1 . 以下是关于合成氨的有关问题,请回答:
(1)若在一容积为2L的密闭容器中加入0.2mol的N2和0.5mol的H2在一定条件下发生反应:N2(g)+3H2(g)=2NH3(g)ΔH<0,若在5分钟时反应达到平衡,此时测得NH3的物质的量为0.2mol。则5分钟内该反应的速率
(H2)=_______ ,当平衡时c(N2)=_______ ,此时H2的转化率为_______ %,此条件下该反应的平衡常数为_______ 。
(2)平衡后,若想提高H2的转化率,可以采取的措施有_______。
(3)若在上述2L的密闭容器中,一定量的氮气和氢气发生上述反应,其化学平衡常数K与温度T的关系如表所示:
①试比较K1、K2的大小,K1_______ K2(填“>”、“<”或“=”);
②400℃时,某时刻测得此容器中NH3、N2和H2物质的量分别为2mol、2mol和2mol,则此时该反应向_______ 进行(填“正反应”、“逆反应”或“已平衡”)。
(1)若在一容积为2L的密闭容器中加入0.2mol的N2和0.5mol的H2在一定条件下发生反应:N2(g)+3H2(g)=2NH3(g)ΔH<0,若在5分钟时反应达到平衡,此时测得NH3的物质的量为0.2mol。则5分钟内该反应的速率
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/afbafae876d1abfcea6616b1abfdf7a1.png)
(2)平衡后,若想提高H2的转化率,可以采取的措施有_______。
A.加了催化剂 | B.增大容器体积 | C.降低反应体系的温度 | D.加入一定量N2 |
T/℃ | 200 | 300 | 400 |
K | K1 | K2 | 0.5 |
②400℃时,某时刻测得此容器中NH3、N2和H2物质的量分别为2mol、2mol和2mol,则此时该反应向
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2 . 对碳及其氧化物的化学研究有助于人类充分利用化石燃料,消除碳氧化物对环境的负面影响。用
代替
与燃料
反应,既可以提高燃烧效率,又能得到高纯
,是一种高效、清洁、经济的新型燃烧技术,反应①为主反应,反应②和③为副反应。
①
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/04b5a3a353d6513b6cf864defb21ce52.png)
②
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/448c59df70a54faf9cb1df43956a9eba.png)
③
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a70e5b4ebc4dc4be268fed136ee0acf9.png)
(1)反应
的![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a03fc493003e2b2b14138686eaee0687.png)
___________ (用
表示)。
(2)向盛有
的真空恒容容器中充入
,反应①于
达到平衡(
),平衡时
,
的平衡转化率为___________ 。(忽略副反应,结果保留2位有效数字)。
(3)其它条件不变时,升高温度戒缩小容器的体积,均能使反应②的平衡发生移动,请在下列坐标中作出该反应的平衡常数K随温度(T)、压强(P,缩小容器体积)变化而变化的示意图_______ :
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/12/25/a7c30222-1a27-47f9-b66c-66033ae01316.png?resizew=476)
(4)某温度下,测得
的
溶液的
为11,将该温度下
的
溶液
与
的
溶液,
混合,通过计算填写以下不同情况时两溶液的体积比:
①若所得混合溶液为中性,且
,
,则![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d7a74456bb2ea440a1f7987639238711.png)
___________ 。
②若所得混合溶液为中性,且
,则![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d7a74456bb2ea440a1f7987639238711.png)
___________ 。
③若所得混合溶液的
,且
,
,则![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d7a74456bb2ea440a1f7987639238711.png)
___________ 。
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6c1438db8931aa7a31e1c2c344ccbc1a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1e762a80c1216318892c2155bef79681.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
①
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0d98169ab65df20fec065f4a4e0312d7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/04b5a3a353d6513b6cf864defb21ce52.png)
②
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8aa89ffb1434245f73572732a9a117b7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/448c59df70a54faf9cb1df43956a9eba.png)
③
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f5ce8e58050da62261613addf2e28b75.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a70e5b4ebc4dc4be268fed136ee0acf9.png)
(1)反应
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/194285869b2a723eba85895bad5e3665.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a03fc493003e2b2b14138686eaee0687.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e14729720a31eb1f3b675bcda902e8c0.png)
(2)向盛有
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6c1438db8931aa7a31e1c2c344ccbc1a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e82341579d89ce8da9ee378ca6505375.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/10a18b40b2e8e846d789c1b7c0474dfc.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d8fe2a6f7348ad1c0f09fc7a2dff4131.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
(3)其它条件不变时,升高温度戒缩小容器的体积,均能使反应②的平衡发生移动,请在下列坐标中作出该反应的平衡常数K随温度(T)、压强(P,缩小容器体积)变化而变化的示意图
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/12/25/a7c30222-1a27-47f9-b66c-66033ae01316.png?resizew=476)
(4)某温度下,测得
