名校
解题方法
1 . 已知正四面体
的棱长为3,点
在棱
上,点
在线段
上,且
.
在棱
的中点处,求证:
平面
;
(2)如图2,若
,求三棱锥
的体积;
(3)如图3,当点
在棱
上移动时,求线段
长度的最小值.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/891579e7c231584a8e16b8eeff79888e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2a30f3a8b673cc28bd90c50cf1a35281.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9d78abbad68bbbf12af10cd40ef4c353.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a0ed1ec316bc54c37c4286c208f55667.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/68a83fdd2ba72a2dba0b6b10bb3e06b9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fb91cb9a5a14169845d700fbd95890ac.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2a30f3a8b673cc28bd90c50cf1a35281.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9d78abbad68bbbf12af10cd40ef4c353.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/97f30533da2e1d2a958dc906c37eba9d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c09afc70f448545336304333d5b5658b.png)
(2)如图2,若
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/71fa9bb19d1d32270248f377363cd96a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/209e3b87346e057276f0692a7361e446.png)
(3)如图3,当点
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2a30f3a8b673cc28bd90c50cf1a35281.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9d78abbad68bbbf12af10cd40ef4c353.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4cae70b8a9d2d2e96dea62c00ced04b9.png)
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名校
解题方法
2 . 如图,圆锥的顶点是S,底面中心为O,P为AS的中点,Q是半圆弧
的中点,且
,
.
(1)求异面直线
与
所成角的正切值;
(2)在该圆锥侧面上,求从P到Q的最短路径的长度.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/60ef95894ceebaf236170e8832dcf7e3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a8a7b5adfcac0f46a4cd19da4ebb4a2b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3da3fdf44b48a0d66b87441fc699cab9.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/17/54621b51-a3ce-4aa3-b52d-25ea2fcfcb9d.png?resizew=133)
(1)求异面直线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7a5f1641947153c80b987320885a2b57.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/18e5ef91fb27dd684a27ae7f1993cfba.png)
(2)在该圆锥侧面上,求从P到Q的最短路径的长度.
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解题方法
3 . 在正方体
中,已知
,Q是棱
上的动点(可与D、
重合).
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/12/12/7d8f4a5f-1e92-4060-9048-3f5d77ac950f.png?resizew=155)
(1)当Q是
中点时,画出过A,Q,
的截面;
(2)是否存在点Q在棱
,上,且满足
面
,并说明理由;
(3)设
,过A,Q,
三点的截面面积为
,求函数
的表达式并求出值域.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6e09725691ee7851f54c0dee86b2bf55.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ced06b71073e1bb777f326f06016ce17.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/22adbc0da438220f9cace11b629d799b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6795cae2df43a722e1355e9562d93c09.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/12/12/7d8f4a5f-1e92-4060-9048-3f5d77ac950f.png?resizew=155)
(1)当Q是
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/22adbc0da438220f9cace11b629d799b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/97c01fdc7bc471af0b264a04aef0823e.png)
(2)是否存在点Q在棱
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/22adbc0da438220f9cace11b629d799b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2c5197adf1af97b29adc08417400807c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a211ad5a06b505b8365a62c1946f3cb7.png)
(3)设
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5545fb971ac100c85492abf9bfc68a53.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/97c01fdc7bc471af0b264a04aef0823e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3888740fa8b552b55b4a0c8ae4166007.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e6520ab5cbfa43d94f411b88d05ccc5e.png)
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解题方法
4 . 如图①,在棱长为1的正方体
中,E是棱
上的一个动点.
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/12/3/27eb5ee9-401d-49e1-9d22-71c8990bbc40.png?resizew=320)
(1)求证:三棱锥
的体积是定值;
(2)是否存在点E,使得
平面
,若存在请找出点E的位置,若不存在,说明理由;
(3)定义:与两条异面直线都垂直且相交的直线称为这两条异面直线的公垂线,公垂线的两个垂足之间的线段称为异面直线的公垂线.两条异面直线的公垂线段,是连接两条异面直线所有线段中的最短线段.
根据以上定义及性质解决如下问题:
如图②中,M为线段
的中点,线段
(不包括两个端点)上有一个动点N,过点
、
、
作正方体的截面
.
①判断截面
的形状,并说明理由;
②当截面
的面积取得最小值时,求点N的位置.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6e09725691ee7851f54c0dee86b2bf55.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2777840758e70e7dbbc18cef8f3d6d2b.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/12/3/27eb5ee9-401d-49e1-9d22-71c8990bbc40.png?resizew=320)
(1)求证:三棱锥
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a8bcd4d16a1f2e89bb43fd1731a05ab1.png)
(2)是否存在点E,使得
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/565133e91e3ace2b2187cfc6f1db5be6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9a83c0b8db2205a6815811aa4ff5390f.png)
(3)定义:与两条异面直线都垂直且相交的直线称为这两条异面直线的公垂线,公垂线的两个垂足之间的线段称为异面直线的公垂线.两条异面直线的公垂线段,是连接两条异面直线所有线段中的最短线段.
