真题
解题方法
1 . 已知双曲线
左右顶点分别为
,过点
的直线
交双曲线
于
两点.
(1)若离心率
时,求
的值.
(2)若
为等腰三角形时,且点
在第一象限,求点
的坐标.
(3)连接
并延长,交双曲线
于点
,若
,求
的取值范围.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/07a3c16c6fb4a254b44936b2caf107a2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/00442d96d695db2c58bf1fb7165fca94.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8547f2b4e89b0ae1445bda02d46f0668.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b94469fd19f40116e2dec334919d6586.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f6bce3d91ca23b86d8c6625f2632e437.png)
(1)若离心率
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e0276541c12707b24d2f06ea3d976cf7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2c94bb12cee76221e13f9ef955b0aab1.png)
(2)若
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/31f02a5f7c7bed4e46a9ea36b510590a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dad2a36927223bd70f426ba06aea4b45.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dad2a36927223bd70f426ba06aea4b45.png)
(3)连接
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9f0009063fe00277645aff1be6e32471.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b94469fd19f40116e2dec334919d6586.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4aa0df7f1e45f9de29e802c7f19a4f64.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1d353f7781e779b5c72e56388934e345.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2c94bb12cee76221e13f9ef955b0aab1.png)
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2024高三·上海·专题练习
2 . 为了解某地初中学生体育锻炼时长与学业成绩的关系,从该地区29000名学生中抽取580人,得到日均体育锻炼时长与学业成绩的数据如下表所示:
(1)该地区29000名学生中体育锻炼时长不少于1小时的人数约为多少?
(2)估计该地区初中学生日均体育锻炼的时长(精确到
.
(3)是否有
的把握认为学业成绩优秀与日均体育锻炼时长不小于1小时且小于2小时有关?
时间范围 | |||||
学业成绩 | |||||
优秀 | 5 | 44 | 42 | 3 | 1 |
不优秀 | 134 | 147 | 137 | 40 | 27 |
(2)估计该地区初中学生日均体育锻炼的时长(精确到
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/71afb9adfd15cf230ee201f170826799.png)
(3)是否有
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f452908e724c9966128657203147834.png)
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解题方法
3 . 已知点
在双曲线
的一条渐近线上,
为双曲线的左、右焦点且
.
(1)求双曲线
的方程;
(2)过点
的直线
与双曲线
恰有一个公共点,求直线
的方程;
(3)过点
的直线
与双曲线左右两支分别交于点
,求证:
.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c3c9708ef0dc6d6f5dcf6596d3e4f6e5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/01a35802f04f793ebd9c8be4c9e21cea.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4d2a97987f71835f519b462f5b8f5957.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/17e72d4676abd9fdf6a8a896ec1a2f0d.png)
(1)求双曲线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4bcd8ee2d8367c167d6ae0abc741b6b8.png)
(2)过点
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dad2a36927223bd70f426ba06aea4b45.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4bcd8ee2d8367c167d6ae0abc741b6b8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
(3)过点
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dad2a36927223bd70f426ba06aea4b45.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e52586ca2a3b783bc8092415e2d4bf6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c04fd8483b9e76db2304da9ee1dcf83a.png)
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4 . 日日新学习频道刘老师通过学习了解到:法国著名数学家加斯帕尔·蒙日在研究圆锥曲线时发现:椭圆的任意两条互相垂直的切线的交点Q的轨迹是以椭圆的中心为圆心,
(a为椭圆的长半轴长,b为椭圆的短半轴长)为半径的圆,这个圆被称为蒙日圆.已知椭圆C:
.
(2)若斜率为1的直线
与椭圆C相切,且与椭圆C的蒙日圆相交于M,N两点,求
的面积(O为坐标原点);
(3)设P为椭圆C的蒙日圆上的任意一点,过点P作椭圆C的两条切线,切点分别为A,B,求
面积的最小值.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/da001dad7941e6c9858637d7b62cec59.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cc603fea876cbf85b1efcb5bab0d500f.png)
(2)若斜率为1的直线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0f85fca60a11e1af2bf50138d0e3fe62.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/25dd698d57d1cf239eb8752aecaaa4f4.png)
(3)设P为椭圆C的蒙日圆上的任意一点,过点P作椭圆C的两条切线,切点分别为A,B,求
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2205cffebf8c4d5f81d15ed7b85c8936.png)
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5 . 已知函数
,
.