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2ae35125cf7c0415b85fc89c6f799b9e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce93086f0133444d40743d654cba1c55.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1066e53bf79a3cdff7ec2934bd09e272.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ccbb35b12c741cb9c98e13f79f2a42c4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce93086f0133444d40743d654cba1c55.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/27f81a2cd2cf683b57a3b457f5ddfc49.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9521751ea909361b8b4765bfce5d6e04.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/503df0c0a55e256791c34e0f48c9c146.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a3c66430cd5eaaf068ecb376f964c775.png)
①若所得混合溶液为中性,且
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/351530b4b68c6c8b9511d29580022812.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4df6d9292a65fa1bd8f820b997948180.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d7a74456bb2ea440a1f7987639238711.png)
②若所得混合溶液为中性,且
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ea53fdb5a7bd07d297b04ab348efdea9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d7a74456bb2ea440a1f7987639238711.png)
③若所得混合溶液的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8b3c8542f61e24e199d933e485da4042.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/351530b4b68c6c8b9511d29580022812.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4df6d9292a65fa1bd8f820b997948180.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d7a74456bb2ea440a1f7987639238711.png)
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3 . 反应:
,在密闭容器中达到平衡时
,
,
,求:
(1)
和
的起始浓度_________ 。
(2)
的转化率_________ 。
(3)平衡时压强为开始时压强的百分之几_________ 。
(4)平衡时
占总体积的体积分数_________ 。
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/966e4481dc54460b7d7fa0c2c1fc5026.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d8d7af52291e0fb235322b0b025fa214.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/557e7738bc2e3613e76f1162bb2d1d85.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d8ee3b7193b6b29c7025d003fb367ca0.png)
(1)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f5547e0098754a8e3f31bae5d5bcb4dd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
(2)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f5547e0098754a8e3f31bae5d5bcb4dd.png)
(3)平衡时压强为开始时压强的百分之几
(4)平衡时
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dbe2066525aa0616cf44d051d57bf713.png)
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解题方法
4 . 完成下列问题。
(1)常温下,0.05mol/L硫酸溶液中,![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/201522a2beb06b11933b0539c43fb31b.png)
___________ mol/L,水电离的![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/201522a2beb06b11933b0539c43fb31b.png)
___________ mol/L。将1mL该溶液加水稀释到100mL,稀释后的溶液中![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/66d044730b7b7d21d67ed749dbe00767.png)
___________ 。
(2)T1℃时,纯水中
,则纯水中![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/208c1b7fdee7f76eb2ff5403d1796372.png)
___________ mol/L,此时温度___________ (填“高于”“低于”或“等于”)25℃。若温度不变,滴入盐酸后
,则溶液中![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/208c1b7fdee7f76eb2ff5403d1796372.png)
___________ mol/L,由水电离的![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/208c1b7fdee7f76eb2ff5403d1796372.png)
___________ mol/L。
(3)T2℃时,测得
的NaOH溶液的pH为11,则该温度下水的离子积常数![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/976f709406327e8beff39de475abd96b.png)
___________ 。该温度___________ (填“高于”“低于”或“等于”)25℃。
(4)常温下,设pH=5的
溶液中由水电离出的
为c1;pH=5的
溶液中由水电离出的
为
,则![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/579c03137b9ce620d280768926a35aaa.png)
___________ 。
(5)常温下,pH=13的
溶液aL与pH=3的
溶液bL混合(混合后溶液体积变化忽略不计),若所得混合溶液呈中性,则a∶b=___________ 。
(6)已知t℃时,