根据以上定义及性质解决如下问题:
如图②中,M为线段
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3ee8456443402a25b1e25d35ff7e1c98.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f52a58fbaf4fea03567e88a9f0f6e37e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a18722354086c42e62334983fc50eb6a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54a5d7d3b6b63fe5c24c3907b7a8eaa3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e170f206fdbbd834aad7580c727e2cc6.png)
①判断截面
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e170f206fdbbd834aad7580c727e2cc6.png)
②当截面
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e170f206fdbbd834aad7580c727e2cc6.png)
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5 . 设四面体
中,有
条棱长为
,其余
条棱长为
.
(1)
时,求
的取值范围;
(2)
时,求
的取值范围;
(3)
时,求
的取值范围.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/411b38a18046fea8e9fab1f9f9b80a5f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f0a532e15e232cb4b99a8d4d07c89575.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0a6936d370d6a238a608ca56f87198de.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6e6155764141e88750b8c15fc7b606db.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bdaa19de263700a15fcf213d64a8cd57.png)
(1)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5095a28bb1b91bf6bed9e2cfbd76bb18.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0a6936d370d6a238a608ca56f87198de.png)
(2)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f8e69866076dcff686a05e9e91e61e68.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0a6936d370d6a238a608ca56f87198de.png)
(3)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fcbd5bb726a08c308b48373afebbb768.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0a6936d370d6a238a608ca56f87198de.png)
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解题方法
6 . 《九章算术·商功》:“斜解立方,得两堑堵.斜解堑堵,其一为阳马,一为鳖臑.阳马居二,鳖臑居一,不易之率也.合两鳖臑三而一,验之以棊,其形露矣.”刘徽注:“此术臑者,背节也,或曰半阳马,其形有似鳖肘,故以名云.中破阳马,得两鳖臑,鳖臑之起数,数同而实据半,故云六而一即得.”
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/11/27/e5993170-2f4e-4cc5-b942-25e82698d51b.png?resizew=444)
如图,在鳖臑ABCD中,侧棱
底面BCD;
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/11/27/a607565f-9b51-4909-854f-36d57edfe0e2.png?resizew=340)
(1)若
,
,
,
,求证:
;
(2)若
,
,
,试求异面直线AC与BD所成角的余弦.
(3)若
,
,点P在棱AC上运动.试求
面积的最小值.
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/11/27/e5993170-2f4e-4cc5-b942-25e82698d51b.png?resizew=444)
如图,在鳖臑ABCD中,侧棱
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/21f9157fce2a8339d281178c7c0bccbe.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/11/27/a607565f-9b51-4909-854f-36d57edfe0e2.png?resizew=340)
(1)若
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4bd6a2b112facda441f4e34bf5c145fa.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/00be7c72b7d222730571ce5d7c288eba.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8c125d80008eed00b5bf47dc5df47246.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e468b7ccc9795b5feb53ad072e597b34.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/78f2b8dcbb2f7c2047896bc7aecc22bf.png)
(2)若
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ced06b71073e1bb777f326f06016ce17.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ef0402dd5ae3db10281f9f1e11738bcb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/037b342a682cbd4241855a243da3c016.png)
(3)若
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ff9c7cbcc38b28d45c8539710e5b260a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a2e1ab67f8e48ad3340cf9d165cd75f0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/acee03d4bb4667b6c345221b6c9b0fa4.png)
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解题方法
7 . 如图所示,一只小蚂蚁正从圆锥底面上的点A沿圆锥体的表面匀速爬行一周,又绕回到点A,已知该圆锥体的底面半径为
,母线长为
,试问小蚂蚁沿怎样的路径如何爬行,才能最快到达点A?并求出该路径的长.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/11bc05f41215f9894e11d1df0465751a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a167970b998655367e3fb81e7cafe883.png)
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8 . 已知正三棱锥
,顶点为
,底面是
.
(1)若该三棱锥的侧棱长为
,且两两成角为
,设质点
自
出发依次沿着三个侧面移动环绕一周直至回到出发点
,求质点移动路程的最小值;
(2)若该三棱锥的所有棱长均为
,试求以
为顶点,以
内切圆为底面的圆锥的侧面积和体积;
(3)若该棱锥的体积为定值
,求该三棱锥侧面与底面所成的角
,使该三棱锥的表面积
最小.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8d5a741608c47f8f9ab207e44441efd4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54a5d7d3b6b63fe5c24c3907b7a8eaa3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/15c0dbe3c080c4c4636c64803e5c1f76.png)
(1)若该三棱锥的侧棱长为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bdaa19de263700a15fcf213d64a8cd57.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8d74c0570f3ef4fff3e0ba34204f8d70.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dad2a36927223bd70f426ba06aea4b45.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
(2)若该三棱锥的所有棱长均为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bdaa19de263700a15fcf213d64a8cd57.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54a5d7d3b6b63fe5c24c3907b7a8eaa3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/15c0dbe3c080c4c4636c64803e5c1f76.png)
(3)若该棱锥的体积为定值
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/be54e84508decfcce6d2fcbe6c8c1a92.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c24095e409b025db711f14be783a406c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cf231f8f86fb922df4ca0c87f044cec3.png)
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