1 . Everyone carries a shield(屏障). Our shields protect what we don’t want others to see, from our embarrassing secrets to our unpredictable feelings.
Since shields encourage us to hide negative parts of ourselves, we can start to believe that we aren’t worth showing. We might fear how our friends will judge our struggles or how our families will view our ambitions.
However, we have to remember that we aren’t perfect, nor should we expect to be. We need to find and cure the wounds underneath our shields, but that means we have to let down our guard. We may even have problems we haven’t admitted to ourselves.
Knowing this takes bravery and patience, so it’ll be hard.
A.This is not a bad thing. |
B.We need to be understood. |
C.We shouldn’t expect to do any of it without help. |
D.In short, we have the power to change this phenomenon. |
E.Hence we decide to hide ourselves underneath our masks. |
F.If you can’t trust your partner, it won’t be easy to let them in. |
G.Maybe we’re hiding something from a friend or scared to admit an error. |
2 . Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity.
The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony?
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hate and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged (不和的) accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, in real situations, develops with practice.
1. What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness?A.People should offer mercy to others. |
B.Aggressive people should learn to forgive. |
C.Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. |
D.People who forgive can have their own welfare affected. |
A.To fight is to grow. | B.To give is to receive. |
C.To forgive is to abuse. | D.To dominate is to harm. |
A.Favorable. | B.Reserved. | C.Objective. | D.Skeptical. |
A.Forgiveness is in our nature. | B.Forgiveness grows with time. |
C.It takes practice to forgive. | D.Actuality is based on potentiality. |
3 . “Quick, quick, slow, slow,” my husband said as I was trying to focus. We frequently stepped on each other’s feet. Both of us were being rhythmically challenged, and we figured a series of lessons might help us look somewhat elegant on the floor. However, it didn’t.
It didn’t matter that the lessons didn’t pay off. Our learning something new together gave us a string of good memories, such as taking a Thai cooking class on a cold Chicago night and learning how to make classic cocktails (鸡尾酒) in a common bar. These experiences are my best memories from the past 10 years. We always have such a great time when we’re trying something new together. It seems to have strengthened our relationship, and makes me feel like we have a closer connection.
It turns out that my theory is backed by research. One study shows that learning new things with your spouse (配偶), friends, or partners, can strengthen your connection or friendship. But how exactly does this work? The key is vulnerability (弱点). “Learning new things together strengthens bonds because it is at those moments that we can show our vulnerability to one another,” says Dr. Hisla Bates. When we are learning a new task, misfortunes and failures are bound to happen. In those moments when we fail, the other party can be there in favor of us. We can work together to find a solution, and working together helps deepen the connection.
The benefits gained from learning new things with your partner can come from activities as small as hiking, trying a new recipe, going boating in the local lake or taking a fitness class together. You don’t have to go bungee jumping or skydiving to grow closer. Try selecting activities that both partners are unfamiliar with, as this will ensure you’re on the same page.
Trying to learn something new together once a month will benefit you and your spouse or friends. Overall, some of my best memories with my husband are the moments when we are learning something new together.
1. What were the author and her husband doing in Paragraph 1?A.Playing sports. | B.Practising dancing. |
C.Teaching lessons. | D.Taking a walk. |
A.Practice makes perfect. |
B.Good memories last a long time. |
C.Processes matter more than results. |
D.Well begun is half done. |
A.It can encourage them to teach and praise each other. |
B.It helps improve the understanding of each other. |
C.It can reduce each other’s loneliness and boredom. |
D.It helps find each other’s weaknesses and offer support. |
A.The power of learning new things together |
B.The advantages of taking different lessons |
C.The challenge of acquiring new knowledge |
D.The importance of improving people’s bonds |
4 . Over the past few months, the Let Them Theory has been making waves online. It started when Mel Robbins, a popular motivational speaker, shared it on Instagram. In her video, Robbins talks about the importance of letting go of control in certain situations, advocating for a model shift in how we interact with others.
Robbins insists that too often, we waste time and energy trying to push others into meeting our expectations. Instead, she proposes a simpler, more liberating approach: “letting them” be themselves. “Let them be themselves because they are revealing who they are to you. Just let them. Then, you get to choose what you do next.” she said.