,在该温度时将pH=9的NaOH溶液aL与pH=2的H2SO4溶液bL混合(忽略混合后溶液体积的变化),若所得混合溶液的pH=3,则a∶b=___________ 。
(1)常温下,0.05mol/L硫酸溶液中,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/201522a2beb06b11933b0539c43fb31b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/201522a2beb06b11933b0539c43fb31b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/66d044730b7b7d21d67ed749dbe00767.png)
(2)T1℃时,纯水中
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fecede1c0ada0b5990911732b05c714b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/208c1b7fdee7f76eb2ff5403d1796372.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8fe7cc257ff339cbe22f0ec24fb42a00.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/208c1b7fdee7f76eb2ff5403d1796372.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/208c1b7fdee7f76eb2ff5403d1796372.png)
(3)T2℃时,测得
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2ae35125cf7c0415b85fc89c6f799b9e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/976f709406327e8beff39de475abd96b.png)
(4)常温下,设pH=5的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dabf3433f95b16485024c4eede9f2a50.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9d087b536f32bafcee4355212531c507.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bba12c6ed277b5b723e22b091a3e5b0b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9d087b536f32bafcee4355212531c507.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0dd489e08a48f9ff315c691d6267758f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/579c03137b9ce620d280768926a35aaa.png)
(5)常温下,pH=13的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/894f3c49b7ff56b79d92da2359bb051f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dabf3433f95b16485024c4eede9f2a50.png)
(6)已知t℃时,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/020c63102680f2e52ece5602d1d5fb3c.png)
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5 . 已知几种含碳物质间的转化及能量变化关系如图所示。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/14/4fa9e705-061f-4d21-bb00-1cd2b02088f3.png?resizew=311)
(1)写出表示CO燃烧热的热化学方程式:___________ 。
(2)反应
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a9bd5ee2be851888a2f9a34eb2ed75e4.png)
___________
,该反应中反应物的总键能___________ (填“大于”、“小于”或“等于”)生成物的总键能。若18gC(s)与
反应,完全转化成
,需要___________ (填“吸收”或“放出”)___________ kJ能量。
(3)在25℃、101kPa下,30g由
和CO组成的混合气体完全燃烧生成
和液态水,放出热量1031.8kJ。则混合气体中
和CO的物质的量分别为___________ mol、___________ mol。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/14/4fa9e705-061f-4d21-bb00-1cd2b02088f3.png?resizew=311)
(1)写出表示CO燃烧热的热化学方程式:
(2)反应
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/026ce84f7824350c6076d8dccfcc0ea8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a9bd5ee2be851888a2f9a34eb2ed75e4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4b2a6bc4b5ef80a57a78c144749392c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/85973e3cffda90b16b2ac900d7f914fd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/521981899ff2eb449d1f8f58a6217903.png)
(3)在25℃、101kPa下,30g由
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
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2023-11-21更新
|
142次组卷
|
2卷引用:河南省新乡市2023-2024学年高二上学期期中考试化学试题
解题方法
6 . I.碳是形成化合物种类最多的元素,其单质及化合物是人类生产生活的主要能源物质,请回答下列问题:
(1)有机物M经过太阳光光照可转化成N,转化过程如下:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/032403f7920920e3f83e5adce268b068.png)
则M、N相比,较稳定的是___________ 。
(2)火箭和导弹表面的薄层是耐高温物质。将石墨、铝粉和二氧化钛按一定比例混合在高温下煅烧,所得物质可作耐高温材料,
,则反应过程中,每转移
电子放出的热量为___________ kJ。
(3)
、
、C都是优质的能源物质,它们燃烧的热化学方程式分别为
①
;
②
;
③![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/776ef1df4b8060e24f19ec28af424d78.png)
;
已知
、
组成的混合气体
,又
与
的物质的量之比
3:2,则该混合气体完全燃烧后放出的热量为___________ kJ;
的反应热无法直接测量,但通过上述反应可求出其反应热![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/96d529dd8302544058eb2930a98a7d71.png)
___________
。
II.
