1mol该化合物的焓变,25℃时几种物质的标准生成焓如下:
ⅰ.![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a407b0d164545fa87f4afa02942a5369.png)
ⅱ.![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d364c5ef20d12345dc3ceed4dba6e3bb.png)
①![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/452938b7ab015d0d000820a378ca258c.png)
___________ ;CO还原
生成两种无污染的气态物质的热化学方程式为___________ 。
②运用化学反应原理分析,反应过程中
的转化率随温度升高先增大后减小的原因是___________ 。
(2)在催化剂Rh表面CO还原NO基元反应机理路径如图a表示,两个N(s)结合生成的
称为
,
解离生成的
称为
,基元反应速率随温度的变化关系如图b所示。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/5/17/2723256466784256/2724439251877888/STEM/cc15382dc74f4ffa96baa13431c21180.png?resizew=586)
下列说法正确的是___________ (填字母)。
A.在催化剂表面NO的吸附并解离是反应发生的先决条件
B.在催化剂表面
的及时脱附有利于反应的进行
C.当温度超过625K时,生成的
主要是由CO还原
生成的
D.当温度低于530K时,发生的主要反应为![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6eed2852fbd6162069c71585c08945d6.png)
E.寻找低温下高效的催化剂控制汽车尾气的污染是未来研究的方向
(3)已知对于反应ⅱ:
,
(
、
为速率常数,只与温度有关)。
①既要加快NO的消除速率,又要消除更多的NO,可采取措施有___________ (写出其中一条即可)。
②达到平衡后,只升高温度,
增大的倍数___________ (填“>”、“<”或“=”)
增大的倍数。若在1L恒容密闭容器中充入1molCO和1moLNO发生上述反应,在一定温度下反应达到平衡时,CO的转化率为40%,则![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eed39067fc1754fdec4913a35760ce55.png)
___________ (计算结果用分数表示)。
物质 | ![]() | CO | ![]() | NO |
标准生成焓(kJ/mol) | 33.1 | -110.5 | -183.6 | 90.3 |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a407b0d164545fa87f4afa02942a5369.png)
ⅱ.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d364c5ef20d12345dc3ceed4dba6e3bb.png)
①
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/452938b7ab015d0d000820a378ca258c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9b0a6c15428939414834c004df67176f.png)
②运用化学反应原理分析,反应过程中
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9b0a6c15428939414834c004df67176f.png)
(2)在催化剂Rh表面CO还原NO基元反应机理路径如图a表示,两个N(s)结合生成的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/689cceefc5aed24568b73c0a6910c539.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/be00caebd2e0faf0420be7e9eff9621a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bebd608543e5b5c77c71d13d538ae4d1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/689cceefc5aed24568b73c0a6910c539.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/96aa23fc1fc8d8366a4ec795aca4533a.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/5/17/2723256466784256/2724439251877888/STEM/cc15382dc74f4ffa96baa13431c21180.png?resizew=586)
下列说法正确的是
A.在催化剂表面NO的吸附并解离是反应发生的先决条件
B.在催化剂表面
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e71c86dcd9a9e9b09bbbb65b9d313435.png)
C.当温度超过625K时,生成的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/689cceefc5aed24568b73c0a6910c539.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/87203a8d0af9ef58730df3b8dd90b4e4.png)
D.当温度低于530K时,发生的主要反应为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6eed2852fbd6162069c71585c08945d6.png)
E.寻找低温下高效的催化剂控制汽车尾气的污染是未来研究的方向
(3)已知对于反应ⅱ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/45694c9768b26046ed8defe3807697ac.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cc6fc6671c9d7807b4bac6f859f9021e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4c4a30857dca04760c6ff10b9cdba4b9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6b45e1c601ebd6b233e8ed92079112c6.png)
①既要加快NO的消除速率,又要消除更多的NO,可采取措施有
②达到平衡后,只升高温度,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4c4a30857dca04760c6ff10b9cdba4b9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6b45e1c601ebd6b233e8ed92079112c6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eed39067fc1754fdec4913a35760ce55.png)
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