(1)若直线
是曲线
在
处的切线,求
的表达式;
(2)若任意
且
,有
恒成立,求符合要求的数对
组成的集合;
(3)当
时,方程
在区间
上恰有1个解,求k的取值范围.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b923078510697d5f7f9ea392eb76dd9a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eb4935611969e644511329f6b0dbbf3b.png)
(1)若直线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6a1cfb60420ff7e72c1b9d64f69ae063.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/51c530f4b7491b95acb8ce3eef9aa09d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/779857e2a9f13158fb4cf5988debceca.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/be1ce3f01e2b6364f9a9fdaf197d5e29.png)
(2)若任意
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8e5223ece2f8f76850c49e2505304532.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/33bd24e647a626899a243a3f3984f90a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7eaa16e4de765a7127b2a4aa8302cef9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a5a5286cdf08218995b1514c195494e3.png)
(3)当
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/143b917df0520097be222accbddf9394.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/298b861acdad2f218a882319c1a3280a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a531b9769bfba66a10139b153f09307c.png)
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解题方法
6 . 已知
为实数集
的非空子集,若存在函数
且满足如下条件:①
定义域为
时,值域为
;②对任意
,
,均有
. 则称
是集合
到集合
的一个“完美对应”.
(1)用初等函数构造区间
到区间
的一个完美对应
;
(2)求证:整数集
到有理数集
之间不存在完美对应;
(3)若
,
,且
是某区间
到区间
的一个完美对应,求
的取值范围.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e52586ca2a3b783bc8092415e2d4bf6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/933093b52cca887f597cbe22a5467b11.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0afb80007983e5b99dcdeebf87d18ff4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0afb80007983e5b99dcdeebf87d18ff4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dd4c42648f413abc4ec6b042f0924e1f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/33bd24e647a626899a243a3f3984f90a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6e7ee80da08376cb9a6f0ac641b2d1f4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d275fbb3ee5cd1177ca5a2ceecbbef0f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
(1)用初等函数构造区间
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/36f14df2d8d1fea71da4197e81b6ee3c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4d65bdc820ab87b9a7909d2be591abec.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d275fbb3ee5cd1177ca5a2ceecbbef0f.png)
(2)求证:整数集
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/067802ecb7978511f798ef27d02e890b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/316ecb1589c3cc179e2f62507020771e.png)
(3)若
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7e8835e96965b13d49dd1481403eb997.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5aff8d9b6533ff319420cdc5e8740b04.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d275fbb3ee5cd1177ca5a2ceecbbef0f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/70e2bb6cfd4b2fa49622dc9b7c39b62b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f0a532e15e232cb4b99a8d4d07c89575.png)
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解题方法
7 . 设一个简单几何体的表面积为
,体积为
,定义系数
,已知球体对应的系数为
,定义
为一个几何体的“球形比例系数”.
(1)计算正方体和正四面体的“球形比例系数”;
(2)求圆柱体的“球形比例系数”范围;
(3)是否存在“球形比例系数”为0.75的简单几何体?若存在,请描述该几何体的基本特征;若不存在,说明理由.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cf231f8f86fb922df4ca0c87f044cec3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/be54e84508decfcce6d2fcbe6c8c1a92.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d2e32d2d3759b3edd79ef82c1f61d3f3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eb75fdaefb95f5061a0b33c2559f446b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9d66edadaad08a904172a9c162529b57.png)
(1)计算正方体和正四面体的“球形比例系数”;
(2)求圆柱体的“球形比例系数”范围;
(3)是否存在“球形比例系数”为0.75的简单几何体?若存在,请描述该几何体的基本特征;若不存在,说明理由.