的盐酸与
的
溶液在如图所示的装置中进行中和反应,通过测定反应过程中所放出的热量可计算中和反应反应热,回答下列问题:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/24/896eeaaa-5dc2-4db8-b1a9-9a344f16f8c7.png?resizew=126)
(4)实验中若改用![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ae41b563cbd2f89307f31204885045f2.png)
的盐酸与![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dc3ba59b5ead16e5b90122e84dd94afa.png)
的氢氧化钠溶液进行反应,若实验操作均正确,则所求中和热___________ (填“相等”或“不相等”)。
(5)下列说法正确的是___________(填字母)。
(1)有机物M经过太阳光光照可转化成N,转化过程如下:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/24/afcfd56c-0540-4f5a-bd64-b0c23d87863b.png?resizew=176)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/032403f7920920e3f83e5adce268b068.png)
则M、N相比,较稳定的是
(2)火箭和导弹表面的薄层是耐高温物质。将石墨、铝粉和二氧化钛按一定比例混合在高温下煅烧,所得物质可作耐高温材料,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2a2d4168a50e6fa5f936c1560c7f2f9a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/04b0644f445cf717964643284662e6af.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/26edabbe2c43af4e74203ad34c4eff2d.png)
(3)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
①
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ae810807cee3ccac4a9a37dd7167678e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3bf3ac5071b19853ed83de2d9e49816b.png)
②
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/751a1932634629a36b8cfe6da571a5d6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7faf307e8c3aa720b3577ca8f880b90f.png)
③
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/776ef1df4b8060e24f19ec28af424d78.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6cdb1208be6de0123497645e668dd82c.png)
已知
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2e0e1a928167fedd7f9cbc804eade8cb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/75657a3fce85d67f97c3862b5dc325ac.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c2024007d1fdaacdaf63031e3f1f780e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/96d529dd8302544058eb2930a98a7d71.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4b2a6bc4b5ef80a57a78c144749392c.png)
II.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bd6ca890b5e2541ecbad3bec8b33d93f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bd6ca890b5e2541ecbad3bec8b33d93f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce93086f0133444d40743d654cba1c55.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/24/896eeaaa-5dc2-4db8-b1a9-9a344f16f8c7.png?resizew=126)
(4)实验中若改用
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ae41b563cbd2f89307f31204885045f2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d1e29d027070b3f28e77039d9ba03ca1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dc3ba59b5ead16e5b90122e84dd94afa.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2d7cac8c81b7fcaefef27dbc29ed1761.png)
(5)下列说法正确的是___________(填字母)。
A.玻璃搅拌棒可用铜丝搅拌棒替代 |
B.向内筒中加入稀碱时,应当缓慢而匀速地加入 |
C.实验中如果用相同体积、相同浓度的醋酸代替盐酸,测得的中和热数值将偏小 |
D.将用量筒量取好的稀盐酸加入内筒后,应当快速用水冲洗量筒内壁剩余的稀盐酸至内筒中,以免造成测量误差 |
您最近一年使用:0次
解题方法
7 . 回答下列问题
(1)在25℃、101kPa下,1g甲醇(
)液体在氧气中充分燃烧生成二氧化碳气体和液态水时释放出QkJ的热量,则表示甲醇燃烧热的热化学方程式为:___________ 。
(2)黑火药是中国古代的四大发明之一,其爆炸的热化学方程式为
。
已知:碳的燃烧热
,
,
,则x为___________ kJ/mol。
(3)一定条件下,在水溶液中所含离子
、
、
、
、
各1mol,其相对能量的大小如图所示(各离子在图中用氯元素的相应化合价表示),则反应
的![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/96d529dd8302544058eb2930a98a7d71.png)
___________ kJ/mol。
(1)在25℃、101kPa下,1g甲醇(
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/50a5c6d26e9821c59de16c928dcb79f0.png)
(2)黑火药是中国古代的四大发明之一,其爆炸的热化学方程式为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/aca2afa804541d1680039f470b041399.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9e75124a95edbc2165eb22cba5135b2e.png)
已知:碳的燃烧热
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e0a00c1b1c04b0d5e992c74990bb3636.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3cfded976ba91ac379df4a506cf2dcfe.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1e40536077896eb29ca0639d64692fa9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7b9ae9b0979a5ecd7c6458daebab1446.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9eff9e69ae14aa815af5026ce5a4daed.png)
(3)一定条件下,在水溶液中所含离子