Dr. Sophie Mort, a clinical psychologist and mental health expert, offers deeper insights into the psychological foundation of this Theory. She said that our natural desire to control others often originates from a need to relieve our own anxieties and uncertainties. However, such attempts often result in disappointment and exhaustion as we realize the uselessness of our efforts. Basically, the theory emphasizes the acknowledgment that we cannot control the actions or decisions of others. It urges us to give up the burden of forcing our desires onto those closest to us and accept the mindset of acceptance.
While the theory may not be formally recognized in clinical settings, its principles connect with established concepts such as acceptance and mindfulness. It shows the essence of acceptance and commitment therapy, emphasizing the importance of accepting our thoughts and feelings without judgment. Meanwhile, marriage and family therapist Chapell Marsh further explains the resemblance between the theory and the psychological concept of “locus of control.”
The theory received a lot of positive responses. Many claim that adopting this approach has fostered harmony and minimized conflicts in their interactions. However, it’s urgent to recognize the limitations of the theory. While it promotes acceptance and nonjudgmental attitudes, it must not be employed in situations where safety is compromised or where necessary conversations are avoided. “Avoiding difficult conversations can lead to problems,” said Chapell Marsh.
1. What’s the core of the Let Them Theory?A.Taking control of others in every situation. |
B.Letting others expose their true self to us. |
C.Pushing others into meeting our expectations. |
D.Insisting on our way of interacting with others. |
A.To be satisfied with themselves. |
B.To make others accept their mindset. |
C.To ease their own worries and doubts. |
D.To force their desires onto the closest ones. |
A.The Let Them Theory should be recognized clinically. |
B.We should accept our thoughts and feelings without judgement. |
C.Marriage and family relationships need psychological concepts. |
D.The Let Them Theory is consistent with the existing accepted theories. |
A.Your friend’s safety is being threatened. |
B.Someone says something mean behind your back. |
C.Your kids don’t want to get up and go shopping with you. |
D.Your friends are not inviting you out to brunch this weekend. |
5 . The only words you need to say after receiving a compliment (赞美) are “thank you”. But you know that's easier said than done.
There are many reasons why you have a hard time accepting compliments.
You have to listen carefully to compliments. It's not always obvious if you're being complimented for something only others can observe. If you are five foot six inches tall, and weigh seventy pounds, I would say you are slim. But if you are comparing yourself to someone who is shorter, and weighs five pounds less than you, you might call yourself plump. In this extreme example, the outside perspective is more accurate than the internal one.
If you're still struggling to accept a compliment, you don't just have to take someone at their word. It can be hard to accept an opinion when it's the opposite of yours, so call in reinforcements. Ask someone else what they think.
A.They will be the tie breaker. |
B.You can check with someone else instead. |
C.The causes are complicated but the path to accepting compliments is simpler. |
D.How honest are you with your friends and family when they ask for your opinion? |
E.When someone is trying to pay you a compliment, they are speaking subjectively. |
F.When someone pays you a compliment, they are speaking about something that is observable. |
G.Similarly, when I call you smart or funny, I'm commenting based on my definition of smart or funny, that's how I see you. |
6 . Behavioral scientists have found that good listening is one of the most important things we can do to improve our relationships.
In addition to actively attending to a speaker’s words, good listeners also use questions and body language that indicate their understanding and their desire to understand. This might feel awkward at first, and what’s most effective might depend on your relationship with the speaker.
These might seem like small changes, but together they make a big difference. And when people feel heard, they report more satisfaction, trust, and connection in their relationships.
A.Finally, don’t be afraid of silence. |
B.So, what can we do to become better listeners? |
C.It’s possible to know what truly excellent listening looks like. |
D.But with time and practice, you can internalize these basic behaviors |
E.There’s no universally agreed-upon definition of high-quality listening. |
F.Researchers have found that smiling and nodding at set intervals doesn’t quite work. |
G.So try to stay present and if you lose focus, don’t be shy about asking the speaker to repeat what you missed. |
7 . Conflict in communities is usually about the task or the person. Of course, sometimes it’s hard to separate one from the other.