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8 . 某航天公司研发了一种火箭推进器,为测试其性能,对推进器飞行距离与损坏零件数进行了统计,数据如下:
(1)建立
关于
的回归模型
,根据所给数据及回归模型,求回归方程及相关系数
.(
精确到0.1,
精确到1,
精确到0.0001)
(2)该公司进行了第二次测试,从所有同型号推进器中随机抽取100台进行等距离飞行测试,对其中60台进行飞行前保养,测试结束后,有20台报废,其中保养过的推进器占比
,请根据统计数据完成
列联表,并根据小概率值
的独立性检验,能否认为推进器是否报废与保养有关?
附:
,![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/356b05e46b10ee51c3e43546d73ec96c.png)
飞行距离![]() | 56 | 63 | 71 | 79 | 90 | 102 | 110 | 117 |
损坏零件数![]() | 61 | 73 | 90 | 105 | 119 | 136 | 149 | 163 |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d053b14c8588eee2acbbe44fc37a6886.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81dea63b8ce3e51adf66cf7b9982a248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1db6103cb0f1d2bd6b19235d53ee7e98.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/11bc05f41215f9894e11d1df0465751a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/abc5505526d11946ca7d3a4421a9e08f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f0032ca31e3cba58f973c6e75b907fb1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/11bc05f41215f9894e11d1df0465751a.png)
(2)该公司进行了第二次测试,从所有同型号推进器中随机抽取100台进行等距离飞行测试,对其中60台进行飞行前保养,测试结束后,有20台报废,其中保养过的推进器占比
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d960769a0d7509930ca19e8aeeb36814.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7b72fcdc709e77910cd36a26369648b3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8bdaf501302beeec9d077be02909e3bd.png)
保养 | 未保养 | 合计 | |
报废 | 20 | ||
未报废 | |||
合计 | 60 | 100 |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2187714e660234f0b72f2b47d3ea685a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/356b05e46b10ee51c3e43546d73ec96c.png)
![]() | 0.050 | 0.010 | 0.001 |
![]() | 3.841 | 6.635 | 10.828 |
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解题方法
9 . 已知
,数列
的前
项和为
,点
均在函数
的图象上.
(1)求数列
的通项公式;
(2)若
,令
,求数列
的前2024项和
.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/aa874c2a0f0b2b4e4e4b362a2b548b1c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/83cf38189d5cbf627d2b82ac0eb76006.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b6a24198bd04c29321ae5dc5a28fe421.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/08eb71ecf8d733b6932f4680874dbbf3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5605fe0de6cf73dba5c7cea125ac7107.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/942c2141d01bde6b48210c56a17fc75e.png)
(1)求数列
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/83cf38189d5cbf627d2b82ac0eb76006.png)
(2)若
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bfe1734eeee28524af87e6d01fcbd595.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/624fb70eac4f5416a2c7d21379e759a5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/034ba25825c13725931c483aa47c9363.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fb3200f3cc24af2c9663b5c0de282810.png)
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10 . 阿基米德(公元前287年—公元前212年,古希腊)不仅是著名的哲学家、物理学家,也是著名的数学家,他利用“逼近法”得到椭圆面积除以圆周率
等于椭圆的长半轴长与短半轴长的乘积.在平面直角坐标系中,椭圆
的面积等于
,且椭圆
的焦距为
.点
、
分别为
轴、
轴上的定点.
(1)求椭圆
的标准方程;
(2)点
为椭圆
上的动点,求三角形
面积的最小值,并求此时
点坐标;
(3)直线
与椭圆
交于不同的两点A、B,已知
关于
轴的对称点为M,B点关于原点的对称点为
,已知P、M、N三点共线,试探究直线
是否过定点.若过定点,求出定点坐标;若不过定点,请说明理由.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/70f5389990c3a0c5373f3bd9fb2454c9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ad523e69a1bf925e73a22900b9855df2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/35e2d7c958e99bcd9d7f251c19ee3544.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/38387ba1cadfd3dfc4dea4ca9f613cea.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c153027427477bcd0a7228b14ce96cc5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b378e03d75c73c8ca71f991a8c07729a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81dea63b8ce3e51adf66cf7b9982a248.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d053b14c8588eee2acbbe44fc37a6886.png)
(1)求椭圆
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
(2)点
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4aa0df7f1e45f9de29e802c7f19a4f64.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
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(3)直线
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