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/aef0aaf9f3442509a859fb2f9a07ca7c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/36f9abdc1c98f0c92cd1be61494c56b7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/41089e9be3f55f4785113ab4850dcc70.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/79570d68c3a7e72d96178d55444e3f0c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c146a656278811dc65d07118aa32180c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/28e0ca8bc12acd64b2c9e74100290984.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/96d529dd8302544058eb2930a98a7d71.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/14/3e171fd6-f685-4806-8f40-c8815121d787.png?resizew=243)
您最近一年使用:0次
名校
解题方法
8 . 研究化学反应中的能量变化对生产、生活有重要的意义。
(1)甲烷是一种高效清洁的新能源,
完全燃烧生成液态水时放出的热量为
,则表示
燃烧热的热化学方程式为___________ 。
(2)已知:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e029cc1f7d07eeb136bd3946a7eb23e3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/32410867843f1a7ef11410da8f3f8dab.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2b994a3d0126e44d032969365e6ebc25.png)
则![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/27d3d85459fd9f18216c493e244e9d77.png)
___________ (填含
、
的表达式),![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/608dac33274ccc2ee2cd75279bb5b1f5.png)
___________ (填含
、
的表达式)。
(3)已知:
。查阅文献资料得部分化学键的键能如表所示:
①合成氨反应
的活化能
,则氨分解反应
的活化能![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/82663d867c747a52a6771e39e0b8f080.png)
___________
。
②
完全燃烧生成
和水蒸气时放出___________ kJ的热量;又已知
,则氨催化氧化的热化学方程式为___________ 。
(4)研究氮氧化物与大气中悬浮的海盐粒子的相互作用时,涉及反应:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/849feee6ec96ebae1cf682cbbda86626.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e8aabd845cd4e7933402ac197183d100.png)
则反应
的![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/131135ae2807c734c1398f24708b2093.png)
___________ (用含a、b的表达式表示)。
(1)甲烷是一种高效清洁的新能源,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f6bb4d412b0eea233b21c1fc58619ec0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/11652e5f307ba82cce108d7c3b1265e5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/521981899ff2eb449d1f8f58a6217903.png)
(2)已知:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7249101cd09bc2d1370be4926ee787c8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6fbb5d519f981a09188dc18a765e8c43.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e029cc1f7d07eeb136bd3946a7eb23e3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a431a90e8af9feab789a85970097e376.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7e3396e9e066adc1d6e03779938058a9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/32410867843f1a7ef11410da8f3f8dab.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6fe066fa1485fdf3efca5d7ad24a513a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a95d800b889e9e22aa00ec16b7f0a794.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2b994a3d0126e44d032969365e6ebc25.png)
则
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/27d3d85459fd9f18216c493e244e9d77.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6fbb5d519f981a09188dc18a765e8c43.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7e3396e9e066adc1d6e03779938058a9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/608dac33274ccc2ee2cd75279bb5b1f5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e029cc1f7d07eeb136bd3946a7eb23e3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/32410867843f1a7ef11410da8f3f8dab.png)
(3)已知:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/70622e8f6b3ce9c76323f1f3dee38589.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d34ece7a57d5ef5c79d0684e49a634c0.png)
化学键 | H—H | ![]() | N—H |
![]() | 436 | 946 | 391 |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bcf7916fff4d192814abef8580e69a3e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/743b1221b984378e29ac3184dcae1592.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/217cf145b7895e9a74b99ce4429b3f37.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/82663d867c747a52a6771e39e0b8f080.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4b2a6bc4b5ef80a57a78c144749392c.png)
②