Task conflict happens when people have different ideas of what needs to be done. It points to potential differences in opinion about everything you can imagine that is essential for a group: mission, priorities of tasks, compensation mechanism (机制), decision-making mechanisms, etc. Task conflict is not a problem when people realize the source of the conflict is the task and not the people. Community members must resolve tension inclusively with everyone’s voice being heard and acknowledged. However, this does not mean that the solution must include everyone’s opinion. After the conversation, everyone should feel that they had a fair chance to express their opinion and that it was taken seriously by others and not brushed aside.
Conflict between people is tricky because it’s attacking a person’s essence and self-worth. Often this form of conflict, relationship conflict, happens when two conditions are met: First, people have different values or are holding different assumptions, and secondly, neither party can see beyond their own biases. With relationship conflict, the person is perceived to be the problem and is being attacked by others. Each party assumes that most people are on their side and that the other person is acting out of self-interest. This eventually leads to people disagreeing with each other, not for the task’s sake but to prove the other person is wrong.
Sometimes conflict originates in a task. People might prefer different tools or different approaches. If this initial controversy is ignored or not dealt with appropriately, the relatively easy task conflict turns into a more complex relationship conflict. When relationship conflict occurs, a lot of things are reactive rather than reflective. People stop thinking and act impulsively (冲动地).
All in all, remember that every culture has its own way of handling conflict. Some people consider it dishonest if an argument is not addressed openly, while in other cultures, such a discussion will not be acceptable. It comes down to “Don’t assume everyone thinks like you”.
1. What does the underlined phrase “brushed aside” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Approved. | B.Ignored. | C.Swept. | D.Denied. |
A.Eric has a quarrel with his girlfriend in shopping mall. |
B.Group members are debating which approaches to be used. |
C.Tom is criticized by his best friend for being irresponsible. |
D.Two neighbors have a big argument over community health issues. |
A.Relationship conflict originates from task conflict. |
B.Task conflict is easier to resolve than relationship conflict. |
C.Conflict in communities causes people to make impulsive decisions. |
D.Task conflict can be sometimes transformed into relationship conflict. |
A.Give a warning. | B.Offer a suggestion. |
C.Make an assumption. | D.List a misconception. |
8 . The Surprising Strength of “Weak” Social Ties
It’s long been known that a community of supportive relationships improves our quality of life and can even help us recover from illness.
Claire gets cheered up by going to the library and chatting with her favorite librarian every week. Sherry gets great joy from her Sunday breakfasts at a local diner because the manager and her favorite waitress are nice to her.
When we feel blue or lonely, we tend to turn down social engagements, either to avoid the imagined embarrassment of being the only sad person in a group or because socializing with people we don’t know well can be awkward at first.
A.All of those connections matter — and so do you |
B.Harvard researcher Hanne Collins discovered something new |
C.Even those we meet only once can leave a lasting impression |
D.Our shared kindness and familiarity offer me a sense of community |
E.Interacting with the weak ties encourages us to behave more professionally |
F.But saying yes, despite the hesitation, offers an opportunity to feel less lonely |
G.So notice, pay attention to, and be grateful for your big, wide world of loose social ties |
1. 社交能力的重要性;
2. 提高学生社交能力的建议。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Enhancing Social Skills in Students
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10 . There is much conversation about boundaries these days, but what exactly are boundaries? Simply put, boundaries are limits we personally set in order to protect our physical, emotional, and mental health, and they can be set with ourselves, with others, or with both.
Initially, be clear and direct. The more clear and direct you are, the more others will be able to respect the boundaries you set. “I’m heading home today at 5 pm” will be understood more clearly than “I need to head home sometime around 5 or 5: 30 pm.”
Once you set boundaries, it’s important to maintain them. At the beginning, it may feel challenging to set and maintain them, but eventually, they can become second nature and we find ourselves in relationships built on mutual respect and care-the kind of relationships we all want to be in.
A.Or it will need to end |
B.Boundaries have cons and pros |
C.Then be respectful of others’ boundaries |
D.Naturally, they may be met with resistance |
E.There are many different types of boundaries |
F.Boundaries are important part of a healthy life |
G.However, people often have a difficult time setting them |