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c37122e803ecd4522b71a7f4b51f4403.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3d4092baf09c01da010acdcd50eefa09.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/00954556ce8025de192e8769d6a55195.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/64a1d68c2c1c9a4ca6c6446b726b4da2.png)
(4)研究氮氧化物与大气中悬浮的海盐粒子的相互作用时,涉及反应:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/408ea7f13861b5f40931fc32e7d6f15e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/849feee6ec96ebae1cf682cbbda86626.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/74819dd2b324cfd9a190d381eade6d36.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e8aabd845cd4e7933402ac197183d100.png)
则反应
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3eb4483f45b5c842c908aaa4150741bb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/131135ae2807c734c1398f24708b2093.png)
您最近一年使用:0次
2023-11-13更新
|
212次组卷
|
2卷引用:福建省泉州市2023-2024学年高二上学期期中考试化学试题
解题方法
9 . 已知几种含碳物质间的转化及能量变化关系如图所示。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/13/94afe9e6-5b93-4307-a28d-625a3ebc9df0.png?resizew=348)
(1)写出表示
燃烧热的热化学方程式:___________ ,若有672mL(标准状况下)
完全燃烧,会放出___________ kJ能量。
(2)反应
=___________ kJ⋅mol-1,该反应中反应物的总键能___________ (填“大于”、“小于”或“等于”)生成物的总键能;若18gC(s)与
反应,完全转化成
,需要___________ (填“吸收”或“放出”)___________ kJ能量。
(3)在25℃、101kPa下,30g由
和
组成的混合气体完全燃烧生成
和液态水,放出热量1031.8kJ,则混合气体中
和
的物质的量分别为___________ mol、___________ mol。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/11/13/94afe9e6-5b93-4307-a28d-625a3ebc9df0.png?resizew=348)
(1)写出表示
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ba8d41defa28f4f06acefb19b1286146.png)
(2)反应
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/14708ef8116bd2a5fc7cc33687abbf8d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d2922ae637886073827dff8c97681427.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/85973e3cffda90b16b2ac900d7f914fd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/521981899ff2eb449d1f8f58a6217903.png)
(3)在25℃、101kPa下,30g由
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
您最近一年使用:0次
名校
解题方法
10 . 完成下列计算:
(1)已知工业上制取硫酸需要发生以下反应
Ⅰ.
;Ⅱ.
;Ⅲ.![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f9aa74fdbbb2563bb2cff257d891cfaa.png)
①假设在生产中所有反应完全进行,则每生产1.00吨98%的浓硫酸需要![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2f8dd3411d4346af2ee9b80b682dd5fa.png)
______ 吨。(保留2位小数)
②实际生产中可能会有损耗(即存在反应物没有发生反应),假设反应Ⅰ中
损耗率为20%,反应Ⅱ中
损耗率为10%,则实际生产1吨98%浓硫酸需要![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2f8dd3411d4346af2ee9b80b682dd5fa.png)
______ 吨。(保留2位小数)
(2)取
固体,加热一段时间后,剩余固体5.84g。该剩余固体与足量的浓盐酸在加热条件下充分反应生成氯气,产物中所有Mn元素均转化为
。
①
分解生成氧气的物质的量![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f81934921825498c25d54f5029b9c72.png)
______ mol
②
分解的百分率为______ %;
③第二步反应中生成氯气的物质的量![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5c767b730a659fc7e863cd47c1e34c74.png)
______ mol
(1)已知工业上制取硫酸需要发生以下反应
Ⅰ.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4f037e8a14b68321feecd4b2449794db.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dcb4f7d3632ab773624f4d82457a3a36.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f9aa74fdbbb2563bb2cff257d891cfaa.png)
①假设在生产中所有反应完全进行,则每生产1.00吨98%的浓硫酸需要
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2f8dd3411d4346af2ee9b80b682dd5fa.png)
②实际生产中可能会有损耗(即存在反应物没有发生反应),假设反应Ⅰ中
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2f8dd3411d4346af2ee9b80b682dd5fa.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3cd6200aa9357b208a994c93c210ff60.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2f8dd3411d4346af2ee9b80b682dd5fa.png)
(2)取
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c9c1a31d62343f09d3e19977e51100c7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9028a8c90efe91bbfac33fb674352b8c.png)
①
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7a63afc18472bb4f4d6388cf207da8b4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f81934921825498c25d54f5029b9c72.png)
②
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7a63afc18472bb4f4d6388cf207da8b4.png)
③第二步反应中生成氯气的物质的量
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5c767b730a659fc7e863cd47c1e34c74.png)
您最近一年使用:0次
2023-11-06更新
|
180次组卷
|
2卷引用:11-2023新东方高二上期中考化学11